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Supporting data for "Riparian buffers can help mitigate biodiversity declines in oil palm agriculture"; doi.org/10.1002/fee.2473
<b>Description: </b><p>Ecological data underpinning the Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment publication "Riparian buffers can help mitigate biodiversity declines in oil palm agriculture" (doi.org/10.1002/fee.2473). <br><br>Data describe species abundance and community composition for 377 species and eight taxonomic groups (insect larvae, dragonflies, dung beetles, fish, frogs, birds, small mammals, large mammals) across 345 riparian sampling locations at the Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems (SAFE) project study site and surrounding oil palm plantations. Sampling locations captured four distinct riparian habitat treatments across the study site: recovering logged forest (LF), heavily disturbed forest (HDF), riparian buffers (RB) and oil palm rivers (ROP). Compositional metrics are provided for all species within a taxonomic group and forest dependent species only. Forest-dependence was defined based on the sensitivity of a species to habitat conversion according expert opinion. Riparian characteristics used as covariates in hierarchical models, defining the extent and quality of available forest habitat in the immediate vicinity of each sampling locations, are also provided. <br><br>Please note that the raw data underpinning the biodiversity summaries provided are also available for a select number of the taxonomic groups studied:<br>- Dung beetles: https://zenodo.org/record/3906118#.YTY_To5KiUk; https://zenodo.org/record/3906441#.YTY_a45KiUk<br>- Fish: https://zenodo.org/record/4072959#.YTY_pY5KiUk<br>- Frogs: https://zenodo.org/record/1995439#.YTY_z45KiUk<br><br>For specific taxonomic queries, including potential collaborations, please direct enquiries to the lead researcher of that group:<br>- Insect larave/dragonflies: Dr Sarah H. Luke<br>- Dung beetles: Asst. Prof. Eleanor M. Slade; Dr Joseph Williamson<br>- Fish: Dr Clare L. Wilkinson<br>- Frogs: Dr Oliver Konppik (contact details currently unavailable)<br>- Birds: Dr Simon L. Mitchell<br>- Small mammals: Dr Henry Bernard; Dr Matthew J. Struebig<br>- Large mammals: Dr Nicolas J. Deere; Dr Matthew J. Struebig </p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://safeproject.net/projects/project_view/26"><b>Understanding covariation between mammalian diversity and forest carbon across a human-modified tropical landscape</b></a></p><p><b>Funding: </b>These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p><ul><li>NERC (Human Modified Tropical Forests Programme, NE/K016407/1, <a href="http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/">http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/</a>)</li><li>NERC (Human Modified Tropical Forests Programme, NE/K016261/1, <a href="http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/">http://lombok.nerc-hmtf.info/</a>)</li><li>British Council and Malaysian Industry Government Group for High Technology (Newton-Ungku Omar Fund, 216433953.0, <a href="http://www.newtonfund.ac.uk/about/about-partner-countries/malaysia/">http://www.newtonfund.ac.uk/about/about-partner-countries/malaysia/</a>)</li><li>British Council and Malaysian Industry Government Group for High Technology (Newton-Ungku Omar Fund, 537134717.0, <a href="http://www.newtonfund.ac.uk/about/about-partner-countries/malaysia/">http://www.newtonfund.ac.uk/about/about-partner-countries/malaysia/</a>)</li></ul><p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p><p></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=6477764">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: FEE_DataDeposition.xlsx</p><p><b>FEE_DataDeposition.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 5 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Forest-dependence classification</b> (described in worksheet Species classification)</p><p>Description: Forest-dependence classification of 377 species based on sensitivity to habitat conversion according to expert opinion</p><p>Number of fields: 3</p><p>Number of data rows: 377</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Taxa</b>: Coarse taxonomic classification for each family/species (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Scientific_name</b>: Taxon identifier, resolved to family for insect larvae and species for all other taxonomic groups (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Habitat_specialism</b>: Degree of forest-dependence based on sensitivity to habitat conversion. NB: as insect larvae could not be reliably identified to species level, this group was excluded from classification (Field type: categorical)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Species-specific biodiversity measures</b> (described in worksheet Species data)</p><p>Description: Abundance and presence/absence data for 377 species across 334 sampling locations. These data were implemented in the meta-analysis and abundance-related components of the publication</p><p>Number of fields: 6</p><p>Number of data rows: 39460</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site_ID</b>: Unique alphanumeric identifier of riparian sampling locations (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Treatment</b>: Riparian habitat treatment within which sampling was conducted: LF = recovering logged forest; HDF = heavily disturbed forest; RR = riparian reserve; ROP = oil palm river (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Taxa</b>: Coarse taxonomic classification for each family/species (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Scientific_name</b>: Taxon identifier, resolved to family for insect larvae and species for all other taxonomic groups (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Abundance</b>: Relative abundance of the family/species at the sampling location (Field type: abundance)</li><li><b>Spp_Present</b>: Presence/absence of family/species at the sampling location (Field type: abundance)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Community intactness measures (all species)</b> (described in worksheet Community data (all species))</p><p>Description: Community composition metrics for eight taxonomic groups across plantation rivers (RR and ROP). All species present in the community were included in the calculation of these measures</p><p>Number of fields: 5</p><p>Number of data rows: 276</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site_ID</b>: Unique alphanumeric identifier of riparian sampling locations (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Taxa</b>: Taxon identifier, resolved to family for insect larvae and species for all other taxonomic groups (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Rarefied_SpeciesRichness</b>: Community-level metric representing the number of unique species encountered at a sampling location (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Relative_Richness</b>: Relative measure of community intactness representing the proportion of species found at a sampling species compared to the mean rarefied richness observed at recovering logged forest sites (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Sorensen_Similarity</b>: Relative measure of cimmunity intactness representing compositional similarity between the sampling location and average community composition across recovering logged forest sites. The index ranges from zero (complete taxonomic seperation) to one (identical community structure) (Field type: numeric trait)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Community intactness measures (forest-dependents)</b> (described in worksheet Community data (for. dependent))</p><p>Description: Community composition metrics for eight taxonomic groups across plantation rivers (RR and ROP). Only forest-dependent species were included in the calculation of these measures</p><p>Number of fields: 5</p><p>Number of data rows: 276</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site_ID</b>: Unique alphanumeric identifier of riparian sampling locations (Field type: location)</li><li><b>Taxa</b>: Taxon identifier, resolved to family for insect larvae and species for all other taxonomic groups (Field type: taxa)</li><li><b>Rarefied_SpeciesRichness</b>: Community-level metric representing the number of unique species encountered at a sampling location (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Relative_Richness</b>: Relative measure of community intactness representing the proportion of species found at a sampling species compared to the mean rarefied richness observed at recovering logged forest sites (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>Sorensen_Similarity</b>: Relative measure of cimmunity intactness representing compositional similarity between the sampling location and average community composition across recovering logged forest sites. The index ranges from zero (complete taxonomic seperation) to one (identical community structure) (Field type: numeric trait)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Site-specific riparian characteristics</b> (described in worksheet Site covariates)</p><p>Description: Riparian characteristics describing the extent and quality of available forest habitat across 334 sampling locations</p><p>Number of fields: 10</p><p>Number of data rows: 329</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Site_ID</b>: Unique alphanumeric identifier of riparian sampling locations (Field type: location)</li><li><b>fSite</b>: Numeric identifier used to group sampling locations from the same river. Implemented to define spatial random effects in hierarchical models. Only relevant for plantation rivers (RR and ROP) (Field type: id)</li><li><b>Treatment</b>: Riparian habitat treatment within which sampling was conducted: LF = recovering logged forest; HDF = heavily disturbed forest; RR = riparian reserve; ROP = oil palm river (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>Reserve_Width</b>: Terrestrial width of riparian buffer. Only relevant for plantation rivers (RR and ROP) (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>AGB_30m</b>: Forest quality in the immediate vicinity of the sampling location. Quality is expressed using above ground biomass, which reflects stand structural integrity (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>AGB_50m</b>: Forest quality in the immediate vicinity of the sampling location. Quality is expressed using above ground biomass, which reflects stand structural integrity (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>AGB_100m</b>: Forest quality in the immediate vicinity of the sampling location. Quality is expressed using above ground biomass, which reflects stand structural integrity (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>AGB_250m</b>: Forest quality in the immediate vicinity of the sampling location. Quality is expressed using above ground biomass, which reflects stand structural integrity (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>AGB_500m</b>: Forest quality in the immediate vicinity of the sampling location. Quality is expressed using above ground biomass, which reflects stand structural integrity (Field type: numeric)</li><li><b>ForCov</b>: Proportion of available forest habitat at the scale of water catchment (Field type: numeric)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2011-04-01 to 2018-03-31</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.3000 to 4.8100</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>117.1500 to 117.7000</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Animalia <br> -  -  Arthropoda <br> -  -  -  Insecta <br> -  -  -  -  Odonata <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calopterygidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurobasis longipes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chlorogomphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euphaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea impar</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Euphaea subcostalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dysphaea dimidiata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gomphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ictinogomphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ictinogomphus decoratus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Libellulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cratilla lineata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis aurora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trithemis festiva</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum chrysis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum glaucum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthetrum testaceum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis fluctuans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neurothemis ramburii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onychothemis culminicola</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zygonyx iris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Platycnemididae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copera vittata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Coenagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pseudagrion pilidorsum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chlorocyphidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha aurofulgens</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinocypha humeralis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Heliocypha biseriata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Libellago semiopaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Protoneuridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prodasineura verticalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Megapodagrionidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinagrion elopurae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Elmidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Gyrinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Psephenidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scirtidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus hidakai</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Microcopris hidakai</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus arayai</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus deliensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus diabolicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus hidakai</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus kawaharai</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Onthophagus (aff) liliputanus] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus limbatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rutilans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus phanaeides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rutilans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Onthophagus (aff) tridentitibialus] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Onthophagus (agg) indachorius] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus pacificus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus angustatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus aphodioides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus aurifex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus batillifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus brendelli</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus cervicapra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus deflexicollis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus dux</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus fujiii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus incisus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus johkii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus laevis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus muelleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus nigriobscurior</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  [Onthophagus nr. borneensis] <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus obscurior</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus ochromerus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus pastillatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus pavidus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus peninsularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rorarius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rudis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus rugicollis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus sarawacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus semiaureus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus semicupreus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus taeniatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus trituber</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus vulpes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus waterstradti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Yvescambefortius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Yvescambefortius sarawacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris agnus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris ramosiceps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copris sinicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Oniticellus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Oniticellus tessellatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon woroae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon dytiscoides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ochicanthon masumotoi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microcopris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microcopris doriae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Synapsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Synapsis ritsemae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Proagoderus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Proagoderus watanabei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sisyphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sisyphus thoracicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caccobius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caccobius bawangensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius dayacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Catharsius renaudpauliani</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus maurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus sparsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paragymnopleurus striatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Megaloptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Corydalidae <br> -  -  -  -  Trichoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Calamoceratidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ecnomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hydropsychidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptoceridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Philopotamidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Polycentropodidae <br> -  -  -  -  Ephemeroptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Baetidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Caenidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ephemerellidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Euthyplociidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Heptageniidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Leptophlebiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Teloganodidae <br> -  -  -  -  Diptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ceratopogonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chironomidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Simuliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tipulidae <br> -  -  -  -  Lepidoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Crambidae <br> -  -  -  -  Plecoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Perlidae <br> -  -  Chordata <br> -  -  -  Actinopterygii <br> -  -  -  -  Anguilliformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Anguillidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anguilla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anguilla borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anguilla marmorata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Perciformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Channidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Channa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Channa striata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Osphronemidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Betta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Betta unimaculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Siluriformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bagridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemibagrus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemibagrus baramensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemibagrus fortis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Clariidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Clarias</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Clarias