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18 results for “biomass concentration”
Plant and root biomass, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus concentrations in a mesic acidic tussock tundra experimental site established in 1981(MAT81) and harvested in 2015, Arctic LTER, Toolik Lake, Alaska.
Plant and root biomass, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus were measured in 2015 in the Arctic LTER tussock tundra experimental site (MAT81). This site was established in 1981 and has been harvested in previous years (see Shaver and Chapin Ecological Monographs, 61(1), 1991, pp.1-31, https://doi.org/10.2307/1942997). Data tables include the biomass for each harvested quadrat and block summaries for percent carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus for control and fertilized plots from the original 4-block design. New control plots, established in 2015, are in a separate data table and include biomass, percent carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus for each quadrat.
Below ground root biomass, carbon and nitrogen concentrations by depth increments from the Anaktuvuk River Fire site in 2011
Below ground root biomass was measured by depth increments at three sites at and around the Anaktuvuk River Burn: severely burned, moderately burned and unburned. Roots were also analyzed for carbon and nitrogen concentrations.
Summary of below ground root biomass, carbon and nitrogen concentrations from the Anaktuvuk River Fire site in 2011
A summary of below ground root biomass, carbon and nitrogen concentrations, measured at three sites at and around the Anaktuvuk River Burn: severely burned, moderately burned and unburned.
Vascular Root Biomass and N Concentrations at Two Depths in an Alberta Peatland Subjected to Increasing Nitrogen Deposition, 2014-2015
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Bogs, being ombrotrophic, may be especially susceptible to increasing N deposition. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a bog near Mariana Lakes, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). From 2014-2015, we examined the effects of N addition on root production and nitrogen assimilation in those roots by measuring root biomass at two depths and root production over one and two years. Root biomass in the 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth increments in peat increased with increasing N input; the response was similar in the two depth increments. Root production integrated over the top 30 cm of peat increased with increasing N input at a rate of 5.3 g m-2 yr-1 with an increase in N input of 1 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Water addition alone had no significant effect on root biomass (p > 0.72) or root production. Given the rather consistent finding increasing N deposition stimulates aboveground vascular plant biomass and production, and our results that root biomass and production at Mariana Lakes Bog are stimulated as well, further work on belowground responses seems warranted.
Dataset - Biogas production from concentrated yeast biomass by anaerobic (co)-digestion
<p>Excel document that contains the data of the anaerobic digestion of concentrated yeast biomass as mono-substrate under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The dataset includes all values obtained during the experimental period from 11/2018 – 08/2019. The data were obtained as measurement data of the experimental work on biogas production. These data form the basis for the calculation of yields and productivities and for evaluating the process stability.</p>
Impacts of biomass burning in peninsular Southeast Asia on PM2.5 concentration and ozone formation in southern China during springtime – A case study
<p>Abstract: Biomass burning (BB) affects fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) formations by emitting their gaseous precursors and primary aerosols. Impacts of BB in peninsular Southeast Asia (BB-PSEA) are evaluated on the PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> formations in southern China, using a source-oriented WRF-Chem model to simulate an air pollution episode from 21 to 25 March 2015. The source-oriented model separates the emission from the BB-PSEA and other sources and is able to evaluate the effect of aerosol-radiation interactions (ARI) and aerosol-photolysis interactions (API) from the BB-PSEA. Comparisons with observations reveal that the model performs well in simulating the air pollution episode. Sensitivity experiments show that BB-PSEA increases PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations by 39.3 μg m<sup>-3</sup> (68.0%) in Yunnan Province (YNP) and 8.4 μg m<sup>-3</sup> (24.1%) in other downwind areas (ODA) in southern China (including the provinces of Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Zhejiang) on the regional average. The PM<sub>2.5</sub> enhancement is mainly contributed by primary aerosols in YNP but by secondary aerosols in the ODA. The BB-PSEA increases O<sub>3</sub> concentrations of 18.1 μg m<sup>-3 </sup>(19.4%) in YNP and decreases O<sub>3 </sub>concentrations in the ODA by 3.7 μg m<sup>-3</sup> (5.3%). The O<sub>3</sub> increase in YNP is contributed by the gaseous emissions of the BB-PSEA, and the O<sub>3</sub> decrease in the ODA is caused by the effects of ARI and API of the BB-PSEA. The NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from the BB-PSEA plays a key role in enhancing secondary inorganic aerosols in southern China, and also determine the PM<sub>2.5</sub> increase in the ODA.</p>
Abiotic and biotic drivers of tree trait effects on soil microbial biomass and soil carbon concentration
