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18 results for “biosphere model”
Daily European biospheric methane emissions estimated with the ecosystem model JSBACH-HIMMELI.
<p>Daily estimates of European biospheric methane emissions from JSBACH-HIMMELI model from year 1990 to year 2023. JSBACH-HIMMELI is an ecosystem process model based on JSBACH land surface model, YASSO soil carbon model and HIMMELI methane emission model. The gridded fluxes are available with a resolution of 0.1x0.1 degrees and in units of mol m-2 s-1 (m-2 refers to grid cell area). The gridded flux file contains a variable for methane fluxes, including a sum of methane fluxes from peatlands, inundated lands and mineral soils. More information of the model set-up is documented in Petrescu, A. M. R., et al., The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2019, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1197–1268, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1197-2023, 2023, Tyystjärvi, V., 2024. Future methane fluxes of peatlands are controlled by management practices and fluctuations in hydrological conditions due to climatic variability. EGUsphere 1–37. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3037 and Raivonen, M. et al., 2017. HIMMELI v1.0: HelsinkI Model of MEthane buiLd-up and emIssion for peatlands. Geoscientific Model Development 10, 4665–4691. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4665-2017">https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4665-2017</a></p>
Simulated terrestrial biosphere variables across Termination V (iLOVECLIM model)
<p>The following files contain output data from the 32-kyr iLOVECLIM simulation covering Termination V: both sequences start at 436 kyr BP and end at 404 kyr BP with a yearly time step.</p> <ul> <li>Simulated_carbon_stock.nc: the average simulated carbon stock over latitudinal bands for each of the four carbon components (green biomass, structural biomas, slow Soil Organic Matter (SOM) and fat SOM) and the total carbon stock (sum of the four components).</li> <li>Simulated_tree_fraction.nc: the global simulated tree fraction (in %).</li> </ul>
Are terrestrial biosphere models fit for simulating the global land carbon sink?
<p>This repository contains the data and code required for reproducing the results presented in the paper "Are terrestrial biosphere models fit for simulating the global land carbon sink?" by Seiler et al., 2021. The study evaluates an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models (<a href="https://sites.exeter.ac.uk/trendy/">TRENDY</a>; v9; S3 simulations) against a wide range of reference data using the Automated Model Benchmarking R package (AMBER; version 1.1.1). The only requirement for reproducing our results is access to a Linux machine with <a href="https://docs.conda.io">conda</a>, an open-source package management system and environment management system, installed. Follow the steps described in the <em>readme</em> file to install AMBER and run the analysis. The repository also contains all output produced by our analysis. </p>
Simple Biosphere model version 4.2 (SiB4) simulations for the present day atmosphere with 500 ppt OCS and the two OCS geoengineering scenarios with 4.8 ppb and 35.5 ppb OCS.
<p>This dataset was prepared for a publication by von Hobe et al. (2023):</p> <p><strong>Comment on “An approach to sulfate geoengineering with surface emissions of carbonyl sulfide” by Quaglia et al. (2022)</strong></p> <p>In that publication, the data are displayed in Figures 1 and 2.</p> <p>Simple Biosphere model version 4.2 (SiB4, Haynes et al., 2019; Sellers et al., 1986) was used to calculate (i) the average increase in evapotranspiration anticipated under an elevated OCS scenario for the years 2000-2021 on a 0.5 ° latitude x 0.5 ° longitude grid and (ii) OCS uptake by plants and soils, per month, at baseline (500 ppt) and elevated (4.8 and 35.5 ppb) OCS levels averaged over the years 2000-2021.</p> <p>- - - - - - - - - - -</p> <p><em>File 1: vonHobe_et_al_2023_CarbonylSulfideGeoengineeringScenarios_DeltaEvapotranspiration_GloballyGridded_SiB4.nc</em></p> <p>File Format:</p> <p> netCDF</p> <p>Index Variables:</p> <p> latitude</p> <p> longitude</p> <p>Parameters:</p> <p> percent_diff_et: relative increase in % of evapotranspiration in a scenario where 20% of terrestrial plants exhibit a 50% increase in stomatal conductance under high OCS</p> <p>- - - - - -</p> <p><em>File 2: vonHobe_et_al_2023_CarbonylSulfideGeoengineeringScenarios_BiosphereUptake_MonthlyIntegrated_SiB4.csv</em></p> <p>File Format:</p> <p> comma delimited text file (.csv)</p> <p>Index Variable:</p> <p> time: monthly, format m/dd/yy</p> <p>Parameters:</p> <p> ocs_veg_base: simulated monthly OCS uptake by terrestrial vegetation at an atmospheric OCS mole fraction of 500 ppt</p> <p> ocs_soil_base: simulated monthly