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90 results for “behavioral plasticity”
Raw data for: "CalDAG-GEFI mediates striatal cholinergic modulation of dendritic excitability, synaptic plasticity and psychomotor behaviors"
<p>Figure 2. CDGI mediates the M1R modulation of dendritic excitability but not the M1R</p> <p>modulation of somatic excitability.</p> <p>(A and B) Sagittal sections through the brains of CDGI knockout mice in which the direct</p> <p>pathway was visualized (red) in D1-tdTomato mice (A) and the indirect pathway was visualized</p> <p>(green) in D2-GFP mice.</p> <p>(C) Sample somatic voltage changes evoked by 120pA current injections in iSPNs from WT</p> <p>(black) and CDGI-KO (red) before and after bath application of oxo-M (10 µM).</p> <p>(C-D) Current-response curves of iSPNs from WT (B, n=5 cells) and CDGI-KO mice (C, n=7</p> <p>cells). Somatic excitability of iSPNs was similarly enhanced by oxo-M in WT and CDGI-KO.</p> <p>(E) Sample somatic recordings in response to 140pA current injections in dSPNs from WT</p> <p>(black) and CDGI KO (red) before and after bath application of oxo-M (10 µM).</p> <p>(F-H) Current-response curves of dSPNs from WT (E) and CDGI-KO (F) mice (n=4-6).</p> <p>(I) Trains of five EPSPs were evoked by stimulation of glutamatergic afferent fibers at 40 Hz.</p> <p>Oxo-M (10 µM) increased EPSP summation in iSPNs of WT, but not in CDGI-KO or when</p> <p>M1Rs were blocked by M1R antagonist VU0255035 in WT (5 M).</p> <p>(J) Box plot showing the effect of oxoM on synaptic summation. The EPSP5/EPSP1 ratio was</p> <p>increased by oxoM in iSPNs of WT (p = 0.002, Wilcoxon test; n = 10), but not in iSPNs of 27</p> <p>CDGI-KO mice (p = 0.25, n = 9) or in iSPNs of WT mice in the presence of VU0255035 (p =</p> <p>0.69, n = 6).</p> <p>(K) Box plot showing the effect of oxoM on the kinetics of synaptic response. The decay time</p> <p>constant of EPSP5 was significantly increased by oxoM in iSPNs of WT (p = 0.002); but not</p> <p>when CDGI was genetically deleted (p = 0.65) or when M1R was pharmacologically blocked (p</p> <p>= 0.84).</p>
Relyea, R. A. 2001. Morphological and behavioral plasticity of larval anurans in response to different predators. Ecology 82:523-540.
Many organisms can adjust to a changing environment by developing alternative phenotypes that improve their fitness. Our understanding of phenotypic plasticity is largely based upon observations from single species responding to two different environments and measuring a single plastic trait. In this study, I examine predator-induced phenotypic plasticity in tadpoles by observing how six species of larval anurans respond to five different predator environments in 11 different traits (seven morphological traits, two behavioral traits, growth, and development). The results demonstrate that behavioral and morphological plasticity may be ubiquitous in larval anurans. The six prey species exhibited different responses to the same predator species, and each prey exhibited different responses to different predator species. This suggests that responses to a particular predator may not serve as general defense against all predators; rather, prey express predator-specific suites of responses. I also compared relative differences in plasticity among species and among traits. In contrast to earlier findings using only two predator environments, I found that different anurans possess similar degrees of plasticity for most of their traits when reared in a large number of environments. In addition, behavioral traits were always more plastic than morphological traits. Finally, I examined trait integration to address whether there were apparent trade-offs among traits and limits imposed by the abiotic environment. Trait integration, or the degree of correlated responses among traits across predator environments within a prey species, was very low. This further suggests that the suites of responses are predator specific and may be under independent directions of selection in different predator environments. Trait correlations across prey species indicated that there is an apparent trade-off between tail fin depth and body size. This relationship is supported by selection studies with
Experimental evolution under varying sex ratio and behavioral plasticity in response to perceived competitive environment independently affect calling effort in male crickets
<p>The operational sex ratio (OSR) is a key component influencing the magnitude of sexual selection driving the evolution of male sexual traits, but males often also retain the ability to plastically modulate trait expression depending on the current environment. Here we employed an experimental evolution approach to determine whether the OSR affects the evolution of male calling effort in decorated crickets, a costly sexual trait, and whether plasticity in calling effort is altered by the OSR under which males have evolved. Calling effort of males from two selection regimes maintained at different OSRs over 18–20 generations (male- versus female-biased) was recorded at two different levels of perceived competition, in the absence of rivals or in the presence of an experimentally muted competitor. The effect of the OSR on the evolution of male calling effort was modest and in the opposite direction predicted by theory. Instead, the immediate competitive environment strongly influenced male calling effort as males called more in the presence of a rival, revealing considerable plasticity in this trait. This increased calling effort came at a cost, however, as males confined with a muted rival experienced significantly higher mortality.</p>
Data and code for: Behavioral plasticity shapes participation in a mixed-species flocking community of birds
