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83 results for “biodiversity experiment”
Plant community responses to functional group and species removals along biodiversity experiment vegetation transects at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1997-2002
This dataset contains vegetative cover data of plots that have had various plant functional groups or species experimentally removed at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, USA. This data was collected with the objective to distinguish the differential effects of plant community biomass, functional groups, and biodiversity within functional groups on ecosystem and plant community function. To make these distinctions, treatments were established by the selective removal of plant species or functional groups within experimental plots. There are eight treatments: control (C, no removals); four functional group removal treatments (PG, perennial grass removed; S, shrubs removed; SSh, subshrubs removed; Succ, succulents removed), and three species richness manipulation treatments. Richness manipulations included a simplified treatment (Simp), where only the single most abundant species of each growth form is preserved and all other species in the growth form are removed, a reduced‐Larrea treatment (rL), where the Larrea is assumed to be the dominant and is removed while minority components remain, and a reduced-Prosopsis treatment (rP), where Prosopis rather than Larrea is removed as the shrub dominant. Following treatments, vegetative data was collected by sampling each plot along three transects twice a year (Spring and Fall) for 5 years from 1997-2002 (no data collected in 1998). This data set consists of the date of collection, plot number, treatment type, transect number, quadrat number, species codes, two diameters, height, condition, count, record IDs, and error codes. This study is complete.
Biomass removal at the initiation of a biodiversity experiment at the Jornada Basin LTER site in 1995
This dataset contains data on vegetation biomass removed from treatment plots during the establishment of a biodiversity experiment at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, USA. In fall of 1995, various combinations of plant functional groups or species were experimentally removed from 25 x 25 meter plots with the objective to distinguish the differential effects of plant community biomass, functional groups, and biodiversity within functional groups on ecosystem and plant community function. Eight different treatments were established with selective removal of species or functional groups: control (C, no removals); four functional group removal treatments (PG, perennial grass removed; S, shrubs removed; SSh, subshrubs removed; Succ, succulents removed), and three species richness manipulation treatments. Richness manipulations included a simplified treatment (Simp), where only the single most abundant species of each growth form is preserved and all other species in the growth form are removed, a reduced‐Larrea treatment (rL), where the Larrea is assumed to be the dominant and is removed while minority components remain, and a reduced-Prosopsis treatment (rP), where Prosopis rather than Larrea is removed as the shrub dominant. The amount of plant material removed during the establishment of these treatments was recorded for later use as covariate or measure of disturbance. Removed fresh material was weighed in the field by species, then converted to dry mass using a subset of removed plot vegetation that was oven-dried and weighed in the lab. Variables in this file summarize the dry mass of plants removed by growth form (functional group, i.e. shrub, subshrub, perennial grass, succulent), and by total live dry mass, for each plot in the biodiversity experiment. Also provided are masses of dead material collected from plots (same groups as live material removed for each treatment) and total dry mass, live plus dead. Species-level data are available upo
Plant species-level responses to functional group and species removals in biodiversity experiment plots at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1999
This dataset contains individual species size data in vegetation plots that have had various plant functional groups or species experimentally removed at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, USA. This data was collected with the objective to distinguish the differential effects of plant community biomass, functional groups, and biodiversity within functional groups on ecosystem and plant community function. To make these distinctions, treatments were established by the selective removal of plant species or functional groups within experimental plots. There are eight treatments: control (C, no removals); four functional group removal treatments (PG, perennial grass removed; S, shrubs removed; SSh, subshrubs removed; Succ, succulents removed), and three species richness manipulation treatments. Richness manipulations included a simplified treatment (Simp), where only the single most abundant species of each growth form is preserved and all other species in the growth form are removed, a reduced‐Larrea treatment (rL), where the Larrea is assumed to be the dominant and is removed while minority components remain, and a reduced-Prosopsis treatment (rP), where Prosopis rather than Larrea is removed as the shrub dominant. In 1999, this pilot study attempted to assess individual species responses of representative individuals in these treatments. Ten randomly selected individuals of eight plant species were measured in each experimental plot, and this dataset reports volumetric data (diameters and height) for each. The study was designed as an individual-based complement to the transect data in EDI dataset knb-lter-jrn.210121001 but was not continued past 1999. This dataset is complete.
Data from: Invasion timing affects multiple scales, metrics and facets of biodiversity outcomes in ecological restoration experiments (Missouri, 2009-2016)
Vegetation responses to experimental ecological restoration treatments at Tyson Research Centre of Washington University in Missouri, USA. These data include species-level cover responses to various factorial restoration treatments. Treatments were applied starting in 2009 and were measured in 2016. Treatment responses reflect these long term responses, but the dataset is comprised to one time point.