OCS uptake by soils at an atmospheric OCS mole fraction of 500 ppt</p> <p> ocs_veg_4.8ppb: simulated monthly OCS uptake by terrestrial vegetation at an atmospheric OCS mole fraction of 4.8 ppb</p> <p> ocs_soil_4.8ppb: simulated monthly OCS uptake by soils at an atmospheric OCS mole fraction of 4.8 ppb</p> <p> ocs_veg_35.5ppb: simulated monthly OCS uptake by terrestrial vegetation at an atmospheric OCS mole fraction of 35.5 ppb</p> <p> ocs_soil_35.5ppb: simulated monthly OCS uptake by soils at an atmospheric OCS mole fraction of 35.5 ppb</p> <p>- - - - - - - - - - -</p> <p><strong>References:</strong></p> <p>Haynes, K. D., Baker, I. T., Denning, A. S., Stöckli, R., Schaefer, K., Lokupitiya, E. Y., and Haynes, J. M.: Representing<br> Grasslands Using Dynamic Prognostic Phenology Based on Biological Growth Stages: 1. Implementation in the Simple<br> Biosphere Model (SiB4), Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11, 4423-4439, 10.1029/2018ms001540, 2019.</p> <p>Quaglia, I., Visioni, D., Pitari, G., and Kravitz, B.: An approach to sulfate geoengineering with surface emissions of carbonyl sulfide, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5757-5773, 10.5194/acp-22-5757-2022, 2022.</p> <p>Sellers, P. J., Mintz, Y., Sud, Y. C., and Salcher, A.: A Simple Biosphere Model (SiB) for Use within General Circulation Models, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 43, 505-531, 1986.</p> <p>von Hobe, M., Brühl, C., Lennartz, S. T., Whelan, M. E., and Kaushik, A.: Comment on “An approach to sulfate geoengineering with surface emissions of carbonyl sulfide” by Quaglia et al. (2022) ,</p>
Model and Data for the T&C-CROP Validation Paper: T&C-CROP: Representing mechanistic crop growth with a terrestrial biosphere model (T&C,v1.5): Model formulation and validation.
<p>Here included is the code used to run T&C-CROP as used for the GMD paper submission alongside with the necessary weather data and raw field data used as part of the validation exercise. </p> <p> </p>
Species functional data and species distribution model projections for future land-use and fire management scenarios in the Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xurés
<p>The data includes nine functional traits and species distribution model projections for 102 species of vertebrates (amphibians, birds, and reptiles) in the Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xurés. The model projections are available for 2050 under six different land-use and fire management scenarios, namely two land-use scenarios of “business-as-usual” (BAU; ongoing trends of land abandonment) and “High Nature Value farmlands” (HNV), each under three fire management scenarios (low suppression - LS, current fire suppression - CS, and high fire suppression - HS). The species distribution projections for each scenario are presented as matrices of species presences/absences, obtained after reclassifying consensus predictions of species distribution models.</p>
Model output of the Simple Biosphere Model, version 4 (SiB4) used in "Evaluation of carbonyl sulfide biosphere exchange in the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB4)"
<p>Model output of the Simple Biosphere Model, version 4 (SiB4) used in "Evaluation of carbonyl sulfide biosphere exchange in the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB4)". The dataset includes COS ecosystem, vegetation and soil fluxes, as well as CO2 exchange fluxes. COS soil fluxes are calculated through the Ogee et al. (2016) soil model, and COS mole fractions vary spatially and temporally. The site-specific files provide SiB4 output only for the plant functional type that is represented by this site. The plant functional type is included in the file name. Datasets include 3 hourly output between 2000-2020 for site simulations, and monthly output between 2000-2020 for global simulations (at 0.5x0.5 degrees). The SiB4 model code is available online: https://gitlab.com/kdhaynes/sib4_corral</p>
Data for the publication "Low sensitivity of three terrestrial biosphere models to soil texture over the South-American tropics"
<p>Code and data for the aforementionned publication </p>
The main variables (soil moisture, net biome production and so on) of two experiments (CTRL and EXP) with the ORCHIDEE-MICT terrestrial biosphere model