anfractus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Synbranchiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mastacembelidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mastacembelus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mastacembelus unicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macrognathus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macrognathus keithi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Cypriniformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cyprinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rasbora</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rasbora elegans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rasbora hubbsi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rasbora pycnopeza</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anematichthys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anematichthys repasson</i> (as synonym: <i>Cyclocheilichthys repasson</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Crossocheilus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Crossocheilus elegans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Garra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Garra borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Luciosoma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Luciosoma pellegrinii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tor tambra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Puntius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Puntius sealei</i> (as synonym: <i>Barbodes sealei</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nematabramis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nematabramis everetti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptobarbus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptobarbus melanotaenia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Osteochilus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Osteochilus chini</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Osteochilus ingeri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lobocheilos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lobocheilos erinaceus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lobocheilos unicornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Barbonymus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Barbonymus balleroides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hampala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hampala sabana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nemacheilidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nemacheilus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nemacheilus olivaceus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Balitoridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Protomyzon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Protomyzon borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Protomyzon griswoldi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Homalopteroides</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Homalopteroides stephensoni</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gastromyzon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gastromyzon ingeri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gastromyzon lepidogaster</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parhomaloptera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Parhomaloptera microstoma</i> <br> -  -  -  Aves <br> -  -  -  -  <i>Microtarsus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microtarsus atriceps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microtarsus eutilotus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Columbiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Columbidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chalcophaps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chalcophaps indica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Streptopelia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Streptopelia chinensis</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Spilopelia chinensis</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  Psittaciformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Psittacidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Loriculus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Loriculus galgulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Psittacula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Psittacula longicauda</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Trogoniformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Trogonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Harpactes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Harpactes diardii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Harpactes duvaucelii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Harpactes kasumba</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Galliformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Phasianidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Argusianus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Argusianus argus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Accipitriformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Accipitridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Spilornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Spilornis cheela</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Apodiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hemiprocnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemiprocne</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemiprocne comata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Apodidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Collocalia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Collocalia affinis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Collocalia sp.</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhaphidura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhaphidura leucopygialis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Coraciiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Alcedinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ceyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ceyx erithaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ceyx erithaca erithaca</i> (as synonym: <i>Ceyx rufidorsa</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alcedo</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alcedo euryzona</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alcedo meninting</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Todiramphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Todiramphus chloris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Meropidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nyctyornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nyctyornis amictus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Merops</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Merops viridis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Bucerotiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bucerotidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinoplax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinoplax vigil</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anorrhinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anorrhinus galeritus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhyticeros</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhyticeros undulatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anthracoceros</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anthracoceros malayanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Buceros</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Buceros rhinoceros</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Passeriformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Timaliidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pomatorhinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pomatorhinus bornensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macronus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macronus ptilosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyris maculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyris nigricollis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Stachyris poliocephala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyanoderma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyanoderma erythropterum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyanoderma rufifrons</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mixornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mixornis gularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pityriaseidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pityriasis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pityriasis gymnocephala</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dicruridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicrurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicrurus paradiseus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hirundinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hirundo</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hirundo rustica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hirundo tahitica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Chloropseidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chloropsis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chloropsis cyanopogon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chloropsis sonnerati</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Phylloscopidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Seicercus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Seicercus borealis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Monarchidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhipidura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhipidura javanica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhipidura perlata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Terpsiphone</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Terpsiphone paradisi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Terpsiphone paradisi affinis</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Terpsiphone affinis</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hypothymis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hypothymis azurea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Irenidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Irena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Irena