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8 results for “biotic homogenisation”
Data from: Temporal biotic homogenisation patterns due to urbanisation are taxon-dependent
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Data from: No biotic homogenisation across decades but consistent effects of landscape position and pH on macrophyte communities in boreal lakes
<p>It has been predicted that spatial beta diversity shows a decreasing trend in the Anthropocene due to increasing human impact, causing biotic homogenisation. We aimed to discover if vascular aquatic macrophyte communities show different spatial patterns in beta diversity in relation to land use and environmental characteristics in different decades from 1940s to 2010s. We aimed to discover if spatial structures differ between species-, phylogeny- and functional-based beta diversity. We used presence-absence data of aquatic macrophytes from five decades from small boreal lakes. We utilized generalised dissimilarity modelling to analyse spatial patterns in beta diversity in relation to environmental gradients. We found that lake elevation and pH were the most important variables in each decade, while land use was not particularly important in shaping beta diversity patterns. We did not find signs of a decreasing trend in spatial beta diversity in our study area during the past 70 years. We did not find signs of either biotic homogenisation or biotic differentiation (taxonomic, phylogenetic or functional). Vascular aquatic macrophyte communities showed only slightly different beta diversity patterns in relation to human impact across decades. The patterns of different facets of beta diversity diverged only slightly from each other. Lake position in the landscape, reflecting both natural connectivity and lake characteristics, explained the patterns found in beta diversity, probably because our study area has faced only modest changes in land use from 1940s to 2010s when compared globally. Our study highlights the fact that biotic homogenisation is not an unambiguous process acting similarly at all spatial and temporal scales or in different environments and different organism groups.</p>
Data from: Unravelling the complexities of temporal biotic homogenisation and heterogenization: Avian assemblage dynamics in Britain
<p>Biotic homogenization is a process whereby species assemblages become more similar through time. The standard way of identifying the process of biotic homogenization is to look for decreases in spatial beta-diversity. However, using a single assemblage-level metric to assess homogenization can mask important changes in the occupancy patterns of individual species. Here, we analysed changes in the spatial beta-diversity patterns (i.e., biotic heterogenization or homogenization) of British bird assemblages within 30km x 30km regions between two periods (1988-1991 and 2008-2011). We partitioned the change in spatial beta-diversity into extirpation and colonisation resultant change (i.e., change in spatial beta-diversity within each region resulting from both extirpation and colonisation). We used measures of abiotic change in combination with Bayesian modelling to disentangle the drivers of biotic heterogenization and homogenization. We detected both heterogenization and homogenization across the two time periods and three measures of diversity (taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional). In addition, both extirpation and colonisation contributed to the observed changes, with heterogenization mainly driven by extirpation and homogenization by colonisation. These assemblage-level changes were primarily due to shifting occupancy patterns of generalist species. Compared to habitat generalists, habitat specialists had significantly (i) higher average contributions to colonisation resultant change (indicating heterogenization within a region due to colonisation) and (ii) lower average contributions to extirpation resultant change (indicating homogenization from extirpation). Generalists showed the opposite pattern. Increased extirpation resultant homogenization within regions was associated with increased urban land cover and decreased habitat diversity, precipitation, and temperature. Changes in extirpation resultant heterogenization and colonisation resultant heterogenization were associated with differences in elevation between regions and changes in temperature and land cover. Many of the 'winners' (i.e., species that increased in occupancy) were species that had benefitted from conservation action (e.g., buzzard (<em>Buteo buteo</em>)). The 'losers' (i.e., those that decreased in occupancy) consisted primarily of previously common species, such as cuckoo (<em>Cuculus canorus</em>). Our results show that focusing purely on changes in spatial beta-diversity over time may obscure important information about how changes in the occupancy patterns of individual species contribute to homogenization and heterogenization.</p>
Data from: Unravelling the complexities of temporal biotic homogenisation and heterogenization: Avian assemblage dynamics in Britain
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Data from: No biotic homogenisation across decades but consistent effects of landscape position and pH on macrophyte communities in boreal lakes
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Linking biotic homogenisation with large-scale changes of species' associations
<p><span><span>This is the dataset used for the manuscript</span></span><em> Linking biotic homogenisation with large-scalechanges of species' associations</em></p> <p><span><span><b>Aim: </b><span>The impact of global change on biodiversity is commonly assessed in terms of changes in species distributions, community richness and community composition. Whether and how much associations between species, </span><i><span>i.e.</span></i><span> the degree of correlation in their spatial co-occurrence, </span><span>are also </span><span>chang</span><span>ing</span><span> is much less documented and mostly limited to local studies of ecological networks. </span><span>Here, we propose to quantify the large-scale patterns and changes of species' associations in bird communities</span><span> in relation to modifications in species composition</span><span>.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Location:</b><span> France.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Time period:</b><span> 2001-2017.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Major taxa studied:</b><span> Common breeding birds.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Methods: </b><span>We use network approaches to build three community-aggregated indices reflecting complementary aspects of species' associations. We characterise the spatio-temporal heterogeneity and dynamics of these indices using a large</span><span>-</span><span>scale</span><span> and high-resolution dataset of bird co-abundances of more than 100 species</span><span> monitored</span><span> for 17 years (2001-2017) from 1,969 sites across France. We </span><span>finally</span><span> test whether spatial and temporal changes in species association networks are related to species homogenisation estimated as the spatio-temporal dynamics of β-diversity</span><span>.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Results: </b><span>We document non-random spatial distribution of both structure and temporal changes in species association networks.</span><span> W</span><span>e </span><span>also </span><span>report a</span><span> directional change in </span><span>association-based</span><span> indices </span><span>with</span><span> β-diversity </span><span>modifications </span><span>in space and time, suggesting a hitherto overlooked aspect of biotic homogenisation affecting species' associations.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Main Conclusions: </b><span>Although species association networks are only approximations of species</span><span>'</span><span> interactions, our study highlights that</span><span> the modifications of</span><span> species association networ</span><span>ks </span><span>have to be considered</span><span>,</span><span> in addition to species </span><span>turnover</span><span>,</span><span> as biodiversity</span><span> fac</span><span>es </span><span>global change.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><b>Keywords:</b> Avifauna, β-diversity, homogenisation, community, interaction network, species' association.</span></span></span></p>
Data from: Exploring the biotic homogenisation and diversity resistance hypotheses: the understorey of non-native and native woodland canopies in three urban areas of Europe
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Biotic homogenisation in bird communities leads to large-scale changes in species associations
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