<p>Forests are critical ecosystems to understand the global carbon budget, due to their carbon sequestration potential in both above- and belowground compartments, especially in species-rich forests. Soil carbon sequestration is strongly linked to soil microbial communities, and this link is mediated by the tree community, likely due to modifications of micro-environmental conditions (i.e., biotic conditions, soil properties, and microclimate). We studied soil carbon concentration and the soil microbial biomass of 180 local neighborhoods along a gradient of tree species richness ranging from 1 to 16 tree species per plot in a Chinese subtropical forest experiment (BEF-China). Tree productivity and different tree functional traits were measured at the neighborhood level. We tested the effects of tree productivity, functional trait identity and dissimilarity on soil carbon concentrations, and their mediation by the soil microbial biomass and micro-environmental conditions. Our analyses showed a strong positive correlation between soil microbial biomass and soil carbon concentrations. Besides, soil carbon concentration increased with tree productivity and tree root diameter while it decreased with litterfall C:N content. Moreover, tree productivity and tree functional traits (e.g. root fungal association and litterfall C:N ratio) modulated micro-environmental conditions with substantial consequences for soil microbial biomass. We also showed that soil history and topography should be considered in future experiments and tree plantations, as soil carbon concentrations were higher where historical (i.e., at the beginning of the experiment) carbon concentrations were high, themselves being strongly affected by the topography. Altogether, these results imply that the quantification of the different soil carbon pools is critical for understanding microbial community–soil carbon stock relationships and their dependence on tree diversity and micro-environmental conditions.</p>
Biomass burning in the Neotropics is exposing migrating birds to elevated fine particulate matter concentrations
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: A unique risk faced by nocturnally migrating birds is the disorienting influence of artificial light at night (ALAN). ALAN originates from anthropogenic activities that can generate other forms of environmental pollution, including the emission of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>). PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations can display strong seasonal variation originating from natural and anthropogenic processes. How these processes affect seasonal associations with ALAN and PM<sub>2.5</sub> for nocturnally migrating birds has not been documented.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Western Hemisphere</p> <p><strong>Time</strong> <strong>period</strong>: 2021</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied</strong>: Nocturnally migrating passerine (NMP) bird species</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We combined monthly estimates of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ALAN with weekly estimates of relative abundance for 164 NMP species within the Western Hemisphere derived using bird observations from eBird. We identify groups of species with shared associations with PM<sub>2.5</sub>.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: PM<sub>2.5</sub> was lowest in North America, especially at higher latitudes during the boreal winter. PM<sub>2.5</sub> was highest in the Amazon Basin, especially during the dry season (August-October). ALAN was highest within eastern North America, especially during the boreal winter. For the NMP species, PM<sub>2.5</sub> associations reached their lowest levels during the breeding season (<10 μg/m<sup>3</sup>) and highest levels during the nonbreeding season, especially for species that winter in Central and South America (~20 μg/m<sup>3</sup>). Species that migrate through Central America in the spring encountered similarly high PM<sub>2.5 </sub>concentrations. ALAN associations reached their highest levels for species that migrate (~12 nW/cm<sup>2</sup>/sr) or spend the nonbreeding season (~15 nW/cm<sup>2</sup>/sr) in eastern North America.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: We did not find evidence that the disorienting influence of ALAN enhances PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure during stopover in the spring and autumn for NMP species. Rather, our findings suggest biomass burning in the Neotropics is exposing NMP species to consistently elevated PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations for an extended period of their annual life cycles. </p>
Biomass burning in the Neotropics is exposing migrating birds to elevated fine particulate matter concentrations
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Abiotic and biotic drivers of tree trait effects on soil microbial biomass and soil carbon concentration
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Datasets relating (i) A wetland fish multimetric index to variation in agricultural stress among Laurentian Great Lakes coastal wetlands, (ii) Cyanobacteria biomass to total phosphorus concentrations among Canadian lakes
<p>We present two datasets of biological responses against environmental stresses. In the first dataset, the biological response and environmental stress variables are fish multimetric index of community health and agricultural stress, respectively, in watersheds draining to Laurentian Great Lakes. In the second dataset, the biological response and environmental stress variables are cyanobacterial biomass and total phosphorus, respectively, in Canadian Lakes.</p>
Datasets relating (i) A wetland fish multimetric index to variation in agricultural stress among Laurentian Great Lakes coastal wetlands, (ii) Cyanobacteria biomass to total phosphorus concentrations among Canadian lakes
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Numerical and mass concentrations of microplastic debris collected by manta net; Numerical concentrations of Halobates sericeus adults/juveniles and eggs; zooplankton biomass concentration. Various cruises from 1972 - 2010 (completed).
