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377 results for “biota”
Carbon and nitrogen content and stable isotope compositions from biota samples from lagoon sites along the Alaska Beaufort Sea coast, 2018-ongoing
Stable isotopic composition can be used to differentiate between predominantly marine and terrestrial food sources in nearshore marine food webs. The Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystems LTER (BLE LTER) Core Program employs spatial and temporal sampling regimes to track shifts in diet, both seasonally (ice cover, ice break-up, and open water), and spatially among lagoons along the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast. Ice coring, net tows, ponar grabs, and trawls are employed to collect organisms associated with the sea-ice interface, the water column, and the benthos respectively. Tissues are analyzed for stable isotopic composition as well as organic carbon and nitrogen content.
Impact of medical radionuclide discharges on people and the environment: scenario data used in the non-human biota impact assessment
<p>This dataset contains the input data for the D-DAT model: activity concentrations in water for the simulated Molse Nete scenario. It also contains the dynamic model-calculated activity concentrations in sediment and the non-human biota. These are the primary data upon which the dose calculations werte performed, and they can be used to reproduce these calculations. The related preprint article is also given in this repository: https://zenodo.org/records/10488393.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Experimentally manipulated biota over a 30-40d period in two streams with distinctly different macrobiotic assemblages
Here we test the hypothesis that differences in macrobiotic assemblages can lead to differences in the quantity and quality of organic matter in benthic depositional environments among streams in montane Puerto Rico. We experimentally manipulated biota over a 30-40d period in two streams with distinctly different macrobiotic assemblages: one characterized by high densities of omnivorous shrimps (Decapoda: Atyidae and Xiphocarididae) and no predaceous fishes. To incorporate the natural hydrologic regime and to avoid confounding artifacts associated with cage enclosure/exclosure (e.g., high sedimentation), we used electricity as a mechanism for experimental exclusion, in situ. In each stream, shrimps and/or fishes were excluded from specific areas of rock substrata in four pools using electric "fences" attached to solar-powered fence chargers. In the stream lacking predaceous fishes (Sonadora), the unelectrified control treatment was almost exclusively dominated by high densities of omnivorous shrimps that constantly ingested fine particulate material from rock surfaces. Consequently, the control had significantly lower levels of inorganic sediments, organic material, carbon and nitrogen than the exclusion treatment, as well as less variability in these parameters. Tenfold more organic material (as ash-free dry mass, AFDM) and fivefold more nitrogen accrued in shrimp exclosures (10.6 g AFDM/m2, 0.2 g N/m2) than in controls (1.1 g AFDM/m2, 0.04 g N/m2). By reducing th quantity of fine particulate organic material and associated nitrogen in benthic environments, omnivorous shrimps potentially affect the the supply of this important resource to other trophic levels. The small amount of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) that remained in control treatments (composed of sparse algal cells0 was of higher quality than that in shrimp exclosures. This is evidenced by the significantly lower carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio (an indicator of food quality, with relatively low C
Soil biota counts from the Elevational Transect (ET) experiment, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1993-2024, ongoing)
Investigation of the effect of elevation and topography on soil biota and soil properties was part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project. The number of soil organisms (nematodes, rotifers and tardigrades), divided by species, sex and maturity was monitored at 3 elevations, initially in Taylor Valley (1993) then Garwood and Miers Valleys (2012) in order to accomplish this.
Soil biota counts from the Biotic Effects Experiment (BEE), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1999-2024, ongoing)
Increases in soil temperature and moisture may change the bioavailability of essential elements by altering solubility and diffusion rates in soils, or by changing the amounts of organic compounds. Long-term experiments in the Bonney, Hoare and Fryxell basins have been established with three treatments: 1) increased moisture, 2) soil warming (ITEX chambers), and 3) soil warming + increased moisture. The identification and abundance of soil biota are reported. Only control treatments have been measured since the 2014-2015 austral summer.
