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19 results for “benthic survey”
Long-term trends in pesticide residues and physical chemical parameters of superficial water samples with accompanying macro-benthic invertebrate community surveys from the Palo Verde National Park, Costa Rica: 1993-1994; 2001; 2004-2005; 2009-2011
During the years 1993-1994, 2001, 2003-2005 and 2009-2011, the Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET-UNA) executed independent research projects which quantified the presence of pesticide residues on superficial water samples from the Palo Verde National Park (PVNP) and surrounding areas. The PVNP (5460 sq km) is a RAMSAR wetland of international importance, which has been subjected to pesticide pressure from agricultural fields (mainly rice and sugarcane) since the 1960s and 1970s. In 1993, the PVNP wetlands were placed on the RAMSAR Montreux Record, indicating that it was considered an “impaired ecosystem” due to ecotoxicology concerns. Water is the key component of all issues regarding the biodiversity, management, restoration, and economic development of this region. Therefore, water quality is a critical component of many social ecological discussions and research efforts. This data package contains uniform pesticide, biological and water quality data from all PVNP wetland projects (1993- 2011) in order to present long-term trends in the environmental water quality and accompanying biological patterns for this conservation area. Study sites were spatially determined to compare clean upstream waters with a gradient of pesticide-affected waters. Superficial water samples were collected at various sites for chemical (pesticide) analysis and water quality parameters were recorded in situ for environmental monitoring. Corresponding biological sampling was completed to survey benthic macroinvertebrate communities and compare with local eco-toxicological profiles. This data package contains information from four separate projects.
Benthic algae and sessile invertebrate survey data from LTER and other reef ecosystems
Understanding factors that influence ecological stability is a key question in ecology. Population ecology has highlighted that synchrony within a species across locations is an important indicator of species stability. Community ecology, in contrast, has highlighted that asynchrony between species within a location may enhance the stability of aggregate properties (such as total productivity). We compiled LTER and other data across 20 metacommunities in grassland and coastal marine biomes to integrate population and community approaches to synchrony to understand drivers of ecosystem stability at different scales. All datasets feature long-term (10-34 years) measurements of the primary producer community across multiple (6-49) discrete plots, with taxonomic identifications to species in most or all cases. This data package contains data from coastal marine sites: Santa Barbara Coastal LTER; Moorea Coral Reef; US Virgin Islands; Maui, Hawaii; and the Florida Keys.
UCSB SONGS Mitigation Monitoring: Reef Survey - Benthic Algae and Invertebrate Abundance
These data describe annual estimates of the density of benthic algae and macroinvertebrates at three subtidal reefs collected as part of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) Mitigation Monitoring Program. Data collection began in 2009 at an artificial reef (Wheeler North Reef in Orange County, CA) and two natural reference reefs (San Mateo Kelp in Orange County, CA and Barn Kelp in San Diego County, CA). In the summer of each year, divers identified and counted species of benthic algae and macroinvertebrates in quadrats of varying size that were uniformly distributed along fixed transects at each reef.
UCSB SONGS Mitigation Monitoring: Reef Survey - Benthic Algae, Invertebrate, and Substrate Cover
These data describe annual estimates of the percent cover of benthic macroalgae, sessile macroinvertebrates, and hard and soft substrates at three subtidal reefs collected as part of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) Mitigation Monitoring Program. Data collection began in 2009 at an artificial reef (Wheeler North Reef in Orange County, CA) and two natural reference reefs (San Mateo Kelp in Orange County, CA and Barn Kelp in San Diego County, CA). In the summer of each year, divers identified and recorded species of sessile algae and macroinvertebrates, and substrate types under twenty uniformly placed points within five 1 m2 quadrats that were uniformly distributed along semi-permanent transects at each reef.
SONGS Mitigation Monitoring: Experimental Reef Survey - Benthic Algae and Invertebrate Abundance
These data describe annual estimates of the density of benthic macroalgae and macroinvertebrates at an artificial reef (Wheeler North Reef in Orange County, CA) and two natural reference reefs (San Mateo Kelp in Orange County, CA and Barn Kelp in San Diego County, CA). Data were collected from 2000 to 2004 as part of the experimental phase of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) kelp reef mitigation program. In the summer of each year, divers identified and counted species of benthic macroalgae and macroinvertebrates in quadrats of varying size that were uniformly distributed along fixed transects at each reef.
SONGS Mitigation Monitoring: Experimental Reef Survey - Benthic Algae, Invertebrate, and Substrate Cover
These data describe annual estimates of the percent cover of benthic macroalgae, sessile macroinvertebrates, and substrate types at an artificial reef (Wheeler North Reef in Orange County, CA) and two natural reference reefs (San Mateo Kelp in Orange County, CA and Barn Kelp in San Diego County, CA). Data were collected from 2000 to 2004 as part of the experimental phase of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) kelp reef mitigation program. In the summer of each year, divers identified and recorded species of algae and sessile macroinvertebrates, and substrate types under twenty uniformly placed points within 1 m2 quadrats that were uniformly distributed along fixed transects at each reef.
