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17 results for “biodiversity–productivity relationships”
Enemy exclusion effects on biodiversity-productivity relationship in subtropical forest experiment
<p>This data set is described in full detail in Huang et al. (2022) Journal of Ecology XXX.</p> <p>In brief, we used a large tree biodiversity experiment (BEF-China), established in 2009-2010, to test whether the application of fungicide or insecticide changes observed tree species richness effects on tree growth. We used a subset of plots in which tree species numbers ranged from 1 to 8. To these plots, a factorial split-plot treatment was added in April 2014. The new treatments (I: insecticide; F: fungicide; C: untreated control) were applied to subplots located along one side of the main plots. Each subplot contained 4 × 4 = 16<br>trees. We further used the central 4 × 4 trees of the main plot for additional measurements (central control subplot).</p> <p>Insecticide and fungicide solutions (4 L per subplot) were sprayed over tree crowns every 4 weeks, but only on days with no or very little wind. During the rainy season, application<br>intervals were halved to 2 weeks to compensate for more rapid leaching. The insecticide solution contained 10 mL dimethoate (an organophosphate) and 10 mL deltamethrin (a<br>pyrethroid). The fungicide solution contained 8 g of mancozeb (a dithiocarbamate) and 25 mL of myclobutanil (a triazole). Control subplots were sprayed with 4 L of water.</p>
Enemy exclusion effects on biodiversity-productivity relationship in subtropical forest experiment
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Chronic anthropogenic disturbance mediates the biodiversity-productivity relationship across stand ages in a large temperate forest region
<div>Temperate forests, especially those in the densely populated regions of the world, are experiencing increasing levels of habitat degradation and biological impoverishment due to subtle but pervasive chronic anthropogenic disturbances including frequent and continuous grazing and extraction of non-timber forest products. However, the effects of these subtle, chronic disturbances on the biodiversity-productivity relationship have rarely been examined especially in forests at different development stages. Accordingly, this study explores how chronic anthropogenic disturbance affects the relationship between tree species diversity and forest productivity at different stand development stages in a large temperate forest region.</div> <div> </div> <div>We used the human footprint index as a proxy for chronic human disturbance. Hierarchical Bayesian models were employed to assess the effects of chronic human disturbance on the relationship between tree diversity and forest productivity across different stand age. Several measures of diversity were employed, including taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity.</div> <div> </div> <div>Forest productivity consistently increased with taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic biodiversity; these biodiversity facets were the main drivers of forest productivity compared to stand age, chronic human disturbance, and climate. However, the magnitude at which productivity increases with the increments of taxonomic and functional diversity diminishes with the increasing chronic disturbance, especially in younger stands. The effects of phylogenetic diversity on productivity did not vary with chronic disturbance, regardless of stand age.</div> <div> </div> <div> <strong>Synthesis and applications:</strong> Chronic human disturbance in a large temperate forest region reduces the increase in community productivity due to different facets of biodiversity, especially in young forests. The evidence suggests that the mitigation of chronic human disturbance and the conservation of biodiversity will be effective in sustaining essential ecosystem functions.</div>
Data from: Positive biodiversity-productivity relationships in forests: climate matters
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Chronic anthropogenic disturbance mediates the biodiversity-productivity relationship across stand ages in a large temperate forest region
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Data from: Anthropogenic nutrient inputs affect productivity-biodiversity relationships in marine tintinnid assemblages
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Data from: Species richness mediates within-species nutrient resorption: implications for the biodiversity-productivity relationship
1.Between-species variation in nutrient resorption is one of the mechanisms explaining the positive relationship between biodiversity and primary productivity. Yet, the role of within-species variations in nutrient resorption in mediating the relationship between biodiversity and productivity remains unclear. 2.We examined how within-species nutrient resorption, and ultimately productivity, respond to changes in species richness by using four traits related to nitrogen and phosphorus use in four dominant species from different plant functional groups in a biodiversity removal experiment in the temperate steppe. 3.Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in both green and senesced leaves in all species significantly decreased with increasing plant species richness, suggesting that plants used those limiting nutrients more efficiently with increasing biodiversity. Plants in higher-diversity communities resorbed more nutrients during senescence, which may facilitate reproduction and vegetative regrowth in the next year. 4.Synthesis. Our results highlight the importance of considering within-species variation in nutrient resorption as an important underlying mechanism explaining the positive effects of biodiversity on primary productivity and ecosystem carbon accumulation.
