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9 results for “biotic control”
Disentangling abiotic and biotic controls of age-0 Pacific herring population stability across the San Francisco Estuary
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Data for Context-dependent biotic interactions control plant abundance across altitudinal environmental gradients, 2014, 2016, Colorado, USA
Many biotic interactions influence community structure, yet most distribution models for plants have focused on plant competition or used only abiotic variables to predict plant abundance. Furthermore, biotic interactions are commonly context-dependent across abiotic gradients. For example, plant-plant interactions can grade from competition to facilitation over temperature gradients. We used a hierarchical Bayesian framework to predict the abundances of 12 plant species across a mountain landscape and test hypotheses on the context-dependency of biotic interactions over abiotic gradients. We combined field-based estimates of six biotic interactions (foliar herbivory and pathogen damage, fungal root colonization, fossorial mammal disturbance, plant cover, and plant diversity) with abiotic data on climate and soil depth, nutrients, and moisture. All biotic interactions were significantly context-dependent along temperature gradients. Results supported the stress gradient hypothesis: As abiotic stress increased, the strength or direction of the relationship between biotic variables and plant abundance generally switched from negative (suggesting suppressed plant abundance) to positive (suggesting facilitation/mutualism). For half of the species, plant cover was the best predictor of abundance, suggesting that the prior focus on plant-plant interactions is well-justified. Explicitly incorporating the context-dependency of biotic interactions generated novel hypotheses about drivers of plant abundance across abiotic gradients and may improve the accuracy of niche models.
Biotic and abiotic factors controlling spatial variation of mean carbon turnover time in forest soil
<p><strong>Data description</strong></p> <p>This dataset is associated with the paper "Biotic and abiotic factors controlling spatial variation of mean carbon turnover time in forest soil". This dataset includes the soil organic carbon turnover time (τ<sub>soc</sub>) based on radiocarbon signals at the global and regional scales.</p> <p><strong>Global synthesis</strong></p> <p>The analysis of global soil radiocarbon data was done using the International Soil Radiocarbon Database (ISRaD v.1.0; Lawrence et al., 2020). ISRaD is an open source data with the records of 8 biomes (<em>i.e.,</em> forest, grassland, cropland, shrubland, savanna, tundra, permafrost, and others). Since we focus on the turnover time of SOC (τ<sub>soc</sub>) based on radiocarbon occurring in the natural forest ecosystem, so we limited our study to data from soil depth within 200 cm in the forest ecosystem. We built a database of radiocarbon-based soil turnover time (τ<sub>soc</sub>) of 1897 soil samples from 245 forest locations worldwide. It covers a wide geographical range (35.65 <sup>o</sup>S ‒ 68.8 <sup>o</sup>N; 159.64 °W – 173.57 °E) and a broad nature climate zone (-5.2 <sup>o</sup>C to 40.0<sup> o</sup>C; 58.66 mm to 6900 mm) over the half a century (1958 – 2017). Where forest age is missing, we derived it from The global forest age dataset (GFAD v 1.0; Poulter et al., 2018). The GFAD database represents the distribution of forest stand age during 2000 – 2010 years.</p> <p><strong>Regional analysis</strong></p> <p><strong> Soil sampling in forests across the Eastern Asian Monsoon region</strong></p> <p>We sampled soils from twelve permanent forest plots in five mountains in the Eastern Asian Monsoon region (Table 1, Figure 1, and S1). Five of the twelve forest plots are members of the Smithsonian Forest Global Earth Observatory network (ForestGEO, https://forestgeo.si.edu/; Anderson-Teixeira et al., 2018; Chu et al., 2019). The other seven forest plots are members of China's National Ecosystem Research Network (CNERN, http://www.cern.ac.cn). In the Eastern Asian Monsoon region, more than half of the total annual rainfall occurs in the summer season (<em>i.e.</em>, June, July, and August) (Tardif et al., 2020; Tian et al., 2003). We estimated the τ<sub>soc</sub> by the radiocarbon dating analysis of up to 100 cm of soil depth in each forest plot. For each plot, we separated the whole soil increment into the surface (0 – 30 cm) and deep (30 – 100 cm) layers to test the radiocarbon signal due to the high financial cost. Details of the location, climate, and vegetation for each sampling site are provided in Table 1 and Supplementary Text 1.</p> <p>Nine soil cores (2.5 cm in diameter) were collected in each forest plot, and a depth of 10 cm separated each soil column from 0 to 100 cm. In total, 108 soil profiles were sampled across the 12 forest plots. The accumulated aboveground litter was collected and measured in an area of 50 cm × 50 cm in each forest plot, with three replicates adjacent to each soil profile. Fine roots (< 2 mm in diameter) were manually picked from soil samples. The litter and root samples were dried at 65 °C for 48 hours using an oven and then weighed for dry mass. The elevation and other geographic information of each forest plot were measured during the soil sampling. </p>