Data from: Towards automated annotation of benthic survey images: variability of human experts and operational modes of automation
Global climate change and other anthropogenic stressors have heightened the need to rapidly characterize ecological changes in marine benthic communities across large scales. Digital photography enables rapid collection of survey images to meet this need, but the subsequent image annotation is typically a time consuming, manual task. We investigated the feasibility of using automated point-annotation to expedite cover estimation of the 17 dominant benthic categories from survey-images captured at four Pacific coral reefs. Inter- and intra- annotator variability among six human experts was quantified and compared to semi- and fully- automated annotation methods, which are made available at coralnet.ucsd.edu. Our results indicate high expert agreement for identification of coral genera, but lower agreement for algal functional groups, in particular between turf algae and crustose coralline algae. This indicates the need for unequivocal definitions of algal groups, careful training of multiple annotators, and enhanced imaging technology. Semi-automated annotation, where 50% of the annotation decisions were performed automatically, yielded cover estimate errors comparable to those of the human experts. Furthermore, fully-automated annotation yielded rapid, unbiased cover estimates but with increased variance. These results show that automated annotation can increase spatial coverage and decrease time and financial outlay for image-based reef surveys.
Supplementary Video: An End-to-End DNA Taxonomy Methodology for Benthic Biodiversity Survey in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Central Pacific Abyss
<p>Supplementary video for the article "<em>An End-to-End DNA Taxonomy Methodology for Benthic Biodiversity Survey in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Central Pacific Abyss</em>".</p>
Biotic and abiotic data for: European Benthic survey of seagrass-lucinid mutualism
<p>Coastal ecosystem functioning often hinges on habitat-forming foundation species that engage in positive interactions (e.g. facilitation and mutualism) to reduce environmental stress. Seagrasses are important foundation species in coastal zones but are rapidly declining with losses typically linked to intensifying global change-related environmental stress. There is growing evidence that loss or disruption of positive interactions can amplify coastal ecosystem degradation as it compromises its stress-mitigating capacity. Multiple recent studies highlight that seagrass can engage in a facultative mutualistic relationship with lucinid bivalves that alleviate sulphide toxicity. So far, however, the generality of this mutualism, and how its strength and relative importance depend on environmental conditions, remains to be investigated. Here we study the importance of the seagrass-lucinid mutualistic interaction on a continental scale using a field survey across Europe. We found that the lucinid bivalve <em>Loripes</em> <em>orbiculatus</em> is associated with the seagrasses <em>Zostera</em> <em>noltii</em> and <em>Zostera</em> <em>marina</em> across a large latitudinal range. At locations where the average minimum temperature was above 1°C, <em>L. orbiculatus</em> was present in 79% of the <em>Zostera</em> meadows; whereas, it was absent below this temperature. At locations above this minimum temperature threshold, mud content was the second most important determinant explaining the presence or absence of <em>L. orbiculatus</em>. Further analyses suggest that the presence of the lucinids have a positive effect on seagrass biomass by mitigating sulphide stress. Finally, results of a structural equation model (SEM) support the existence of a mutualistic feedback between <em>L. orbiculatus</em> and <em>Z. noltii</em>. We argue that this seagrass-lucinid mutualism should be more solidly integrated into management practices to improve seagrass ecosystem resilience to global change as well as the success of restoration efforts.</p>
Biotic and abiotic data for: European Benthic survey of seagrass-lucinid mutualism
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Data from: Towards automated annotation of benthic survey images: variability of human experts and operational modes of automation
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Marine biomonitoring with eDNA: can metabarcoding of water samples cut it as a tool for surveying benthic communities?
