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109 results for “biodiversity patterns”
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: 3D photogrammetry improves measurement of growth and biodiversity patterns in branching corals; data for Curtis 2023, Coral Reefs
These data and code were generated in support of the manuscript: Curtis JS, Galvan JW, Primo A, Osenberg CW, and AC Stier, Coral Reefs. We collected manual and photogrammetry-based measurements of coral size and volume to examine which method best described short-term coral growth and links between coral habitat and biodiversity of CAFI (coral-associated fishes and invertebrates). This study was completed between August and December 2019 on an experimental array located in the back reef off the south shore of Moorea, French Polynesia. These data were published in Coral Reefs, analyses and full methods descriptions of this model can be found in the manuscript “3D photogrammetry improves measurement of growth and biodiversity patterns in branching corals”. This manuscript uses data collected by the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF) Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research (MCR LTER) site under Grant No. OCE 2224354 (and earlier awards). Additional financial support to the MCR LTER site was provided through a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2023).
Plant aboveground biomass data: BAC: Biodiversity and Climate (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-cdr/386/8. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Climate changes forecast for our region by GCM???s and shifts in biodiversity and composition each have the potential to alter ecosystem functioning; their interactive effects are unknown. The "BAC" experiment is designed to determine the direct and interactive effects of plant species numbers, plant community composition, temperature, and precipitation on 11 productivity, C and N dynamics, stability, and plant, microbe, and insect species abundances in CDR grassland ecosystems.
Biodiversity patterns of epipelagic copepods in the South Pacific Ocean: Strengths and limitations of current data bases
<p>These data were used for the development of the paper "<strong>Biodiversity patterns of epipelagic copepods in the South Pacific Ocean: Strengths and limitations of current data bases</strong>". Especifically, we added ecological and environmental data that were used for modeling.</p>
Biodiversity - Fauna - Bird Survey (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bes/543/170. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This dataset is associated with BES Bird Monitoring Bird Monitoring Project: ================= The BES Bird Monitoring Project is a breeding bird survey designed to find out what birds are found in the breeding season in Baltimore and where. Our monitoring efforts will show associations among block group socioeconomic variables, land cover, land use, and habitat features with breeding bird abundance, to provide information for land managers on possible consequences of land use changes on bird communities. A distinguishing feature of the bird monitoring at BES LTER, relative to other urban bird work, is the capacity for long-term monitoring of features at multiple scales through links to other parts of the project. Different processes influence habitat for birds at different scales, e.g. ongoing household level human decision-making at lot scale vs. block or neighborhood scale abandonment/re-development. Our project seeks to understand how these processes impact bird occurrence, abundance, and composition differ at the lot, block and neighborhood scale. The database consists of four tables. Sites, Surveys, Taxalist, and Birds. Sites records thje sites and their characteristics. Surveys describe the actual outings or sampling sessions. They describe the weather, the temperature, the sites visited. Taxalist provides the integration of speciaies abbreviations and common names, and Birds describes the actual sightings, linking to the other three tables. Attribute information: The tables form a set. Here are the fields and relationship information: Surveys: site_id FK->Sites[site_id
Supplementary Data for: A time-calibrated 'Tree of Life' of aquatic insects for knitting historical patterns of evolution and measuring extant phylogenetic biodiversity across the world
<p>This compendium of files includes the dated phylogenetic tree in Newick format (<strong>Data S1</strong>), the list of statistical routines used for the three empirical case studies (<strong>Data S2</strong>), and the high-resolution version of the figures in the supplementary materials and main text (<strong>Data S3</strong>) for the <em>Earth-Science Reviews</em> paper "A time-calibrated ‘Tree of Life’ of aquatic insects for knitting historical patterns of evolution and measuring extant phylogenetic biodiversity across the world", which is under consideration. The best-scoring molecular tree (<strong>Data S1</strong>) can be opened using freely available programs like R (R Development Core Team, 2021), Dendroscope (Huson and Scornavacca, 2012), and FigTree (Rambaut, 2018).</p> <p>Please, feel free to send an email to the maintainer Dr. Jorge García Girón (jogarg@unileon.es OR Jorge.Garcia-Giron@oulu.fi) if you face any trouble downloading, opening, or using these files.</p> <ul> <li>Huson, D. H., & Scornavacca, C. (2012). Dendroscope 3: An interactive tool for rooted phylogenetic trees and networks. <em>Systematic Biology</em>, <em>61(6)</em>, 1061–1067.</li> <li>R Development Core Team (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/</li> <li>Rambaut, A. (2018). FigTree. Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/</li> </ul>
Temperature-dependent evolutionary speed shapes the evolution of biodiversity patterns across tetrapod radiations
<p>Biodiversity varies predictably with environmental energy around the globe, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The evolutionary speed hypothesis predicts that environmental energy shapes variation in speciation rates through temperature- or life history-dependent rates of evolution. To test whether variation in evolutionary speed can explain the relationship between energy and biodiversity in birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles, we simulated diversification over 65 million years of geological and climatic change with a spatially explicit eco-evolutionary simulation model. We modeled four distinct evolutionary scenarios in which speciation-completion rates were dependent on temperature (M1), life history (M2), temperature and life history (M3), or were independent of temperature and life-history (M0). To assess the agreement between simulated and empirical data, we performed model selection by fitting supervised machine learning models to multidimensional biodiversity patterns. We show that a model with temperature-dependent rates of speciation (M1) consistently had the strongest support. In contrast to statistical inferences, which showed no general relationships between temperature and speciation rates in tetrapods, we demonstrate how process-based modeling can disentangle the causes behind empirical biodiversity patterns. Our study highlights how environmental energy has played a fundamental role in the evolution of biodiversity over deep time.</p>