puella</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Aegithinidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aegithina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aegithina viridissima</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Eurylaimidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eurylaimus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eurylaimus javanicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eurylaimus ochromalus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corydon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corydon sumatranus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Calyptomena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Calyptomena viridis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Sturnidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aplonis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aplonis panayensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gracula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gracula religiosa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Stenostiridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Culicicapa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Culicicapa ceylonensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dicaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicaeum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dicaeum trigonostigma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionochilus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionochilus maculatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionochilus xanthopygius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Acanthizidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gerygone</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Gerygone sulphurea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Muscicapidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichixos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichixos pyrropygus</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Copsychus pyrropygus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muscicapa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muscicapa dauurica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyornis superbus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cyornis turcosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copsychus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copsychus saularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Copsychus stricklandii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinomyias</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinomyias umbratilis</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Cyornis umbratilis</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eumyias</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Eumyias thalassinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Enicurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Enicurus borneensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Enicurus ruficapillus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Nectariniidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arachnothera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arachnothera everetti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arachnothera flavigaster</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arachnothera hypogrammicum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arachnothera longirostra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aethopyga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aethopyga siparaja</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptocoma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptocoma brasiliana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anthreptes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anthreptes malacensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Anthreptes simplex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chalcoparia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chalcoparia singalensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pycnonotidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alophoixus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alophoixus finschii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alophoixus phaeocephalus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alophoixus tephrogenys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ixos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ixos malaccensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Iole</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Iole olivacea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Iole olivacea charlottae</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Iole charlottae</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus goiavier</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus brunneus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus erythropthalmos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus plumosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pycnonotus simplex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tricholestes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tricholestes criniger</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Campephagidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pericrocotus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pericrocotus flammeus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pericrocotus igneus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cisticolidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthotomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthotomus atrogularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthotomus ruficeps</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Orthotomus sericeus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prinia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prinia flaviventris</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tephrodornithidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tephrodornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tephrodornis virgatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philentoma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philentoma pyrhoptera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philentoma velata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemipus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemipus hirundinaceus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemipus picatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Corvidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Platysmurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Platysmurus aterrimus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corvus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Corvus enca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Platylophus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Platylophus galericulatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pellorneidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Turdinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Turdinus sepiarius</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum bicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum capistratum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum malaccense</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pellorneum rostratum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron affine</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron cinereum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron magnirostre</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Malacopteron magnum</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alcippe</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Alcippe brunneicauda</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kenopia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Kenopia striata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ptilocichla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ptilocichla leucogrammica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Estrildidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lonchura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lonchura atricapilla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lonchura fuscans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Pittidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pitta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pitta sordida</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pitta granatina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pitta granatina ussheri</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Erythropitta ussheri</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  Oriolidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Oriolus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Oriolus xanthonotus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Piciformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Picidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sasia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sasia abnormis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Blythipicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Blythipicus rubiginosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemicircus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemicircus concretus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Meiglyptes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Meiglyptes tristis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Celeus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Celeus brachyurus</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Micropternus brachyurus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dinopium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Dinopium rafflesii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ramphastidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalaima</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalaima australis</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Psilopogon australis</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalaima chrysopogon</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Psilopogon chrysopogon</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalaima henricii</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Psilopogon henricii</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megalaima mystacophanos</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Psilopogon