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62 results for “biological introductions”
Fig. 1 in Spread of Larinus minutus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a biological control agent of knapweeds, following introduction to northwestern Arkansas
Fig. 1. Percentage of infested capitula (A) and spread rate (B) of Larinus minutus populations on spotted knapweed from the release point at each of 5 release sites in northwest Arkansas as modeled by the exponential decay function: y = Ae-Bx
Data from: Landscape does matter: disentangling founder effects from natural and human-aided post-introduction dispersal during an ongoing biological invasion
<p><span>Environmental features impacting the spread of invasive species after introduction can be assessed using population genetic structure as a quantitative estimation of effective dispersal at the landscape scale. However, in the case of an ongoing biological invasion, deciphering whether genetic structure represents landscape connectivity or founder effects is particularly challenging. We examined the modes of dispersal (natural and human-aided) and the factors (landscape or founders history) shaping genetic structure in range edge invasive populations of the Asian tiger mosquito, <i>Aedes albopictus</i>, in the region of Grenoble (Southeast France). Based on detailed occupancy-detection data and environmental variables (climatic, topographic, land-cover), we modelled <i>A. albopictus </i>potential suitable area and its expansion history since first introduction. The relative role of dispersal modes was estimated using biological dispersal capabilities and landscape genetics approaches using genome-wide SNP dataset. We demonstrate that both natural and human-aided dispersal have promoted the expansion of populations. Populations in diffuse urban areas, representing highly suitable habitat for <i>A. albopictus</i>, tend to disperse less, while roads facilitate long-distance dispersal. Yet demographic bottlenecks during introduction played a major role in shaping the genetic variability of these range edge populations. </span>The present study is one of the few investigating the role of founder effects and ongoing expansion processes in shaping spatial patterns of genetic variation in an invasive species at the landscape scale. The combination of several dispersal modes and large proportions of continuous suitable habitats for <i>A. albopictus</i> promoted range filling of almost its entire potential distribution in the region of Grenoble only few years after introduction.</p>
Genomic footprints of a biological invasion: introduction from Asia and dispersal in Europe of the topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva)
<p>Facilitated by the intensification of global trading, the introduction and dispersal of species to areas in which they are historically non-native is nowadays common. From an evolutionary standpoint, invasions are paradoxical: not only non-native environments could be different from native ones for which introduced individuals would be ill-adapted, but also small founding population size should be associated with reduced adaptive potential. As such, biological invasions are considered valuable real-time evolutionary experiments. Here, we investigated the population structure and adaptive potential of the highly invasive topmouth gudgeon (<i>Pseudorasbora parva</i>) across Europe and East Asia. We RAD-sequenced 301 specimens from sixteen populations and three distinct within-catchment invaded regions as well as two locations in the native range. With 13785 single nucleotide polymorphisms, we provide conclusive evidence for a genome-wide signature of two distinct invasion events, in Slovakia and Turkey, each originating from a specific area in the native range. A third invaded area, in France, appears to be the result of dispersal within the invasive range. Few loci showed signs of selection, the vast majority of which being identified in the Slovakian region. Functional annotation suggests that faster early stage development, resistance to pollution and immunocompetence contribute to the invasion success of the local habitats. <a name="_Hlk15399671">By showing that populations in the invasive range have different evolutionary histories, our study reinforces the idea that populations, rather than species, are the units to consider in invasion biology. </a></p>
FIGURE 51 in Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae
FIGURE 51. Pupa of Coeliades rama collected as a caterpillar on a climbing Combretum sp., northern Madagascar. Left, dorsal view; centre, lateral view; right, ventral view (all photographs T.C.E. Congdon, ABRI).
FIGURE 49 in Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae
FIGURE 49. Caterpillars of Coeliades sp. probably fervida on unknown food plant, Madagascar (photographs T.C.E. Congdon, ABRI).
FIGURE 50 in Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae
FIGURE 50. Final instar caterpillars of Coeliades rama collected on a climbing Combretum sp., northern Madagascar. Above left, detail of head; above right, caterpillar lateral view; below left, caterpillar dorsal view; below right, detail of anal segments (all photographs T.C.E. Congdon, ABRI).
Figure 43 in Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae
Figure 43. Acridocarpus zanzibaricus, Diani Beach, 15 Dec 1989; food plant for Coeliades kenya, C. sejuncta and Pyrrhiades a. anchises.