FAB 1: Forests and Biodiversity Experiment - High density diversity experiment: carbon budget data
This data represents changes in above and belowground C pools in young stands six years after the initiation of the Forests and Biodiversity experiment (FAB1) in 2013, consisting of high density plots of one, two, five, or 12 tree species planted in a common garden. Trees were planted to represent a range of native functional diversity, including needle-leaf conifer and broadleaf deciduous species as well as ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal species. We quantified the effects of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity on aboveground C accumulation, as well as on soil C accumulation, fine root C, and soil aggregation. To assess the role of the microbial community in mediating these effects, we further compared changes in soil C pools to phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profiles collected in 2016.
Agronomic Yields on the Biodiversity Gradient Experiment at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2000 to 2020)
Dataset AbstractAgronomic yields have been measured on the Biodiversity Gradient Experiment since 2000. Samples are collected from the corn, soy and winter wheat plots before harvest by harvesting a subplot with a plot combine. Initial soil moisture from the Biodiversity Gradient baseline sampling is also available for corn, soy and wheat plots.original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/35
Tree mortality in Forest and Biodiversity 2: a tree diversity experiment to understand the consequences of multiple dimensions of diversity and composition for long-term ecosystem function and resilience
The Forest and Biodiversity (FAB2) experiment uses native tree species in varying levels of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity planted in 100 m2 and 400 m2 plots at 1 m spacing, appropriate for testing long-term ecosystem consequences. FAB2 was designed and established in conjunction with a prior experiment (FAB1) in which the same set of twelve species was planted in 16 m2 plots at 0.5 m spacing. Both are adjacent to the BioDIV prairie-grassland diversity experiment, enabling comparative investigations of diversity and ecosystem function relationships between experimental grasslands and forests at different planting densities and plot sizes. This data package examines mortality in the first six years of the experiment.
FAB2_sapling_volume_2021-2022 in Forest and Biodiversity 2: a tree diversity experiment to understand the consequences of multiple dimensions of diversity and composition for long-term ecosystem function and resilience
The Forest and Biodiversity (FAB2) experiment uses native tree species in varying levels of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity planted in 100 m2 and 400 m2 plots at 1 m spacing, appropriate for testing long-term ecosystem consequences. FAB2 was designed and established in conjunction with a prior experiment (FAB1) in which the same set of twelve species was planted in 16 m2 plots at 0.5 m spacing. Both are adjacent to the BioDIV prairie-grassland diversity experiment, enabling comparative investigations of diversity and ecosystem function relationships between experimental grasslands and forests at different planting densities and plot sizes. This data package examines mortality in the first six years of the experiment.
fab2_allometry_2016-2022 in Forest and Biodiversity 2: a tree diversity experiment to understand the consequences of multiple dimensions of diversity and composition for long-term ecosystem function and resilience
The Forest and Biodiversity (FAB2) experiment uses native tree species in varying levels of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity planted in 100 m2 and 400 m2 plots at 1 m spacing, appropriate for testing long-term ecosystem consequences. FAB2 was designed and established in conjunction with a prior experiment (FAB1) in which the same set of twelve species was planted in 16 m2 plots at 0.5 m spacing. Both are adjacent to the BioDIV prairie-grassland diversity experiment, enabling comparative investigations of diversity and ecosystem function relationships between experimental grasslands and forests at different planting densities and plot sizes. This data package examines mortality in the first six years of the experiment.