mystacophanos</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caloramphus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Caloramphus fuliginosus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Cuculiformes <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cuculidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinortha</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhinortha chlorophaea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Centropus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Centropus bengalensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Centropus rectunguis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Centropus sinensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrysococcyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cacomantis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cacomantis merulinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Cacomantis sonneratii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zanclostomus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Zanclostomus curvirostris</i> (as synonym: <i>Phaenicophaeus curvirostris</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhopodytes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhopodytes diardi</i> (as synonym: <i>Phaenicophaeus diardi</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  <i>Hydrornis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hydrornis baudii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hydrornis schwaneri</i> <br> -  -  -  Mammalia <br> -  -  -  -  Proboscidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Elephantidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elephas</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elephas maximus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Rodentia <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hystricidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichys fasciculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix brachyura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix crassispinis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Sciuridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callosciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callosciurus notatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lariscus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lariscus hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheithrosciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheithrosciurus macrotis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus hippurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus lowii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus tenuis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Muridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrotomys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrotomys whiteheadi</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Maxomys whiteheadi</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus exulans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus rattus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus tiomanicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys baeodon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys ochraceiventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys rajah</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys surifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Niviventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Niviventer cremoriventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundamys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundamys muelleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Haeromys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Haeromys margarettae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leopoldamys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leopoldamys sabanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Primates <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hominidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pongo</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pongo pygmaeus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cercopithecidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis rubicunda</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca fascicularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca nemestrina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Carnivora <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ursidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Helarctos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Helarctos malayanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Viverridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arctictis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arctictis binturong</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionodon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionodon linsang</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Viverra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Viverra tangalunga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemigalus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemigalus derbyanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paguma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paguma larvata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paradoxurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paradoxurus hermaphroditus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mustelidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Martes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Martes flavigula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lutrogale</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lutrogale perspicillata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aonyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aonyx cinereus</i> (as synonym: <i>Amblonyx cinereus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  Felidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionailurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionailurus bengalensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pardofelis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pardofelis marmorata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neofelis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neofelis diardi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mephitidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mydaus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mydaus javanensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Herpestidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes brachyurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes semitorquatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Erinaceomorpha <br> -  -  -  -  -  Erinaceidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Echinosorex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Echinosorex gymnura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Scandentia <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tupaiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia glis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia gracilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia minor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia tana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Pholidota <br> -  -  -  -  -  Manidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Manis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Manis javanica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Artiodactyla <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tragulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus kanchil</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus napu</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cervidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus atherodes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus muntjak</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rusa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rusa unicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Suidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sus barbatus</i> <br> -  -  -  Mammalia <br> -  -  -  -  Proboscidea <br> -  -  -  -  -  Elephantidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elephas</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Elephas maximus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Rodentia <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hystricidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Trichys fasciculata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix brachyura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hystrix crassispinis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Sciuridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callosciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Callosciurus notatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lariscus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lariscus hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheithrosciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rheithrosciurus macrotis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus hippurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus lowii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundasciurus tenuis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Muridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrotomys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chrotomys whiteheadi</i> (as homotypic_synonym: <i>Maxomys whiteheadi</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus exulans</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus rattus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rattus tiomanicus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys baeodon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys ochraceiventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys rajah</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Maxomys surifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Niviventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Niviventer cremoriventer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundamys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sundamys muelleri</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Haeromys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Haeromys margarettae</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leopoldamys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leopoldamys sabanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Primates <br> -  -  -  -  -  Hominidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pongo</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pongo pygmaeus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cercopithecidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis hosei</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Presbytis rubicunda</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca fascicularis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Macaca nemestrina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Carnivora <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ursidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Helarctos</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Helarctos malayanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Viverridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arctictis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Arctictis binturong</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionodon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionodon linsang</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Viverra</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Viverra tangalunga</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemigalus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hemigalus derbyanus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paguma</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paguma larvata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paradoxurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Paradoxurus hermaphroditus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mustelidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Martes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Martes flavigula</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lutrogale</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Lutrogale perspicillata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aonyx</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Aonyx cinereus</i> (as synonym: <i>Amblonyx cinereus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  Felidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionailurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Prionailurus bengalensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pardofelis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pardofelis marmorata</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neofelis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Neofelis diardi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Mephitidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mydaus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Mydaus javanensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Herpestidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes brachyurus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Herpestes semitorquatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Erinaceomorpha <br> -  -  -  -  -  Erinaceidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Echinosorex</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Echinosorex gymnura</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Scandentia <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tupaiidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia glis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia gracilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia minor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tupaia tana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Pholidota <br> -  -  -  -  -  Manidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Manis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Manis javanica</i> <br> -  -  -  -  Artiodactyla <br> -  -  -  -  -  Tragulidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus kanchil</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Tragulus napu</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Cervidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus atherodes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Muntiacus muntjak</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rusa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rusa unicolor</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Suidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Sus barbatus</i> <br> -  -  -  Amphibia <br> -  -  -  -  Anura <br> -  -  -  -  -  Microhylidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microhyla</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Microhyla petrigena</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chaperina</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Chaperina fusca</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Bufonidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pedostibes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Pedostibes hosii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phrynoidis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Phrynoidis juxtaspera</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ansonia</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ansonia leptopus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ansonia spinulifer</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Megophryidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptolalax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptolalax gracilis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptobrachium</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Leptobrachium abbotti</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megophrys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Megophrys nasuta</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Rhacophoridae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedates</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedates leucomystax</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedates macrotis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Polypedates otilophus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhacophorus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhacophorus gauni</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhacophorus harrissoni</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Rhacophorus pardalis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philautus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philautus hosii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Philautus tectus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nyctixalus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Nyctixalus pictus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Dicroglossidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ingerana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Ingerana baluensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes finchi</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes kuhlii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes leporinus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Limnonectes paramacrodon</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Fejervarya</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Fejervarya limnocharis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  Ranidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Meristogenys</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Meristogenys orphnocnemis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Staurois</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Staurois guttatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Staurois latopalmatus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Odorrana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Odorrana hosii</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hylarana</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hylarana erythraea</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hylarana megalonesa</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hylarana nicobariensis</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Hylarana picturata</i> <br></div><p></p>
Abundance decline in the avifauna of the European Union reveals global similarities in biodiversity change: Input datasets & species results
<p>This archive contain the two input datasets of bird population estimates and trend estimates underpinning the journal article: <strong>Abundance decline in the avifauna of the European Union reveals global similarities in biodiversity change. </strong>It also contains the species level results obtained from the Bayesian hierarchical model described in section 2.2.1 of the paper.</p>
Large wild herbivores slow down the rapid decline of plant diversity in a tropical forest biodiversity hotspot
<p>1. The UN declaration of the Decade of Ecosystem Restoration 2021-2030 emphasizes the need for effective measures to restore ecosystems and safeguard biodiversity. Large herbivores regulate many ecosystem processes and functions, yet their potential as a nature-based solution to buffer against long-term temporal declines in biodiversity associated to global change and restore diversity in secondary forests remains unknown.</p> <p>2. By means of an exclusion experiment, we tested experimentally the buffering effects of large wild herbivores to avert against long-term biodiversity collapse in old-growth and secondary tropical forests in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil where sapling abundance and species richness declined circa 20% over the course of 10 years. The experiment comprised 50 large herbivore exclosure-open control plot pairs (25 at the old-growth forest and 25 at the secondary forest), where 2m2 were monitored in every plot during a 10-year period.</p> <p>3. Large herbivores were able to decelerate diversity declines and compositional change in the species-rich old-growth forest, but only decelerated compositional change in the secondary forest. In contrast, declines in species richness and abundance were unaffected by large herbivores on either forest.</p> <p>4. The buffering effects of large herbivores were strongly non-linear and contingent on the initial level of diversity at the patch scale: highly diverse communities suffered the strongest collapse in the absence of large herbivores. Thus, larger buffering effects of large herbivores on the old growth forest are the logical consequence of large herbivores buffering the many high diversity plant communities found in this forest. Conversely, as the secondary forest held fewer high diversity patches, buffering effects on the secondary forest were weak.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and applications: Our study indicates that large herbivores have moderate yet critical effects on slowing down community change and diversity loss of highly diverse plant communities, thus suggesting that the conservation of (and potentially trophic rewilding with) large herbivores is a fundamental nature-based solution for averting the global collapse of the strongholds of biodiversity. Its buffering effects on biodiversity loss operate at very small spatial scales, are likely contingent on successional stage, and most effective in old-growth or high diversity secondary forests.</p>