FIGURE 39. Instar 4 in Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae
FIGURE 39. Instar 4 caterpillar of Coeliades sejuncta about to moult to instar 5, collected on Acridocarpus zanzibaricus, Diani Beach, 28 Mar 1989 (89/20A).
FIGURE 35. Instar 3 in Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae
FIGURE 35. Instar 3 pre-moult caterpillar of Coeliades pisistratus collected on Caucanthus auriculatus, Kibwezi Forest, 31 Dec 1989; parasitized by unidentified braconid, 6.5mm (89/109F).
FIGURE 48 in Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae
FIGURE 48. Pupae of Coeliades kenya, collected as caterpillars on Acridocarpus zanzibaricus, Diani Beach; left, dorsal view, collected 28 Mar 1989, pupated 28 Apr, photographed 1 May, 27mm, male (89/22D); centre, lateral view, collected 28 Mar 1989, pupated 25 Apr, photographed 1 May, 22mm, female (89/22C); right, female ventral view, collected 9 Dec 1990, pupated 16 Dec, photographed 20 Dec, 32mm (90/106G).
FIGURE 46 in Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae
FIGURE 46. Final instar caterpillar of Coeliades kenya collected on Acridocarpus zanzibaricus, Diani Beach, 18 Apr 1990, moulted 7 Apr, photographed 8 Apr, 33mm (90/44B).
FIGURE 42 in Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae
FIGURE 42. Newly emerged male Coeliades kenya, collected as caterpillar on Acridocarpus zanzibaricus, Diani Beach, 28 Mar 1989, adult 15 May (89/22D).
FIGURE 32. Instar 4 in Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae
FIGURE 32. Instar 4 caterpillar of Coeliades pisistratus collected on Caucanthus auriculatus, Kibwezi Forest, 31 Dec 1989; 14mm (89/109C).
FIGURE 45 in Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae
FIGURE 45. Leaf shelters of Coeliades kenya on Acridocarpus zanzibaricus, Diani Beach, 28 Mar 1989 (89/22); left, possible stage 2 shelter which contained an instar 3 or 4 caterpillar; right, minimal shelter of final instar caterpillar.
FIGURE 31. Instar 1 in Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae
FIGURE 31. Instar 1 of Coeliades pisistratus on Caucanthus auriculatus, Kibwezi Forest, 31 Dec 1989; left, stage 1 type 5 two–cut shelter; right, instar 1 caterpillar from same shelter, 3.5mm (89/109A).
FIGURE 30 in Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae
FIGURE 30. Parasitism of Coeliades f. forestan by an unidentified braconid ectoparasitoid; left, paralysed fourth instar caterpillar pre-moult collected on Indigofera arrecta, Kyuna Estate, Nairobi, 14 Jan 1990, photographed 18 Jan (90/4); right, cocoons reared from parasitized fourth instar pre-moult collected on Combretum sp. A., Kibwezi Forest, 21 Jan 1990, cocoons formed 22 Jan, photographed 23 Jan (90/10A).
FIGURE 28 in Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae
FIGURE 28. Heads of instar 5 caterpillars of Coeliades f. forestan; upper row; collected on Indigofera tinctoria at Diani Beach, 2 Apr 1989, individuals 89/21D1, 89/21B1, 89/21C1; lower row collected on Combretum sp. A at Kibwezi Forests, 21 Jan 1990, individuals 90/10F, 90/10B, 90/10C.
FIGURE 38. Instar 5 in Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae
FIGURE 38. Instar 5 caterpillar of Coeliades sejuncta collected on Triaspis mozambica, Diani Beach, 21 Aug 1995, moulted to L5 27 Aug, (95/105A); left caterpillar, photographed 1 Sep, 38mm; right, detail of head, photographed 10 Sep.
FIGURE 34. Instar 6 in Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae
FIGURE 34. Instar 6 caterpillar of Coeliades pisistratus collected on Caucanthus auriculatus, Kibwezi Forest, 31 Dec 1989; moulted to sixth instar 12 Jan 1990, photographed 15 Jan, 25mm (89/109C).
FIGURE 21 in Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae
FIGURE 21. Ovum of Coeliades forestan forestan on Combretum sp. A, Kibwezi Forest, 23 Dec 1990 (90/127).
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