Data from: Biodiversity patterns diverge along geographic temperature gradients
<p>Models applying space-for-time substitution, including those projecting ecological responses to climate change, generally assume an elevational and latitudinal equivalence that is rarely tested. However, a mismatch may lead to different capacities for providing climatic refuge to dispersing species. We compiled community data on zooplankton, ectothermic animals that form the consumer basis of most aquatic food webs, from over 1,200 mountain lakes and ponds across western North America to assess biodiversity along geographic temperature gradients spanning nearly 3,750 metres of elevation and 30 degrees latitude. Species richness, phylogenetic relationships, and functional diversity all showed contrasting responses across gradients, with richness metrics plateauing at low elevations but exhibiting intermediate latitudinal maxima. The nonmonotonic/hump-shaped diversity trends with latitude emerged from geographic interactions, including weaker latitudinal relationships at higher elevations (i.e. in alpine lakes) linked to different underlying drivers. Here, divergent patterns of phylogenetic and functional trait dispersion indicate shifting roles of environmental filters and limiting similarity in the assembly of communities with increasing elevation and latitude. We further tested whether gradients showed common responses to warmer temperatures and found that mean annual (but not seasonal) temperatures predicted elevational richness patterns but failed to capture consistent trends with latitude, meaning that predictions of how climate change will influence diversity also differ between gradients. Contrasting responses to elevation- and latitude-driven warming suggest different limits on climatic refugia and likely greater barriers to northward range expansion.</p>
Data from: Functional and phylogenetic dimensions of tree biodiversity reveal unique geographic patterns
<p>Aim: Quantify tree functional and phylogenetic richness and divergence at the global scale, and explore the drivers underpinning these biogeographic patterns.</p> <p>Location: Global</p> <p>Time Period: Present</p> <p>Major taxa studied: Trees </p> <p>Methods: Using global tree occurrence data, we outlined species' observed ranges using individual alpha hulls to obtain per-pixel tree species composition. Using eight traits from a recent tree-trait database and a vascular-plant phylogeny we computed and mapped four pixel level biodiversity indices, including two metrics related to richness: phylogenetic richness and functional richness and two related to divergence: mean pairwise phylogenetic distance and Rao's quadratic entropy. To account for the effect of species richness, we also calculated standardized effect sizes accounting for richness for each pixel. We then explored the relations between richness and divergence and the latitudinal patterns of divergence both globally and across biomes. Finally, we used a random forest modeling approach to test for drivers of the different dimensions of diversity in trees.</p> <p>Results: In contrast to the latitudinal gradient in species richness, functional and phylogenetic divergence both peak in mid-latitude systems, exhibiting the highest values in temperate ecosystems and lowest values in boreal and tropical forests. This result holds for functional divergence when removing gymnosperms but the peak flattens for phylogenetic divergence. Phylogenetic richness is consistently lower than expected given the number of species, whereas functional richness has higher-than-expected values at mid-latitudes, mimicking functional divergence patterns. When considering the drivers of these diversity patterns, temperature and historical speciation rates consistently emerge as the strongest forces driving divergence, with negligible effects of human influence, soils or historical climate stability.</p> <p>Main Conclusions: Collectively, these results reveal unique similarities and disparities across biomes that are not apparent in any single dimension of biodiversity, highlighting the importance of considering multiple aspects of biodiversity in the management of natural ecosystems.</p>
Variation in successional dynamics shape biodiversity patterns over a tropical-temperate latitudinal gradient
<p>Successional dynamics can vary due to a range of ecological and environmental factors, but our understanding of biogeographic variation in succession, and the processes contributing to community development across ecosystems, is limited. The pattern and rate of recruitment of dispersive propagules likely differs over large spatial scales and can be an important predictor of successional trajectory. Over a 20-degree tropical-temperate latitudinal gradient, we measured sessile invertebrates over 12 months of community development and successive 3-month recruitment windows to understand succession and how it is influenced by recruitment. Succession and recruitment patterns varied over latitude. In the tropics, fast temporal turnover, fluctuating abundances, and lack of successional progression suggest that the contribution of stochastic processes was high. As latitude increased, successional progression became more apparent, characterized by increasing species richness and community cover, and a shift to more competitive taxa over time. At temperate locations, species identities were similar between older communities and recruiting assemblages, however community composition became more variable across space over time. Such divergence suggests an important role of early colonisers and species interactions on community structure. These findings demonstrate differences in the processes contributing to community development and biodiversity patterns over latitude. Understanding such biogeographic variation in community dynamics and identifying the prevalence of different processes can provide insights into how communities assemble and persist in response to environmental variability.</p>
Data for: Pine trees structure plant biodiversity patterns in savannas
<p>Overstory trees serve multiple functions in grassy savannas. Past research has shown that large pine canopy openings harbor greater plant species richness and different species composition. However, these studies did not examine such patterns at the scale of individual trees. We examined the relationship between understory plant communities and proximity to individual pine trees in dry and mesic pine savannas in frequently burned (1-3 year intervals) and long unburned (>30 years since fire) sites in north central Florida. We recorded the presence and abundance (stem or ramet number) of plant species in 1 m x 1 m plots adjacent to tree boles (basal) or outside crown driplines (open). In addition, we quantified environmental variables, including light transmittance and percent cover of litter, bare ground, and fuel loading classes.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Biodiversity patterns across the Late Paleozoic Ice Age
FIGURE 2. Turnover rates during the LPIA with clades plotted individually and merged. Mean sea-surface temperature (SST) after Song et al. (2019). The two main phases of the glaciation indicated with snowflakes.