Afforestation and abandonment of semi-natural grasslands lead to biodiversity loss and a decline in ecosystem services and functions
<p>1. During the past century, semi-natural grasslands, once widespread throughout Europe, have largely been converted into intensively managed agricultural areas, abandoned or afforested. These large-scale land-use changes have already resulted in considerable biodiversity loss but can also lead to a decline in ecosystem service provision and ecosystem multifunctionality.</p> <p>2. We assessed the impact of afforestation and abandonment of semi-natural grasslands on the supply of ecosystem services in Western Estonia. We compared a wide array of services provided by open grasslands, abandoned grasslands, and afforested grasslands. Additionally, we analysed the impact of land-use change and species richness on ecosystem multifunctionality.</p> <p>3. Significant declines in the supply of pollination service, natural pest regulation, forage production, soil quality, wild food, and cultural appreciation of landscape were detected as a result of overgrowing or afforestation.</p> <p>4. There was a significant positive relationship between species richness and ecosystem multifunctionality, i.e. more biodiverse grasslands were able to support more services at a higher capacity.</p> <p>5. Results show that both grassland degradation due to abandonment, as well as grassland afforestation, have significant negative impacts on biodiversity, on the supply of multiple important ecosystem services and on the ecosystem multifunctionality.</p> <p>6. Synthesis and applications. Temperate semi-natural grasslands have high biodiversity and capacity to deliver multiple important ecosystem services simultaneously. Conservation and restoration of grassland habitats must be considered as an important part of sustainable landscape planning.</p>
Data from: Enigmatic freshwater mussel declines could be explained by the biodiversity-disease relationship
<p>The biodiversity-disease relationship states that increased species richness leads to lower pathogen pressure (i.e., the dilution effect), an effect that erodes with biodiversity loss. However, whether losses of the dilution effect can trigger extinction cascades remains largely unexplored.</p> <p>To explore this idea, we consider declines in freshwater mussels, on average the most threatened non-marine group of organisms in the world. We argue that anthropogenically-stimulated declines in mussel richness amplify pathogens in remaining species. Pathogen amplification triggers further local losses in both mussel abundance and richness, explaining the observed so-called "enigmatic" declines in freshwater mussels. </p> <p>Vulnerable communities could become trapped in cycles of pathogen amplification and host decline. We highlight knowledge gaps and provide key steps to assess the likelihood of this occurring; these key steps are applicable to any host group. </p> <p><em>Policy implications</em>. Our argument constitutes a testable hypothesis that may explain richness or abundance declines in previously intact communities. We provide further impetus for the consideration and preservation of diversity at a local scale, and show that effective conservation requires integration of both host and parasite ecology.</p>
Earthworm invasion causes declines across soil fauna size classes and biodiversity facets in northern North American forests
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Large wild herbivores slow down the rapid decline of plant diversity in a tropical forest biodiversity hotspot
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Afforestation and abandonment of semi-natural grasslands lead to biodiversity loss and a decline in ecosystem services and functions
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Data from: Enigmatic freshwater mussel declines could be explained by the biodiversity-disease relationship
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Past and future decline of tropical pelagic biodiversity
<p>A major research question concerning global pelagic biodiversity remains unanswered: when did the apparent tropical biodiversity depression (i.e., bimodality of latitudinal diversity gradient [LDG]) begin? The bimodal LDG may be a consequence of recent ocean warming or of deep-time evolutionary speciation and extinction processes. Using rich time-slice datasets of planktonic foraminifers, we show here that a unimodal (or only weakly bimodal) diversity gradient, with a plateau in the tropics, occurred during the last ice age and has since then developed into a bimodal gradient through species distribution shifts driven by postglacial ocean warming. The bimodal LDG likely emerged before the Anthropocene (here defined as ∼1950) and perhaps ∼15,000 y ago, indicating a strong environmental control of tropical diversity even before the start of anthropogenic warming. However, our model projections suggest future anthropogenic warming further diminishes tropical pelagic diversity to a level not seen in millions of years.</p>
Data from: Long-term monitoring data provide evidence of declining species richness in a river valued for biodiversity conservation
Free-flowing river segments provide refuges for many imperiled aquatic biota that have been extirpated elsewhere in their native ranges. These biodiversity refuges are also foci of conservation concerns because species persisting within isolated habitat fragments may be particularly vulnerable to local environmental change. We have analyzed long-term (14- and 20-year) survey data to assess evidence of fish species declines in two southeastern U.S. rivers where managers and stakeholders have identified potentially detrimental impacts of current and future land uses. The Conasauga River (Georgia and Tennessee) and the Etowah River (Georgia) form free-flowing headwaters of the extensively dammed Coosa River system. These rivers are valued in part because they harbor multiple species of conservation concern, including three federally endangered and two federally threatened fishes. We have used data sets comprising annual surveys for fish species at multiple, fixed sites located at river shoals to analyze occupancy dynamics and temporal changes in species richness. Our analyses incorporate repeated site-specific surveys in some years to estimate and account for incomplete species detection, and test for species-specific (rarity, mainstem-restriction) and year-specific (elevated frequencies of low- or high-flow days) covariates on occupancy dynamics. In the Conasauga River, analysis of 26 species at 13 sites shows evidence of temporal declines in colonization rates for nearly all taxa, accompanied by declining species richness. Four taxa (including one federally endangered species) have reduced occupancy across the Conasauga study sites, with three of these taxa apparently absent for at least the last 5 years of the study. In contrast, a similar fauna of 28 taxa at 10 sites in the Etowah River shows no trends in species persistence, colonization or occupancy. None of the tested covariates show strong effects on persistence or colonization rates in either river. Previous studies and observations identify contaminants, nutrient loading, or changes in benthic habitat as possible causes for fish species declines in the Conasauga River. Our analysis provides baseline information that could be used to assess effectiveness of future management actions in the Conasauga or Etowah rivers, and illustrates the use of dynamic occupancy models to evaluate evidence of faunal decline from time-series data.
Plant biodiversity declines with increasing coffee yield in Ethiopia's coffee agroforests
<p>1. Tropical agroforestry systems provide farmers with resources for their livelihoods, but are also well recognized as refuges for biodiversity. However, the relationship between yield and biodiversity might be negative in these systems, reflecting a potential trade-off between managing for increased yield or biodiversity. The potential for synergies will depend partly on the shape of the biodiversity-yield relationship, where a concave relationship suggests a faster decline of biodiversity with increasing yields than a linear or convex shape. 2. We studied the relationship between biodiversity (plant species richness and composition) and coffee yield along a gradient of management in southwestern Ethiopia, coffee's native range. We inventoried species richness and community composition of woody plants, herbaceous plants and bryophytes at 60 sites. We also measured coffee management-related variables and assessed coffee yield for three consecutive years at each site. 3. Species richness of woody plants had a concave relationship with coffee yield, i.e. tree richness declined fast initially before levelling out at higher yields, whereas there was no relationship between coffee yield and species richness of herbaceous plants or bryophytes. Species composition of woody plants, herbaceous plants and bryophytes all had a concave relationship with coffee yield. 4. From a methodological perspective, we found that multi-year data on yield was necessary to reliably assess the relationship between biodiversity and yield, and that the number of coffee shrubs or coffee dominance were poor proxies for yield when trying to capture the biodiversity-yield relationship. 5. Synthesis and applications: The concave relationship between biodiversity components (species richness and composition) and yield suggests that there is a strong conflict between the goals of increasing production and conserving biodiversity. However, it is important to recognize that this pattern is largely driven by the very low-yielding sites in natural forests. Here, even minor intensification of coffee management seems to rapidly erode biodiversity. Along the rest of the productivity gradient, there was generally no negative relationship between yield and biodiversity, implying opportunities for developing strategies for increasing yields without biodiversity loss.</p>
Data from: Long-term monitoring data provide evidence of declining species richness in a river valued for biodiversity conservation
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Data from: Genetic diversity loss in a biodiversity hotspot: ancient DNA quantifies genetic decline and former connectivity in a critically endangered marsupial.