<p>Behavioral plasticity can modulate the costs and benefits of sociality, and thus may play a prominent role in mediating competition and facilitation during social interactions in mixed-species groups. However, investigations of assembly patterns of mixed-species groups typically treat species' behavioral attributes as static rather than dynamic features that can change in social contexts. We investigate four axes of behavioral plasticity that may modulate interaction within mixed-species groups: 1) species' selective preference for joining certain groups, 2) species' ability to flexibly change their behavior in response to groupmates' behavior, and 3) shifts and/or 4) expansions of species' niche occupancy when foraging with conspecifics versus when foraging with heterospecifics. We assess variation in these axes of behavioral plasticity in an Australian mixed-species avian community. All species had selective preferences for flocks of certain strata, and some flexibly matched their flockmates' foraging strata. Three species exhibited patterns of niche shift, and one species showed niche expansion. These findings suggest that species converge in strata in mixed-species flocks despite the potential for increased competition and emphasize that species can plastically react to changes in their social environment in numerous ways. Acknowledgment of such plasticity is likely integral to understanding the nuances of heterospecific interactions.</p>
The yellow gene regulates behavioral plasticity by repressing male courtship in Bicyclus anynana butterflies
<p>Seasonal plasticity in male courtship in Bicyclus anynana butterflies is due to variation in levels of the steroid hormone 20E (20-hydroxyecdysone) during pupation. Wet season (WS) males have high levels of 20E and become active courters. Dry season (DS) males, have lower levels of 20E and reduced courtship rates, although WS courtship rates can be achieved if DS male pupae are injected with 20E at 30% of pupation. Here we investigated the genes involved in male courtship plasticity and examine whether 20E plays an organizational role in the pupal brain that later influences the sexual behaviour of adults. We show that DS pupal brains have a 7-fold upregulation of the yellow gene relative to the WS and that knocking out yellow leads to increased male courtship. We find that injecting 20E into DS pupa reduced yellow expression although not significantly. Our results show that yellow is a repressor of the neural circuity for male courtship behaviour in B. anynana. 20E levels experienced during pupation could play an organizational role during pupal brain development by regulating yellow expression, however, other factors might also be involved. Our findings are in striking contrast to Drosophila where yellow is required for male courtship.</p>
Data from: Evolved differences in thermal plasticity of mosquitofish mating behavior are unrelated to source temperature
<p>Phenotypic plasticity in response to temperature is expected to play a key role in how organisms cope with climate change. Evolved differences in plastic responses are often linked to historical differences in average temperatures, yet we know little about how behavioral plasticity is affected by prevailing thermal environments. In this study, we used a common-garden design to test whether historical differences in average temperatures caused evolutionary divergence in the plasticity of mating behavior of Western mosquitofish (<em>Gambusia affinis</em>) inhabiting geothermal springs with average source temperatures spanning from 18.8 to 33.3 C. We found population differences in the thermal plasticity of courtship displays, copulation attempts, copulations, and mating efficiency, but these differences could not be explained by average source temperatures. We also tested for differences in thermal optima and maximum performance in mating behavior among populations. We found that only the maximum number of displays differed among populations, although these differences were also unrelated to source temperature. While temperature may have predictable evolutionary consequences for some thermally sensitive traits, our findings are inconsistent with theoretical predictions of evolutionary responses to divergent average temperatures, highlighting the need for greater synergy between empirical and theoretical work to understand thermal adaptation.</p>
Data and Source codes: Ancestral sex-role plasticity facilitates the evolution of same-sex sexual behavior
<p>This repository provides access to the tracking data and analysis code used for the manuscript:</p> <p>Ancestral sex-role plasticity facilitates the evolution of same-sex sexual behavior</p> <p>by Nobuaki Mizumoto<sup>1</sup>, Thomas Bourguignon<sup>1</sup>, and Nathan W. Bailey<sup>2</sup></p> <p><sup>1</sup> Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan <br /><br> <sup>2</sup> School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, U.K. <br /></p> <p>published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.</p>
Data and code for: Behavioral plasticity shapes participation in a mixed-species flocking community of birds
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Data from: Predators drive selection for adaptive plasticity in prey defense behavior
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Data from: Evolved differences in thermal plasticity of mosquitofish mating behavior are unrelated to source temperature
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Data for: Greater plasticity in CTmax with increased climate variability among populations of tailed frogs lacking opportunity for behavioral thermoregulation
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Experimental evolution under varying sex ratio and behavioral plasticity in response to perceived competitive environment independently affect calling effort in male crickets
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The yellow gene regulates behavioral plasticity by repressing male courtship in Bicyclus anynana butterflies
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Site fidelity and behavioral plasticity regulate an ungulate's response to extreme disturbance