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Multiple linear regression (MLR) is widely used to attribute causes of the interannual variability (IAV) of land carbon uptake, yet, parameter estimation in MLR can be problematic if the predictors are strongly inter-correlated. Recently, Humphrey et al., (2021) used MLR method to conclude that the indirect effect of soil moisture (SM) via land-atmosphere coupling, rather than the direct effect of SM on photosynthesis and respiration, controls the IAV of NBP. Here we assess the validity of MLR as used by Humphrey et al. (2021) by comparing the true contribution of SM in a terrestrial biosphere model, derived from the difference between a control run (CTRL) and an experiment with prescribed climatological SM (EXP), with the MLR method applied to the CTRL outputs.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>We ran two experiments (CTRL and EXP) with the ORCHIDEE-MICT</span><span> terrestrial biosphere model at 2º spatial resolution. The control (CTRL) run followed the protocol of "S3" experiment of TRENDY-v6</span><span>, forced by CRUNCEP-v8 climate forcing, increasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, and varying land use maps. </span>Monthly outputs for the period 1960-2005 were used for analysis. For the EXP run, <a name="_Hlk107926231"></a>to remove the interannual variability (IAV) of soil moisture (SM) while keeping its seasonal cycle, a climatological monthly SM averaged for the years 1960-2005 simulated by the CTRL run was prescribed in the model. Note that the intrinsic time-step of hydrology and photosynthesis in ORCHIDEE-MICT is half-hourly, thus SM within the same month took the same monthly mean value. Other configurations in the EXP run were identical to the CTRL run. </span></p>
The main variables (soil moisture, net biome production and so on) of two experiments (CTRL and EXP) with the ORCHIDEE-MICT terrestrial biosphere model
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NACP Regional: Supplemental Gridded Observations, Biosphere and Inverse Model Outputs
This data set contains standardized gridded observation data, terrestrial biospheric model output, and inverse model simulations that were compiled but not used in the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Regional Synthesis activities, thus the supplemental designation. The data set provides six (6) observation data packages (9 variables - MODIS LAI, MODIS FPAR, MODIS NDVI, MODIS EVI, FIA forest biomass, forest area, GPP Anomaly, NEE Anomaly, Reco Anomaly; 8 data files), output results from three terrestrial biosphere models (TBM) (14 variables; 214 files), and simulations from one inverse model (IM) (one variable; 1 file). To produce this data set, the NACP Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center (MAST-DC) original data files were resampled to 1-degree spatial resolution for North American region (except for FIA Forest Biomass which was resampled to 0.5-degree resolution), interpolated into monthly or yearly temporal resolution, and reformatted into Climate and Forecast (CF) convention compatible netCDF format.
Integrated Biosphere Simulator Model (IBIS), Version 2.5
The Integrated Biosphere Simulator (or IBIS) is designed to be a comprehensive model of the terrestrial biosphere; the model represents a wide range of processes, including land surface physics, canopy physiology, plant phenology, vegetation dynamics and competition, and carbon and nutrient cycling. The model generates global simulations of the surface water balance (e.g., runoff), the terrestrial carbon balance (e.g., net primary production, net ecosystem exchange, soil carbon, aboveground and belowground litter, and soil CO2 fluxes), and vegetation structure (e.g., biomass, leaf area index, and vegetation composition). IBIS was developed by Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE) researchers as a first step toward gaining an improved understanding of global biospheric processes and studying their potential response to human activity [Foley et al., 1996]. IBIS was constructed to explicitly link land surface and hydrological processes, terrestrial biogeochemical cycles, and vegetation dynamics within a single, physically consistent framework. Furthermore, IBIS was one of a new generation of global biosphere models, termed Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (or DGVMs), that consider transient changes in vegetation composition and structure in response to environmental change. Previous global ecosystem models have typically focused on the equilibrium state of vegetation and could not allow vegetation patterns to change over time.Version 2.5 of IBIS includes several major improvements and additions [Kucharik et al. 2000]. SAGE continues to test the performance of the model, assembling a wide range of continental- and global-scale data, including measurements of river discharge, net primary production, vegetation structure, root biomass, soil carbon, litter carbon, and soil CO2 flux. Using these field data and model results for the contemporary biosphere (1965-1994), their evaluation shows that simulated patterns of runoff, NPP, biomass, leaf area index, soil carbon, and total soil CO2 flux agreed reasonably well with measurements that have been compiled from numerous ecosystems. These results also compare favorably to other global model results [Kucharik et al. 2000].