Biodiversity-productivity relationships in a natural grassland community vary under diversity loss scenarios
<p>Understanding the biodiversity-productivity relationship and underlying mechanisms in natural ecosystems under realistic diversity loss scenarios remains a major challenge for ecologists despite its importance for predicting impacts of rapid loss of biodiversity worldwide. Here we report the results of a plant functional group (PFG) removal experiment conducted on the Mongolian Plateau, the largest remaining natural grassland in the world.</p> <p>Our results demonstrated that the biodiversity-productivity relationship varied among positive linear, neutral, and unimodal forms under different PFG loss patterns. Moreover, the form of this relationship with the same PFG loss pattern sometimes changed through time.</p> <p>The abundance of the remaining PFG(s) before removal and their compensation following the loss of other PFGs were two major mechanisms affecting the biodiversity-productivity relationship under diversity loss scenarios. The abundance effect promoted positive responses of productivity to biodiversity, but the compensation effect caused several biodiversity-productivity relationships, hinging on its direction (positive or negative) and strength. As indicated by the values of the compensation index, negative, zero and partial compensations contributed to the positive relationships, while full compensation resulted in a neutral relationship. Over-compensation at intermediate PFG richness levels created a unimodal curve in our system, but it could also lead to a negative linear relationship.</p> <p><i>Synthesis</i>. Our experiment provides a vivid picture of how the form of the biodiversity-productivity relationship varies among different diversity loss patterns in a natural ecosystem. We argue that compensation by the remaining species, which is not revealed by synthesized biodiversity experiments, plays a critical role in shaping the form of this relationship when diversity is lost from existing systems. The direction and strength of compensation are highly dependent on extirpation scenarios. Thus, impacts of biodiversity loss on natural ecosystems are likely more complex than predicted by the canonical positive saturating curve obtained from the synthesized biodiversity experiments. We suggest that models forecasting the consequences of biodiversity declines on natural ecosystems should take into account diversity loss patterns and the ensuing compensation.</p>
Drought-driven shifts in relationships between plant biodiversity and productivity in temperate steppes
<p>1. Drought events induced by global climate change strongly modify ecosystem structure and function in grasslands. Higher plant biodiversity can enhance ecosystem resistance to drought, however the potential effects of drought on the relationships between aboveground productivity (ANPP) and biodiversity along a natural aridity gradient remain poorly understood.</p> <p>2. Here, we studied the effects of experimental drought on plant community structure and ANPP during the two different dry years (2015 and 2017) spanning three temperate steppe sites with low, medium and high aridity levels. We also examined the effects of drought and aridity on the associations of plant species (richness and abundance), functional (community-weighted trait means and functional dispersion) and phylogenetic diversity (evolutionary lineages) with ANPP. A structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to elucidate how the drought affected ANPP by altering biodiversity attributes.</p> <p><span>3. </span><span>We found that experimental drought shaped the biodiversity-ANPP relationships, and the biodiversity-ANPP relationships differed among three sites. </span><span>A</span><span>t the </span><span>low aridity site, ANPP was correlated with plant functional traits, whereas ANPP was correlated with functional dispersion, species and phylogenetic diversity at the medium aridity site. At the high aridity site, ANPP was correlated with species richness, functional traits and phylogenetic diversity. As compared with 2015, natural drought in 2017 strengthened the associations of species diversity, functional dispersion, leaf dry matter content and leaf nitrogen content with ANPP across three sites. SEM further showed that both experimental and natural drought directly decreased ANPP, and indirectly decreased ANPP by reducing community-weighted mean of plant height. </span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>Synthesis</span><span>. These results suggest that the aridity increase or drought occurrence is likely to induce the shifts in the associations of ANPP with species and functional diversity, highlighting the important role of water availability or precipitation conditions in regulating the biodiversity-ANPP</span><span> relationships in temperate steppes. Overall, functional trait related to plant size plays a crucial role in modulating the response of productivity to drought across three steppe sites. Thus, to buffer the negative effects of drought on steppe ANPP should pay attention to protect the species with large plant size.</span></p>