Soil biota data from the Pulse-Press Project (P3), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2010-2020)
Climate warming in polar regions is associated with thawing of permafrost, resulting in significant changes in soil hydrology, biogeochemical cycling, and in the activity and composition of soil communities. While ongoing, directional climate warming can elicit such responses over decadal time scales, their manifestation typically occurs as discrete thawing pulses. Indeed, in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica abrupt changes in community structure and biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems following a summer warming event (Jan. 2002) exceeded the influences of a decadal cooling trend in both magnitude and rate of response. Thus, we anticipate that climate-mediated permafrost changes and their associated impacts on soil communities and biogeochemical cycles may occur over seasonal time scales. Our objective is to simulate different frequencies of permafrost thawing events in Antarctic permafrost soils. Since the top horizons of most Antarctic soils are dry permafrost (i.e., there is insufficient water content to generate ice-cement), with ice-cement or massive ice typically below 30 cm, permafrost thawing events are likely to result in subsurface movements of water that may manifest as groundwater seeps down gradient.
Dataset: Greenland environmental drivers and biota responses
<p>This dataset includes data on sea surface temperatures, sea ice concentration, sea ice seasonality, salinity, runoff form the Greenland ice sheet, cholorophyll a, and a litterature review. The data is divided into six regions around Greenland stretching 200 km of the coastline. Each region spans 9 degrees latitude.</p>
Figure 7 in A conservation palaeobiological approach to assess faunal response of threatened biota under natural and anthropogenic environmental change
Figure 7. Box plots show the distribution of relative abundances of the associations across the six facies types.
Figure 3 in A conservation palaeobiological approach to assess faunal response of threatened biota under natural and anthropogenic environmental change
Figure 3. Sampling locations of three expeditions in 2015–2017. The first (September–October 2015) and second expeditions (July 2016) were searching for living Pontocaspian molluscs in particular. The third expedition consisted of six transects sampled by GeoEcoMar in 2017 in search of any living mollusc. In the legend w/wo means with or without.
Figure 1 in A conservation palaeobiological approach to assess faunal response of threatened biota under natural and anthropogenic environmental change
Figure 1. Location of study area along the Romanian Black Sea coast with core locations indicated by black stars. (a) Danube Delta and RSL (modified after Vespremeanu-Stroe et al., 2017). (b) RSL bathymetry with location of study cores (modified after Dimitriu et al., 2008). Two current marine outlets are indicated by white arrows; a third outlet (Gura Portiţa) was closed in the 1970s and is indicated by a dashed white arrow.
Figure 6 in A conservation palaeobiological approach to assess faunal response of threatened biota under natural and anthropogenic environmental change
Figure 6. Overview of the 20 most abundant mollusc species grouped according to the results of Kendall's W coefficient of concordance (for k = 4). (a) Valvata piscinalis (RGM.1309841, Core C7, depth 6 cm). (b) Dreissena polymorpha (RGM.1309827, C7 – 6 cm). (c) Dreissena bugensis (RGM.1309846, C5 – 18 cm). (d) Adacna fragilis (RGM.1309835, C2 – 18 cm). (e) Monodacna colorata s.l. (RGM.1309823, C7 – 14 cm). (f) Rissoa membranacea (RGM.1309830, C3 – 48 cm). (g) Hypanis plicata (RGM.1309845, C9 – 3 cm). (h) Clathrocaspia knipowitschii (RGM.1309843, C11 – 102 cm). (i) Mytilaster minimus (RGM.1309838, C3 – 24 cm). (j) Ecrobia maritima (RGM.1309831, C3 – 48 cm). (k) Cerastoderma glaucum (RGM.1309844, C13 – 24 cm). (l) Abra segmentum (RGM.1309821, C1 – 48 cm). (m) Parthenia interstincta (RGM.1309832, C3 – 48 cm). (n) Lentidium mediterraneum (RGM.1309837, C4 – 12 cm). (o) Retusa truncatula (RGM.1309828, C2 – 42 cm). (p) Gyraulus crista (RGM.1309840, C5 – 54 cm). (q) Potamopyrgus antipodarum (RGM.1309836, C2 – 18 cm). (r) Lithoglyphus naticoides (RGM.1309842, C5 – 18 cm). (s) Theodoxus fluviatilis (RGM.1309826, C11 – 66 cm). (t) T. fluviatilis (RGM.1309824, C11 – 78 cm). (u) Theodoxus danubialis (RGM.1309839, C3 – 24 cm). (v) T. danubialis (RGM.1309834, C2 – 30 cm). Scale bars are 1 mm.
Figure 2 in A conservation palaeobiological approach to assess faunal response of threatened biota under natural and anthropogenic environmental change
Figure 2. Overview of core data. From left to right each core: core photograph, lithology, facies, fauna relative abundance per species group based on origin, evolution and estimated palaeosalinities.