NACP Site: Terrestrial Biosphere Model and Aggregated Flux Data in Standard Format
This data set provides standardized output variables for gross primary productivity (GPP), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), leaf area index (LAI), ecosystem respiration (Re), latent heat flux (LE), and sensible heat flux (H) from 24 terrestrial biosphere models for 47 eddy covariance flux tower sites in North America. Each model used standardized input data for each flux tower site (i.e., gap-filled, locally observed weather; land use history; and other site specific data) and followed standard model setup and spinup procedures. The files also contain gap-filled observations and total uncertainty estimates. The data set was compiled for the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Site-Level Synthesis for use in model inter-comparison and assessment of how well the models simulate carbon processes across vegetation types and environmental conditions in North America. There is one compressed (.zip) file with this data set. When expanded, the .zip file contains model output data for one variable at one site. The model output and observations are available at the native half-hourly time step, or in daily, monthly, and annual aggregations, in comma-separated text (.csv) format.
NACP Site: Terrestrial Biosphere Model Output Data in Original Format
This data set contains the original model output data submissions from the 24 terrestrial biosphere models (TBM) that participated in the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Site-Level Synthesis. The model teams generated estimates for, but not limited to, a minimum of six variables, including gross primary productivity (GPP), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), leaf area index (LAI), ecosystem respiration (Re), latent heat flux (LE), and sensible heat flux (H) for each of 47 selected eddy covariance flux tower sites across North America. Participating modeling teams followed the NACP Site Synthesis Protocol (site_synthesis_protocol_v7.pdf), which covers procedures, plans, and infrastructure for the site-level analyses. File format and units conversions of several data submissions were made by the MAST-DC to produce NetCDF files of consistent content and structure for all 24 TBM outputs. The model outputs are structured as described in Appendix A: Model Output Variables, of the Site Synthesis Protocol. In addition, MAST-DC processed these original model submissions to derive uniquely processed and formatted data files for model inter-comparison and evaluation (NACP Site: Terrestrial Biosphere Model and Aggregated Flux Data in Standard Format). This related data set provides GPP, NEE, LAI, Re, LE, and sensible heat (H) model output variables at the native half-hourly time step, and in daily, monthly, and annual aggregations. The related data set also contains gap-filled observations and total uncertainty estimates at the same time steps.There are 24 compressed (*.zip) files with this data set -- one file for each model. When expanded, the .zip files contain model output data files for flux tower sites in NetCDF and some in text formats.