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Past and future decline of tropical pelagic biodiversity
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Data from: Targeting global conservation funding to limit immediate biodiversity declines
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Plant biodiversity declines with increasing coffee yield in Ethiopia’s coffee agroforests
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Raw data for: "Abrupt declines marine phytoplankton production driven by warming and biodiversity loss in a microcosm experiment"
<p><strong>Raw data for the article:</strong> Bestion, E, Barton, S, García, FC, Warfield, R, Yvon-Durocher, G (2020). Abrupt declines in marine phytoplankton production driven by warming and biodiversity loss in a microcosm experiment. Ecology Letters. 2020.</p> <p><br> <strong>This data should be cited as:</strong> Bestion, E, Barton, S, García, FC, Warfield, R, Yvon-Durocher, G (2020). Raw data for: "Abrupt declines marine phytoplankton production driven by warming and biodiversity loss in a microcosm experiment" [Data set]. Bestion et al 2020 Ecology Letters. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3555223<br> -----------------------------</p> <p><strong>The data is composed of two datasets:</strong><br> -----------------------------------------<br> - Biodiversity_ecosystem_function_data.csv<br> - Cell_traits_data.csv</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Composition of the Biodiversity ecosystem function dataset</strong><br> ------------------------------------------------------------<br> The dataset contains 27 columns<br> - Temperature: the temperature treatment, either 15, 25or 30°C<br> - R: the community richness (1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 species)<br> - log2_R: the log2-scaled richness<br> - M: the community identity (e.g. ABCD is a community composed of 4 species, species A, B, C and D)<br> - P: the partition id (5 independent partitions of the species pool were drawn, following Bell et al 2009)<br> - Q: the partitioned species pool id (following Bell et al 2009)<br> - R: the replicate id (3 replicates per community within a partition, named 1 to 3)<br> - SA to SP: the species presence-absence status for each of the 16 species (species A to species P), with 1: species present within the community, 0: species absent<br> - Abundance: number of cells per ml at the end of the experiment<br> - ln_Abundance: log-transformed Abundance<br> - Chl_a : chlorophyll a content at the end of the experiment in pg ml-1<br> - ln_Chl_a : log-transformed chlorophyll a</p> <p><br> <strong>Composition of the Cell traits dataset</strong><br> -----------------------------------------<br> The dataset contains 9 columns<br> - Species_alpha: the alphanumeric id of the species used in the Biodiversity ecosystem function dataset<br> - Species_name: species identity<br> - Phylum: the phylum<br> - ln.c: the ln transformed metabolic rate b(Tc) at the reference temperature Tc = 293.15°K from the Sharpe-Schoolfield equation (eq. 4 in the article) in µgO2 cell-1 hour-1<br> - Ea: the activation energy (eV) from the Sharpe-Schoolfield equation<br> - Eh: the deactivation energy (eV) from the Sharpe-Schoolfield equation<br> - Th: the temperature at which half of the enzyme have become non functional (°K) from the Scharpe-Schoolfield equation<br> - Topt: the optimum temperature from differentiating the Sharpe-Schoolfield equation. It is presented in °C to be easier to link to the temperature treatments in the experiment<br> - cell_volume: the cell volume, in µm3</p>
Data from: Invasion status and phylogenetic relatedness predict cost of heterospecific pollen receipt: implications for native biodiversity decline
Understanding the mechanisms by which invasive species affect native plants is a central challenge. Invasive plants have been shown to reduce pollinator visitation to natives and increase pollen quantity limitation. However, visitation and conspecific pollen delivery are only two components of the pollination process; post-pollination interactions on the stigma (heterospecific pollen [HP] receipt) could intensify pre-pollination responses to invasion. Here we used meta-analysis to test the hypotheses that invasive plants are more detrimental as HP donors than natives ones, and that HP donors that are closely related to the recipients have stronger effects on fruit and seed production compared to distantly related ones. Invasive HP donors reduced fruit and seed production of recipients to a greater degree than native ones, and this was more intense for HP donors closely related to natives. Related donors were more detrimental overall. Synthesis: These results suggest that the total effect of invasive plants on native plant reproductive success could be greater than what is inferred from visitation and conspecific pollen transfer alone. Furthermore, these results indicate that invasive species can reduce reproductive success of native species even if pollinator visitation rates remain unaltered. Thus, we highlight the need to evaluate pre- and post-pollination processes in order to fully understand the potential effects of invasive species on the reproductive success and maintenance of native plant populations.
Data from: The decline in plant biodiversity slows down soil carbon turnover under increasing nitrogen deposition in a temperate steppe
1. Nitrogen (N) deposition not only alters the physiological processes of individual plant, but also leads to worldwide biodiversity loss. However, little is known about how the hierarchical responses from individual physiological processes to plant community structure would have cascading effects on soil carbon (C) cycling. 2. Here, we assessed whether changes in plant chemistry and community composition under increasing N input would affect the turnover rate of litter layer and soil C loss via heterotrophic respiration (Rh) in a temperate grassland. 3. We showed that more than a decade's N addition significantly decreased plant species richness, litter layer turnover rate and Rh. The 13C-NMR results showed that, for individual species, N addition either increased the abundance of recalcitrant C groups such as Alkyl and Methoxyl, or decreased labile C groups such as Carbohydrate, resulting in decreases in Carbohydrate C to Methoxyl C ratio (CC/MC) for most species. Our data also showed that with the increase in N deposition, the abundance of relatively high degradable dominant species, such as A. cristatum and A. frigida declined rapidly, and the relatively recalcitrant species such as P. bifurca and L. chinensis become dominate. Changes in individual species' chemistry and plant community composition significantly decreased litter quality at community level, as indicated by the lower community level CC/MC at higher N addition rates. 4. The result of step-AIC model selection further found that plant diversity loss and the decrease in community level CC/MC jointly best explained the decrease in Rh after N addition, and further relative importance partition result showed that these two factors respectively contributed 65.1% and 34.9% of the explained variation. 5. Overall, we demonstrated that changes in plant chemistry and diversity loss due to N addition reduced the quality of plant C input to soil, which further slowed down litter layer turnover rate and inhibited soil heterotrophic respiration. Our study complements the intermediate links of how shifts in plant community structure regulates soil C cycle under global changes.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.