Figure 5 in A conservation palaeobiological approach to assess faunal response of threatened biota under natural and anthropogenic environmental change
Figure 5. NMDS ordination plot of species compositions across samples grouped into lake regions (stress = 0.173). Optimum salinity and grain size were fitted as two-dimensional smooth surfaces to illustrate the associations with species composition. Species are marked with numbers: 1 – Planorbis planorbis, 2 – Clathrocaspia knipowitschii, 3 – Potamopyrgus antipodarum, 4 – Theodoxus danubialis, 5 – Planorbarius corneus, 6 – Abra segmentum, 7 – Rissoa membranacea, 8 – Valvata macrostoma, 9 – Hypanis plicata, 10 – Mytilaster minimus, 11 – Ecrobia maritima, 12 – Parthenia interstincta, 13 – Cerastoderma glaucum and 14 – Lentidium mediterraneum.
Figure 8 in A conservation palaeobiological approach to assess faunal response of threatened biota under natural and anthropogenic environmental change
Figure 8. Snapshot reconstructions of the evolution of the RSL and their mollusc biota. The names of major sand barriers are indicated in yellow, while those of deltaic lobes are in black. The names in parentheses and italic font are currently inactive lobes. Pie charts indicate the relative abundance of the three associations in the time interval of ±50 years of the indicated snapshot: blue – Association I (freshwater); green – Association II (Pontocaspian), orange – Association III (marine), grey – rest of the group. Water colours indicate a salinity gradient: blue is Black Sea influence (18 psu); green is river influence (0 psu). Note the freshening of the system and according changes in species associations with the decreasing influence of mesohaline waters from the Black Sea.
Figure 4 in A conservation palaeobiological approach to assess faunal response of threatened biota under natural and anthropogenic environmental change
Figure 4. Spatiotemporal salinity variations in the RSL. For each sample, the salinity was calculated by weighted averaging of the species' optimum salinities. Salinity categories adapted from Strydom et al. (2003). Snapshots referred to in the Discussion are indicated with letters A–F.
FIG. 13 in Crayfishes from the Jehol biota
FIG. 13. — Two types of preservation: A, B, NIGP-126354, a possible fossil corpse (A) as shown by the presence of an infilled proctodeum (B); C, fossilized moult NIGP-Shen-RT132 (C) as shown by the disconnection of the cephalothorax shield, thinness of the exoskeleton and lack of fossilized soft-parts. Photographs: D. Audo. Scale bars: 10 mm.
FIG. 7 in Crayfishes from the Jehol biota
FIG. 7. — Palaeocambarus licenti (Van Straelen, 1928), specimen NIGP-175159 with well-preserved ornamentation of first pereiopod (thoracopod 4). Photograph: D.-Y. Huang. Scale bars: 20 mm.
FIG. 3 in Crayfishes from the Jehol biota
FIG. 3. — Ischial hooks in P. licenti: A-D, on specimen NIGP-126337 (holotype of Cricoidoscelosus aethus), ventral view in cross-polarized light (A) and interpretative line-drawing (B); C, D, detailed view of the base of P2-P4 (th5-th7) (C), and interpretative line drawing (D) – note that C and D are aligned horizontally for convenience; E, F, on specimen NIGP-Shen-22, detail of the ischium of P4 (th7). Abbreviations: a1, antennula; a2, antenna; ba, basipod; cx, coxa; epi, epistome; ex, uropodal exopod; go, male gonopod; isc, ischium; md, mandible; me, merus; mxp3, maxilliped 3 (thoracopod 3); P1-P5, pereiopods 1-5 (thoracopod 4-8); pl3, pleopod 3; r, rostrum; s2, pleonite 2; sc, scaphocerite. Photographs: A, D. Audo; C, E, D.-Y. Huang. Scale bars: A, B, 20 mm; C-F, 2 mm.
FIG. 11 in Crayfishes from the Jehol biota
FIG. 11. — Scientific reconstructions in lateral view of Palaeastacus licenti. Drawing: C. Letenneur (UMR 7207 CR2P).
FIG. 12 in Crayfishes from the Jehol biota
FIG. 12. — Eyes and gastroliths: detail of the eye of spec11 (A) and specimen with gastroliths NIGP-126353, whole specimen in dorsal view, in cross-polarized light (B) and close-up of the gastroliths imprint, in cross-polarized light (C). Photographs: D. Audo. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 20 mm; C, 10 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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