<p>1. With rapid global change, the frequency and severity of extreme disturbance events are increasing worldwide. The ability of animal populations to survive these stochastic events depends on how individual animals respond to their altered environments, yet our understanding of the immediate and short-term responses of animals to acute disturbances remains poor.</p> <p>2. We focused on animal responses to the environmental disturbance created by megafire. Specifically, we explored the effects of the 2018 Mendocino Complex Fire in northern California, USA on the behaviour and body condition of black-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus columbianus</i>). We predicted that deer would be displaced by the disturbance or experience high mortality post-fire if they stayed in the burn area.</p> <p>3. We used data from GPS collars on 18 individual deer to quantify patterns of home range use, movement, and habitat selection before and after the fire. We assessed changes in body condition using images from a camera trap grid. The fire burned through half of the study area, facilitating a comparison between deer in burned and unburned areas.</p> <p>4. Despite a dramatic reduction in vegetation in burned areas, deer showed high site fidelity to pre-fire home ranges, returning within hours of the fire. However, mean home range size doubled after the fire and corresponded with increased daily activity in a severely resource-depleted environment. Within their home ranges, deer also selected strongly for patches of surviving vegetation and woodland habitat, as these areas provided forage and cover in an otherwise desolate landscape. Deer body condition significantly decreased after the fire, likely as a result of a reduction in forage within their home ranges, but all collared deer survived for the duration of the study.</p> <p>5. Understanding the ways in which large mammals respond to disturbance like wildfire is increasingly important as the extent and severity of such events increases across the world. While many animals are adapted to disturbance regimes, species that exhibit high site fidelity or otherwise fixed behavioural strategies may struggle to cope with increased climate instability and associated extreme disturbance events.</p>
Short-finned pilot whales exhibit behavioral plasticity in foraging strategies mediated by their environment
<p>Predators adapt their foraging behavior to exploit a variety of prey in a range of environments. Short-finned pilot whales are wide-ranging predators in tropical and sub-tropical oceans, but most previous studies of their foraging ecology have been conducted near oceanic islands. We deployed sound and movement recording tags on 43 short-finned pilot whales off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA, to measure their foraging behavior in a continental shelf-break ecosystem and investigate how variation in the environment shapes their behavior. Overall, the foraging behavior of pilot whales off Cape Hatteras was similar to that of their counterparts from island-associated habitats. Off Cape Hatteras, pilot whales made foraging dives as deep as 1077 m (mean: 445 m), lasting up to 23 min (mean: 12.8 min), with sprints (pursuit at speeds over 3 m/s and up to 6.9 m/s) in more than half of foraging dives. However, tagged whales off Cape Hatteras produced higher buzz rates (11.3 buzzes/dive), foraged more extensively in daytime hours, and engaged in more frequent benthic foraging than island-associated ecotypes. By parsing the echoic scene generated by the animal's own echolocation clicks, we show that pilot whales off Cape Hatteras frequently exploit bathymetric features for foraging, with benthic dives resulting in higher prey capture attempts than pelagic dives. The ability of these predators to strategically adapt foraging strategies to local habitat features likely contributes to their ecological success and may allow them to adjust to shifts in prey distributions in a rapidly changing Anthropocene ocean.</p>
Dataset from Maith, O., Baladron, J., Einhäuser, W., & Hamker, F. H. (2023). Exploration behavior after reversals is predicted by STN-GPe synaptic plasticity in a basal ganglia model. Submitted to iScience.
<p>This dataset contains all analyzed data from the study "Maith, O., Baladron, J., Einhäuser, W., & Hamker, F. H. (2023). Exploration behavior after reversals is predicted by STN-GPe synaptic plasticity in a basal ganglia model. Submitted to iScience.". It includes the behavioral data of 20 human participants (folder "psychExp") and of simulations of a neuro-computational basal ganglia model (folder "simulations") of the study.</p> <p>To replicate the results of the study, the dataset can be analyzed using the code provided separately under the following identifier: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6555886. The dataset is organized in the directory structure required for this purpose.</p> <p>For the human participants, only preprocessed eye-tracking and general behavioral data (.mat files) and the final analyzed behavioral data (output files) generated with the script "get_vps_outputs.m" (folder psychExp/..../3_srcAna/) are available. For more information about preprocessing steps as well as raw data of the eye-tracking experiment, please contact us by email (click <a href="https://www.tu-chemnitz.de/urz/mail/adrx.html?1-d29sZmdhbmcuZWluaGFldXNlci10cmV5ZXJAcGh5c2lrLg==">here</a>).</p>
Plasticity in extend phenotype how the cobweb spider <em>Campanicola campanulata</em> altering web architecture and trade-off behavioral investments in response to prey availability variation
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Data from: Why have multiple plastic responses? Interactions between color change and heat avoidance behavior in Battus philenor larvae
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Expression and mechanisms of behavioral plasticity in large mammals
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Site fidelity and behavioral plasticity regulate an ungulate’s response to extreme disturbance
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.