SiB3 Modeled Global 1-degree Hourly Biosphere-Atmosphere Carbon Flux, 1998-2006
The Simple Biosphere Model, Version 3 (SiB3) was used to produce a global data set of hourly carbon fluxes between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere for the years 1998-2006. This data set represents the global net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere; specifically, the flux of CO2 between the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and the surface vegetation layer. Following atmospheric convention, flux is defined as positive into the atmosphere and negative into the surface vegetation.The data reported are 9 years of estimated hourly carbon flux for 14637 land points. Units are moles C/m2/sec.Data are provided in two NetCDF formats: * The NetCDF format provided by the investigators -- format designed specifically to minimize disk storage volume that excludes water grid cells. * A CF Compliant NetCDF format -- generated by the ORNL DAAC that includes both land and water grid cells.The investigator provided NetCDF formatted files can be processed using the provided FORTRAN code (sib_process_flux.f90) and the land mask (sib_mask.nc) into hourly, daily-mean, or monthly-mean fluxes on a global 1x1 degree Cartesian grid. The monthly-mean SiB3 fluxes were compared to TransCom flux data available for years 2000-2005 (Gurney et al., 2008) as a means of evaluating overall behavior of the model. In general, SiB3 fluxes are within the error bars of the TransCom results.The CF compliant NetCDF format files have been processed by the ORNL DAAC and the hourly and summarized daily-mean and monthly-mean flux data files are provided. GeoTIFF format files:In addition, the CF convention NetCDF files were converted to GeoTIFF image files by the ORNL DAAC and are included with the data set. Companion file:Additional information about the data formats, methodology, and data quality is found in the companion file: SiB3_carbon_flux_readme.pdfAccess to GeoTIFF format files via WCS Interface:The ORNL DAAC also provides access to the GeoTIFF files via a Web Coverage Service Interface (WCS). The OpenGIS® Web Coverage Service Interface Standard (WCS) defines a standard interface and operations that enables interoperable access to geospatial coverages.These data are a carbon cycle reanalysis, which may be thought of as analogous to NCEP meteorological reanalysis products. Carbon fluxes have been used by a large community of atmospheric transport modelers to create reanalysis of CO2 concentrations and the results have been evaluated against observations. In addition, the reanalyzed flux and CO2 fields are important for designing future observing strategies for the global carbon cycle.
NACP Regional: Original Observation Data and Biosphere and Inverse Model Outputs
This data set contains the originally-submitted observation measurement data, terrestrial biosphere model output data, and inverse model simulations that various investigator teams contributed to the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Regional Synthesis activities. The data set provides nine (9) data packages of remote sensing and ground observation measurements (OM) (MODIS gross primary productivity (GPP), MODIS net primary production (NPP), MODIS fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fPar), MODIS leaf area index (LAI), MODIS enhanced vegetation index (EVI), MODIS normalize difference vegetation index (NDVI), Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) forest biomass, National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) crop NPP, and Flux Anomaly). The data set also provides data packages of simulation results from 19 terrestrial biosphere models (TBM) and eight (8) inverse models (IM). The data packages are respectively OM, TBM, and IM data files listed in Tables 4-6. Each OM, TBM, and IM data package contains all of the original data (and documentation, if any) that the NACP Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center (MAST-DC) acquired or received. These originally-submitted data were processed by the MAST-DC to produce the three standardized gridded data sets of carbon flux for inter-comparison purposes (see Related Data Products below). These original data and documentation are provided to allow users of the standardized gridded data products to be able to trace back to the data origins when needed. The Data Center (ORNL DAAC) transformed some of the originally-submitted data files to file formats that are more suitable for long-term archiving. For example, *.xlsx files were saved as *.csv, ERDAS Imagine files were converted to GeoTIFFs, and MATLAB files were converted to GeoTIFF and NetCDF formats as appropriate. Files received in NetCDF, GeoTIFF, and HDF formats were not transformed.
NACP Regional: Gridded 1-deg Observation Data and Biosphere and Inverse Model Outputs
This data set contains standardized gridded observation data, terrestrial biosphere model output data, and inverse model simulations of carbon flux parameters that were used in the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Regional Synthesis activities. The data set provides five observation data files (MODIS GPP, MODIS NPP, FIA forest biomass/forest area, NASS crop NPP, and NASS agricultural land fraction) and simulation results from 18 terrestrial biosphere models (TBM) (28 variables; 114 files) and seven inverse models (IM) (two variables; 8 files). To produce this data set, the NACP Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center (MAST-DC) resampled original model simulation results and observation measurement data to 1-degree spatial resolution for North American region, interpolated into monthly or yearly temporal resolution, and reformatted into Climate and Forecast (CF) convention compatible netCDF format. This data set is related to two other processed regional data sets (i.e., NACP Regional: Supplemental Gridded Observations, Biosphere and Inverse Model Outputs; and NACP Regional: National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and Aggregated Gridded Model Data) and the originally-submitted NACP Regional: Original Observation Data and Biosphere and Inverse Model Outputs.
Data and scripts for figures for "The modeled seasonal cycles of land biosphere and ocean N2O fluxes and atmospheric N2O"
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