◂Fig. 13 Crystallographic structure on the columellar lamellae of Dinaride Zospeum and Iberozospeum shells; (a) Zospeum spelaeum, (AJC 847), Betalov Spodmol jama, Slovenia (45.7922 14.1877), pattern of low, non-overlapping, wedges of crystallographic structure on the lamella; (b) Zospeum spelaeum, (MCBI CSR SASA 37049a), Velika Pasica, Slovenia (N45.9189 E14.4934), non-overlapping wedges of crystallographic structure on lamella in old shell; (c) Iberozospeum sp., (RMNH.MOL. 234,120), Cueva Refugio, Trucios, overview of dense, overlapping, scale-like wedges of localized, crystallographic structure on upper part of the lower lamella; (d) ibid., closeup view of c; (e) Iberozospeum sp., (RMNH.MOL. 234,104), Cueva del Comediante, Santander, upper part of the lamella of chemically treated shell showing dense, overlapping wedges of localized, crystallographic structure; (f) Iberozospeum sp., (RMNH. MOL. 234,141), Cueva a Sul, Oviedo, localized, overlapping wedges of crystallographic structure on lamella of chemically treated shell; (g) Iberozospeum vasconicum, (AJC 1849), Cueva Arrikrutz, overview of dense, localized, crystallographic structure on lower part of the lamella; h, ibid., closeup view of g. — Magnification varies for each perspective, see scale bars; Figs. a–b, g–h) imaged by M. Ruppel, (ret.) Goethe University Frankfurt am Main; Figs. c–f imaged by Dirk Vendermarel, Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Molecular investigation and description of Iberozospeum n. gen., including the description of one new species (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae)
◂Fig. 13 Crystallographic structure on the columellar lamellae of Dinaride Zospeum and Iberozospeum shells; (a) Zospeum spelaeum, (AJC 847), Betalov Spodmol jama, Slovenia (45.7922 14.1877), pattern of low, non-overlapping, wedges of crystallographic structure on the lamella; (b) Zospeum spelaeum, (MCBI CSR SASA 37049a), Velika Pasica, Slovenia (N45.9189 E14.4934), non-overlapping wedges of crystallographic structure on lamella in old shell; (c) Iberozospeum sp., (RMNH.MOL. 234,120), Cueva Refugio, Trucios, overview of dense, overlapping, scale-like wedges of localized, crystallographic structure on upper part of the lower lamella; (d) ibid., closeup view of c; (e) Iberozospeum sp., (RMNH.MOL. 234,104), Cueva del Comediante, Santander, upper part of the lamella of chemically treated shell showing dense, overlapping wedges of localized, crystallographic structure; (f) Iberozospeum sp., (RMNH. MOL. 234,141), Cueva a Sul, Oviedo, localized, overlapping wedges of crystallographic structure on lamella of chemically treated shell; (g) Iberozospeum vasconicum, (AJC 1849), Cueva Arrikrutz, overview of dense, localized, crystallographic structure on lower part of the lamella; h, ibid., closeup view of g. — Magnification varies for each perspective, see scale bars; Figs. a–b, g–h) imaged by M. Ruppel, (ret.) Goethe University Frankfurt am Main; Figs. c–f imaged by Dirk Vendermarel, Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Variation in successional dynamics shape biodiversity patterns over a tropical-temperate latitudinal gradient
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Global patterns of taxonomic uncertainty and its impacts on biodiversity research
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Data from: Context-dependent forest elephant seed dispersal: Implications for pathways of elephant-driven patterns of biodiversity and carbon storage
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Data from: Biodiversity patterns diverge along geographic temperature gradients
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Temperature-dependent evolutionary speed shapes the evolution of biodiversity patterns across tetrapod radiations
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Data from: Functional and phylogenetic dimensions of tree biodiversity reveal unique geographic patterns
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Data from: Inferring riverscape dispersal processes from fish biodiversity patterns
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Fine-grain predictions are key to accurately represent continental-scale biodiversity patterns
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.