Data and statistical code for "Reconciling biodiversity with timber production and revenue via an intensive forest management experiment"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Understanding how land-management intensification shapes the relationships between biodiversity, yield and economic benefit is critical for managing natural resources. Yet, manipulative experiments that test how herbicides affect these relationships are scarce, particularly in forest ecosystems where considerable time lags exist between harvest revenue and initial investments. We assessed these relationships by combining 7 years of biodiversity surveys (>800 taxa) and forecasts of timber yield and economic return from a replicated, large-scale experiment that manipulated herbicide application intensity in operational timber plantations. Herbicides reduced species richness across trophic groups (-18%), but responses by higher-level trophic groups were more variable (0–38% reduction) than plant responses (-40%). Financial discounting, a conventional economic method to standardize past and future cashflows, strongly modified biodiversity-revenue relationships caused by management intensity. Despite a projected 28% timber yield gain with herbicides, biodiversity-revenue tradeoffs were muted when opportunity costs were high (i.e., economic discount rates ≥7%). Although herbicides can drive biodiversity-yield tradeoffs, under certain conditions, financial discounting provides opportunities to reconcile biodiversity conservation with revenue.</p>
Sapling Census:FAB 1: Forests and Biodiversity Experiment - High density diversity experiment
A forest biodiversity experiment (FAB) focused on trees of our region investigates the consequences of multiple dimensions of tree diversity for soil, food webs, plant communities and ecosystems. FAB is designed to unravel effects of three forms of biological diversity: species richness (SR), functional diversity (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD). We define FD as the representation of multiple traits of leaves, roots, seeds, and the whole organism that are correlated with species positions along gradients of resource supply, growth, and decomposition. PD is the representation of evolutionary lineages measured as the genetic distances between species. While PD and FD are often correlated, convergent evolution and adaptive differentiation can decouple them. When functional traits that drive specific ecosystem functions are not phylogenetically conserved, PD and FD may give contrasting predictions. SR, PD, and FD are not independent, and we posit that PD may help explain SR effects, and FD may help explain both PD and SR effects. Thus FAB is designed to examine the separate and combined effects of all three components of diversity for multiple ecosystem functions and to distinguish between ???sampling??? and ???complementarity??? effects of biodiversity. Due to the long lag between planting tree seedlings and determining effects of tree composition and diversity on ecosystem functioning, fewer experiments have been established to elucidate the role of biodiversity in the functioning of forest ecosystems than grassland experiments. FAB will contribute to this gap and is a member of the IDENT and TreeDiv network of forest biodiversity experiments (www.treedivnet.ugent.be). Hypotheses: 1. PD, FD, and SR will all contribute to increased productivity, stability, and diversity of other trophic levels (herbivores, predators, parasitoids, soil microbes, soil flora and fauna) as well as to greater soil C sequestration. 2. Because PD incorporates both the number of species a
Sapling Census:FAB 2 -DIV: Forests and Biodiversity Experiment - Low density diversity experiment
The long-term forest biodiversity experiment (FAB2), is designed to expand the capacity and scope of FAB1, established in 2012. Like its predecessor, FAB2 focuses on trees of our region, tested for survival and growth at Cedar Creek. The experiment provides the ability to examine the same diversity of plant, soil, decomposer, food web, and ecosystem responses that have been studied in the grassland biodiversity experiments but also allows us to pose novel questions regarding the effects of functional and phylogenetic diversity on ecosystem processes and the long-term consequences of species-specific effects on ecosystem properties.
Enemy exclusion effects on biodiversity-productivity relationship in subtropical forest experiment
<p>This data set is described in full detail in Huang et al. (2022) Journal of Ecology XXX.</p> <p>In brief, we used a large tree biodiversity experiment (BEF-China), established in 2009-2010, to test whether the application of fungicide or insecticide changes observed tree species richness effects on tree growth. We used a subset of plots in which tree species numbers ranged from 1 to 8. To these plots, a factorial split-plot treatment was added in April 2014. The new treatments (I: insecticide; F: fungicide; C: untreated control) were applied to subplots located along one side of the main plots. Each subplot contained 4 × 4 = 16<br>trees. We further used the central 4 × 4 trees of the main plot for additional measurements (central control subplot).</p> <p>Insecticide and fungicide solutions (4 L per subplot) were sprayed over tree crowns every 4 weeks, but only on days with no or very little wind. During the rainy season, application<br>intervals were halved to 2 weeks to compensate for more rapid leaching. The insecticide solution contained 10 mL dimethoate (an organophosphate) and 10 mL deltamethrin (a<br>pyrethroid). The fungicide solution contained 8 g of mancozeb (a dithiocarbamate) and 25 mL of myclobutanil (a triazole). Control subplots were sprayed with 4 L of water.</p>
Exotics are more complementary over time in tree biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments
<p><strong>Background and aims</strong></p> <p>The Biodiversity – Ecosystem Functioning (BEF) literature proposes that ecosystem functioning increases with biodiversity because of complementarity in resource use among species, associated with functional diversity. In this study, we challenge the trait-based ecology framework by comparing congeneric exotic (European) and native (North American) tree species showing similar resource-use functional trait values. The trait-based framework suggests that two functionally equivalent species should play similar roles in a community, resulting in similar interactions and performances. However, several studies showed that when growing in mixtures, exotic species that are functionally equivalent to native species benefitted from enemy-release, resulting in a reduced apparent competition. We hypothesize that exotic species should be more productive than native species because the exotic species benefit from reduced apparent competition due to enemy-release rather than from possessing more competitive resource-use functional traits.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>We study a diversity experiments, part of the International Diversity Experiment Network with Trees (IDENT), composed of two identical sites, each with two orthogonal diversity gradients: species richness and functional diversity. The functional gradient consists of species combinations of equal richness but increasing functional diversity, using different combinations of species provenance to assess the relationship between productivity, functional diversity and species provenance, independently of species richness. We grew a total of 12 species (six native, six exotic) in different combinations of one, two and six species mixtures. The exotic species were selected based on their functional equivalence to their native congeneric species.</p> <p><strong>Key Results</strong></p> <p>Eight years after planting, we found that exotic species were more productive than native species, but only at high functional diversity. Results indicate that exotic species overall benefit from a reduced apparent competition, and that exotic-increased productivity at high functional diversity is consistent with the enemy release hypothesis.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>After eight years, exotic species were more productive overall than their native counterparts, but only in the most functionally diverse communities. This study represents a first step in understanding the relative importance of complementarity in resource-use and apparent competition in a context of an exotic tree species invasion.</p>
Data from: The experimental manipulation of atmospheric drought: Teasing out the role of microclimate in biodiversity experiments
<p class="MsoNormal">Climate change alters mean global surface temperatures, precipitation regimes, and atmospheric moisture. Resultant drought affects the composition and diversity of terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. To date, there are no assessments of the combined impacts of reduced precipitation and atmospheric drying on functional trait distributions of any species in an outdoor experiment. Here, we examined whether soil and atmospheric drought affect the functional traits of a focal grass species (<em>Poa secunda)</em> growing in monoculture and 8-species grass communities in outdoor mesocosms. We focused on specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area, stomatal density, root:shoot ratio, and fine root:coarse root ratio responses. Leaf area and overall growth were reduced with soil drying. Root:shoot ratio only increased for <em>P. secunda</em> growing in monoculture under combined atmospheric and soil drought. Plant energy allocation strategy (measured using principal components) differed when <em>P. secunda</em> was grown in combined soil and atmospheric drought conditions compared with soil drought alone. Given a lack of outdoor manipulations of this kind, our results emphasize the importance of atmospheric drying on functional trait responses more broadly. We suggest that drought methods focused purely on soil water inputs may be imprecisely predicting drought effects on other terrestrial organisms as well (other plants, arthropods, and higher trophic levels).</p>
Enemy exclusion effects on biodiversity-productivity relationship in subtropical forest experiment
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Data from: The experimental manipulation of atmospheric drought: Teasing out the role of microclimate in biodiversity experiments
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Exotics are more complementary over time in tree biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments
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Data from: Identifying seed families with high mixture performance in a subtropical forest biodiversity experiment
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Litterbag mass and chemistry:FAB 1 : Forests and Biodiversity Experiment - High density diversity
A forest biodiversity experiment (FAB) focused on trees of our region investigates the consequences of multiple dimensions of tree diversity for soil, food webs, plant communities and ecosystems. FAB is designed to unravel effects of three forms of biological diversity: species richness (SR), functional diversity (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD). We define FD as the representation of multiple traits of leaves, roots, seeds, and the whole organism that are correlated with species positions along gradients of resource supply, growth, and decomposition. PD is the representation of evolutionary lineages measured as the genetic distances between species. While PD and FD are often correlated, convergent evolution and adaptive differentiation can decouple them. When functional traits that drive specific ecosystem functions are not phylogenetically conserved, PD and FD may give contrasting predictions. SR, PD, and FD are not independent, and we posit that PD may help explain SR effects, and FD may help explain both PD and SR effects. Thus FAB is designed to examine the separate and combined effects of all three components of diversity for multiple ecosystem functions and to distinguish between ???sampling??? and ???complementarity??? effects of biodiversity. Due to the long lag between planting tree seedlings and determining effects of tree composition and diversity on ecosystem functioning, fewer experiments have been established to elucidate the role of biodiversity in the functioning of forest ecosystems than grassland experiments. FAB will contribute to this gap and is a member of the IDENT and TreeDiv network of forest biodiversity experiments (www.treedivnet.ugent.be). Hypotheses: 1. PD, FD, and SR will all contribute to increased productivity, stability, and diversity of other trophic levels (herbivores, predators, parasitoids, soil microbes, soil flora and fauna) as well as to greater soil C sequestration. 2. Because PD incorporates both the number of species a
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Allen Brain Atlas
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