Data from: Controls on niche stability in geologic time Congruent responses to biotic and abiotic environmental changes among Cincinnatian (Late Ordovician) marine invertebrates
The set of environmental conditions under which a taxon can survive and maintain viable populations, known as the ecological niche, is a fundamental determinant of a taxon's distribution. Because of the central importance of ecological niches, they have been assumed to remain relatively stable during intervals of morphological stasis. However, the assumption of niche stability has rarely been tested directly with fossil data spanning multiple temporal intervals. Thus, the conditions under which this assumption is likely to be accurate are not well understood. In this study, we use ecological niche modeling (ENM) to reconstruct the ecological niche for 11 genera of marine benthos (crinoids, trilobites, molluscs, bryozoans, and corals) from the Type Cincinnatian Series (Late Ordovician, Katian Stage) across nine temporal intervals spanning approximately three million years. This interval includes both abiotic environmental change (gradual sea-level fall) and biotic change (rapid pulses of the Richmondian Invasion), thus allowing the relative effect of different environmental perturbations to be constrained. A previous symmetrical analysis of niche stability of brachiopod species recovered an increase in niche evolution following the Richmondian Invasion. Herein we test the generality of the brachiopod pattern within the community. Niche stability was evaluated in geographic space, ecological space, and niche parameter space. Niche stability varied through time; during the Pre-Invasion interval, taxa exhibited niche stability during gradual shallowing of sea level in the basin, whereas niche evolution became more common during the Richmondian Invasion. Taxa adjusted to the increased competition by altering aspects of their niche. Notably, surviving taxa contracted their niche into a subset of their previous niche parameters. This represents an adaptive response to increased competition for resources with the newly established invader taxa, and it was employed most successfully by generalist taxa. Patterns of niche evolution were congruent between clades, among feeding styles, and across taxonomic levels.
Biota-mediated carbon cycling – a synthesis of biotic-interaction controls on blue carbon
<p><span>Research on biotic interactions has been a core theme of ecology for over a century. However, despite the obvious role that biota play in the global carbon cycle, effects of biotic interactions on carbon pools and fluxes are poorly understood. Here we develop a conceptual framework that illustrates the importance of biotic interactions in regulating carbon cycling based on a literature review and quantitative synthesis by means of meta-analysis. Our study focuses on blue carbon ecosystems, vegetated coastal ecosystems that function as the most effective long-term CO<sub>2</sub> sinks of the biosphere. We demonstrate that a multitude of mutualistic, competitive and consumer-resource interactions between plants, animals and microbiota exert strong effects on carbon cycling across various spatial scales ranging from the rhizosphere to the landscape scale. Climate-change sensitive abiotic factors modulate the strength of biotic-interaction effects on carbon fluxes, suggesting that the importance of biota-mediated carbon cycling will change under future climatic conditions Strong effects of biotic interactions on carbon cycling imply that biosphere-climate feedbacks may not be sufficiently represented in current Earth system models. Inclusion of new functional groups in these models, and new approaches to simplify species interactions, may thus improve predictions of biotic effects on the global climate.</span></p>
Biota-mediated carbon cycling – a synthesis of biotic-interaction controls on blue carbon
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Data from: Abiotic, biotic and evolutionary control of the distribution of C and N isotopes in food webs
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Data from: Controls on niche stability in geologic time Congruent responses to biotic and abiotic environmental changes among Cincinnatian (Late Ordovician) marine invertebrates
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Data from: Plant traits and plant biogeography control the biotic resistance provided by generalist herbivores
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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