Data and RCode used in Andraczek et al. 2024: "Weak reciprocal relationships between productivity and plant biodiversity in managed grasslands"
<p>To study the causal effects between biodiversity and productivity we collected seasonal data (in spring and summer 2020 and 2021) of both biodiversity and productivity and potential confounding variables (environmental and land-use related variables) across 150 grassland sites all being part of the Biodiversity Exploratories project (https://www.biodiversity-exploratories.de/en/), specifically, within three regions in Germany (i.e. Schorfheide-Chorin, Swabian Alb and Hainich-Dün). This dataset comprises variables collected by the BEF-Loops project (funded by DFG: Nr. 433266560, Exploratories project phase Nr. PL 891/3-1) and other projects within the Biodiversity Exploratories.</p> <p>This upload contains the following files:</p> <ol> <li>ShortTerm.seasonal_20.10.23.csv: processed data containing temporal data on biodiversity, productivity and additional abiotic and biotic covariates</li> <li>Meta data.xlsx: Meta data file for processed data</li> <li>Andraczek et al. - Processing of seasonal data.Rmd: RCode used to create processed data</li> <li>Andraczek et al. - Calculation of community weighted means of specific leaf area.Rmd: RCode used to calculate community weighted means of specific leaf area (included in processed data)</li> <li>Andraczek et al. - Main analysis.Rmd: RCode use to produce figures and results presented in main publication (including supplementary information)</li> <li>Sensitivity analysis testing the robustness of estimated effects against bias of unobserved confounding variables (using sensemakr in R)</li> </ol>
Drought-driven shifts in relationships between plant biodiversity and productivity in temperate steppes
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Data from: The importance of forest structure to biodiversity-productivity relationships
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Data from: Species richness mediates within-species nutrient resorption: implications for the biodiversity-productivity relationship
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Biodiversity-productivity relationships are key to nature-based climate solutions
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Biodiversity-productivity relationships in a natural grassland community vary under diversity loss scenarios
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Data from: Resource stoichiometry and consumers control the biodiversity-productivity relationship in pelagic metacommunities
Recent theory suggests that biodiversity and productivity are both constrained by resource supply rates and ratios, and that resource stoichiometry is the key to understand the relationship between biodiversity and productivity. We experimentally tested this theory using pelagic metacommunities. We amended existing predictions by explicitly considering evenness as biodiversity aspect and consumer instead of competitive control of algal biomass. The metacommunities received different phosphorus (P)-supply, the three patches within each metacommunity differed in nitrogen (N)-supply to create different N:P ratios (2, 16, 128). All patches were inoculated with a phytoplankton assemblage consisting of 5 species, half of the metacommunities received 2 ciliate species as consumers. At the level of the entire metacommunity, algal biomass increased whereas species richness and evenness decreased with increasing P-supply. Without consumers, resource use efficiency (RUE, realized biomass per unit P) increased with increasing richness and evenness. Consumer presence reduced overall biomass and richness and precluded a correlation between RUE and biodiversity. At the patch level, local evenness correlated to higher RUE at both imbalanced N:P ratios (2 or 128) but not at balanced N:P. In conclusion, overall P-supply constrained realized biomass and altered diversity, whereas resource stoichiometry shaped the relationship between biodiversity and RUE.
Data from: Resource stoichiometry and consumers control the biodiversity-productivity relationship in pelagic metacommunities
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