<p>In the marine realm, biomonitoring using eDNA of benthic communities requires destructive direct sampling or the setting-up of settlement structures. Comparatively much less effort is required to sample the water column, which can be accessed remotely. In this study we assess the feasibility of obtaining information from the eukaryotic benthic communities by sampling the adjacent water layer. We studied two different rocky-substrate benthic communities with a technique based on quadrat sampling. We also took replicate water samples at distances from a few centimetres to 20 m from the benthic habitat. Using as marker a fragment of the Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene with universal primers, we obtained a total of 3,543 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) from the samples. The structure obtained in the two environments was markedly different, with Metazoa, Archaeplastida Rhodophyta and Stramenopiles being the most diverse group in benthic samples, and HacrobiaAlveolata, Metazoa and Alveolata Rhizaria in the water. Only 265 MOTUs (7.5%) were shared between benthos and water samples, and of these 180 MOTUs (5.1%) were identified as benthic MOTUs that left their DNA in the water. Most of them were found immediately adjacent to the benthos, and their number decreased and The distribution of these benthic shared MOTUs showed a decrease both in number of MOTUs and in number of reads as we moved apart from the benthic habitat. It was concluded that water eDNA, even in the close vicinity of the benthos, was a poor proxy for the analysis of benthic structure, and that direct sampling methods are required for monitoring these complex benthic communities via metabarcoding.</p>
The applicability of eDNA metabarcoding approaches for sessile benthic surveying in the Kimberley region, north-western Australia
<p>The application of environmental DNA technologies is a promising new approach to rapidly audit biodiversity across large-scale, remote regions. Here, we examine the efficacy of a dual-assay eDNA metabarcoding approach for sessile benthic bioassessments in the turbid waters of the Lalang-garram <a>Marine Parks</a>, in the inshore Kimberley region, north-western Australia. We ask three principal questions: 1. Is the eDNA released by sessile benthic taxa (i.e. hard and soft corals, sponges and tunicates) locally detectable? 2. What level of taxonomic resolution is afforded by eDNA metabarcoding using the ITS2 region? and 3. How well does eDNA metabarcoding compare to conventional benthic survey techniques, such as belt and point-intercept transects? We report that a dual-assay eDNA metabarcoding approach is capable of detecting approximately 70% of the local benthic taxa (i.e. at a species, genus level etc) identified at the surveyed locations. It is, however, not as effective at the individual/population level, detecting only approximately 40% of unique amplicon sequence variant (ASV) signals released by an array of individual benthic organisms at the surveyed locations. In examining the efficacy and resolution of the applied ITS2 metabarcoding markers for bioassessments, we report large gaps in the variety of publicly available benthic ITS2 reference sequence data, limiting our ability to provide robust taxonomic assignments. These findings highlight the need to extend ITS2 databases for greater regional representation. Until this is adequately addressed, we recommend that investigating taxonomic assignments to a genus-level is the most robust approach to benthic monitoring using eDNA. Lastly, we found eDNA metabarcoding and conventional belt-transect surveys each detected numerous unique hard coral genera, indicating that a combined approach provides the most effective way to audit benthic biodiversity. Furthermore, eDNA metabarcoding had the power to distinguish similar diversity trends between sites to that determined by the belt-transect methodology, validating the application of eDNA metabarcoding as either a stand-alone, or complementary technique for assessing sessile benthic taxa.</p>
Data from: Improving automated annotation of benthic survey images using wide-band fluorescence
Large-scale imaging techniques are used increasingly for ecological surveys. However, manual analysis can be prohibitively expensive, creating a bottleneck between collected images and desired data-products. This bottleneck is particularly severe for benthic surveys, where millions of images are obtained each year. Recent automated annotation methods may provide a solution, but reflectance images do not always contain sufficient information for adequate classification accuracy. In this work, the FluorIS, a low-cost modified consumer camera, was used to capture wide-band wide-field-of-view fluorescence images during a field deployment in Eilat, Israel. The fluorescence images were registered with standard reflectance images, and an automated annotation method based on convolutional neural networks was developed. Our results demonstrate a 22% reduction of classification error-rate when using both images types compared to only using reflectance images. The improvements were large, in particular, for coral reef genera Platygyra, Acropora and Millepora, where classification recall improved by 38%, 33%, and 41%, respectively. We conclude that convolutional neural networks can be used to combine reflectance and fluorescence imagery in order to significantly improve automated annotation accuracy and reduce the manual annotation bottleneck.
Data from: Improving automated annotation of benthic survey images using wide-band fluorescence
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Marine biomonitoring with eDNA: can metabarcoding of water samples cut it as a tool for surveying benthic communities?
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The applicability of eDNA metabarcoding approaches for sessile benthic surveying in the Kimberley region, north-western Australia
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Development of a multi-excitation fluorescence (MEF) imaging method to improve the information content of benthic coral reef surveys
<p>Benthic surveys are a key component of monitoring and conservation efforts for coral reefs worldwide. While traditional image-based surveys rely on manual annotation of photographs to characterise benthic composition, automatic image annotation based on computer vision is becoming increasingly common. However, accurate classification of some benthic groups from reflectance images presents a challenge to local ecologists and computers alike. Most coral reef organisms produce one or a combination of fluorescent pigments, such as Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-like proteins found in corals, chlorophyll-a found in all photosynthetic organisms, and phycobiliproteins found in red macroalgae, crustose coralline algae (CCA) and cyanobacteria. Building on the potential of these pigments as a target for automatic image annotation, we developed a novel imaging method based on off-the-shelf components to improve classification of coral and other biotic substrates using a multi-excitation fluorescence (MEF) imaging system. We used RGB cameras to image the fluorescence emission of coral and algal pigments stimulated by narrow-waveband blue and green light, and then combined the information into 3-channel pseudocolour images. Using a set of <i>a priori</i> rules defined by the relative pixel intensity produced in different channels, the method achieved successful classification of organisms into three categories based on the dominant fluorescent pigment expressed, facilitating discrimination of traditionally problematic groups. This work provides a conceptual foundation for future technological developments that will improve the cost, accuracy and speed of coral reef surveys.</p>
Development of a multi-excitation fluorescence (MEF) imaging method to improve the information content of benthic coral reef surveys
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