Microplastic, Halobates, and zooplankton were collected using a standard manta net tow. Each sample was sorted at 6-12x magnification under a Wild M-5 dissecting microscope, and plastic particles and H. sericeus removed for further analysis. Plastic particles were soaked in deionized water to remove salts, dried at 60°C, and stored in a desiccator. Dry mass was measured on an analytical balance. Particles were then digitally imaged with a Zooscan digital scanner (Gorsky et al. 2010). The total number of particles was measured using NIH ImageJ-based tools in the Zooprocess software, calibrated against manual measurements (Gilfillan et al. 2009, Gorsky et al. 2010). H. sericeus samples were enumerated and classified into 5 categories: juvenile, adult male, adult female, newly molted, and molted exoskeletons. H. sericeus eggs, both those attached to plastic and those that had become detached during the collection process, were also enumerated. Dry mass of zooplankton was obtained from preserved manta tow samples. After fixation in 1.8% formaldehyde for 24 months, samples were split in a Folsom splitter, filtered onto 202 µm Nitex mesh disks and rinsed with isotonic ammonium formate. Filters were dried for 24 hours at 60°C and placed in a vacuum dessicator until weighing. Filters were weighed to the nearest 0.0001 gram on the same analytical balance as the plastic samples. A 20% correction factor was applied in order to compensate for the biomass lost by preservation.
Data for SURFACE CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN AS A MESOPLANKTON BIOMASS ASSESSMENT TOOL
<p>Biomass and chlorophyll raw data</p>
Data from: Estimating fish abundance and biomass from eDNA concentrations: variability among capture methods and environmental conditions
Environmental DNA (eDNA) promises to ease non-invasive quantification of fish biomass or abundance, but its integration within conservation and fisheries management is currently limited by a lack of understanding of the influence of eDNA collection method and environmental conditions on eDNA concentrations in water samples. Water temperature is known to influence the metabolism of fish and consequently could strongly affect eDNA release rate. As water temperature varies in temperate regions (both seasonally and geographically), the unknown effect of water temperature on eDNA concentrations poses practical limitations on quantifying fish populations using eDNA from water samples. This study aims to clarify how water temperature and the eDNA capture method alter the relationships between eDNA concentration and fish abundance/biomass. Water samples (1 L) were collected from 30 aquaria including triplicate of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Brook Charr specimens at two different temperatures. Water samples were filtered with five different types of filters. The eDNA concentration obtained by quantitative PCR (qPCR) varied significantly with fish abundance and biomass and type of filters (Mixed-design ANOVA, P < 0.001). Results also show that fish released more eDNA in warm water than cold water and that eDNA concentration better reflects fish abundance/biomass at high temperature. From a technical standpoint, higher levels of eDNA were captured with glass fiber (GF) than mixed cellulose ester (MCE) filters and support the importance of adequate filters to quantify fish abundance based on the eDNA method. This study supports the importance of including water temperature in fish abundance/biomass prediction models based on eDNA.
Data from: Legacy effects of diversity in space and time driven by winter cover crop biomass and nitrogen concentration
Plant diversity can increase nitrogen cycling and decrease soil-borne pests, which are feedback mechanisms influencing subsequent plant growth. The relative strength of these mechanisms is unclear, as is the influence of preceding plant quantity and quality. Here, we studied how plant diversity in space and time influences subsequent crop growth. During 2 years, we rotated two main crops (Avena sativa, Cichorium endivia) with four winter cover crop (WCC) species in monocultures and mixtures. We hypothesized that, relative to monocultures, WCC mixtures promote WCC biomass (quantity) and nitrogen concentration (quality), soil mineral nitrogen, soil organic matter, and reduce plant-feeding nematode abundance. Additionally, we predicted that preceding crops modified WCC legacies. By structural equation modelling (SEM), we tested the relative importance of WCC shoot biomass and nitrogen concentration on succeeding crop productivity directly and indirectly via nitrogen cycling and root-feeding nematode abundance. WCC shoot biomass, soil properties and succeeding Avena productivity were affected by first-season cropping, whereas subsequent Cichorium only responded to the WCC treatments. WCC mixtures' productivity and nitrogen concentration showed over- and under-yielding, depending on mixture composition. Soil nitrogen and nematode abundance did not display WCC mixture effects. Soil organic matter was lower than expected after Raphanus sativus + Vicia sativa mixture. Subsequent Avena productivity depended upon mixture composition, whereas final Cichorium productivity was unresponsive to WCC mixtures. SEM indicated that WCC legacy effects on subsequent Avena (R2 = 0.52) and Cichorium (R2 = 0.59) productivity were driven by WCC biomass and nitrogen concentration, although not by the quantified soil properties. Synthesis and applications. Through understanding plant–soil feedback, legacy effects of plant species and species mixtures can be employed for sustainable management of agro-ecosystems. Biomass and nitrogen concentration of plants returned to the soil stimulate subsequent plant productivity. Winter cover crop quantity and quality are both manipulable with mixtures. The specificity of spatial and temporal diversity effects warrants consideration of plant species choice in mixtures and rotations for optimal employment of beneficial legacy effects.
Data from: Estimating fish abundance and biomass from eDNA concentrations: variability among capture methods and environmental conditions
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Data from: Legacy effects of diversity in space and time driven by winter cover crop biomass and nitrogen concentration
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.