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52 results for “bioturbation”
Influence of cockle bioturbation on microphytobenthic primary producers: habitat and density-dependent effect
The purpose of this study was to better understand the non-trophic interactions of benthic macrofauna, especially through their bioturbation activity, on microphytobenthos (MPB), which remain poorly studied and understood. For this purpose, a mesocosm experiment was performed, using the common cockles Cerastoderma edule. This species plays a key role in coastal ecosystem, especially impacting sediment characteristics and biogeochemistry through their bioturbation, including sediment reworking and bioirrigation. For the first time, bioturbation rates, biogeochemical fluxes at the sediment-water interface and MPB biomass and photosynthetic variables were measured at the same time. The effect of cockles density and sediment type were also investigated. This mesocosm experiment took place at the marine station of Arcachon. Experimental units consisted of PVC tubes filled with 2 types of sediment (medium sand or fine sand; samples in Arachon Bay and Baie des Veys in France). Then, 4 density of cockles were added in triplicate (0, 288, 720 and 1,297 ind. m-2), for each sediment type. The whole design was repeated twice, because in one of them luminophores were added at the top to measure sediment reworking, and could interfere with fluorescence measurement of MPB variables. All experimental units were incubated 6 days into a big tank, with artificial tide and light. Dissolved tracers were added into the natural seawater (close system) to measure bioirrigation rates of cockles. After 6 days, regarding experimental units with luminophores, they were slices and porewater was extracted to quantify bioturbation rates. Regarding units without luminophores, surface biomass and photosynthetic parameters of MPB were first measured in all unit with an IMAGING PAM. Then, oxygen and nutrient fluxes at the sediment water interface were measured using incubations. And finally, the first centimeter was sliced to measure total MPB biomass. This study demonstrated that bioturbation intens
SMLBase: Global compilation of surface mixed layer parameters (sedimentation rate, bioturbation depth, mixing intensity) from marine environments
<p>A global compilation of sediment surface mixed layer parameters from marine environments, compiled from published literature. The database contains parameters of advective (sedimentation rate) and diffusive (biodiffusion, bioturbation depth) particle movement estimated from tracer experiments, combined into box models.<br>Database associated with the data report published under <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.1013174">https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.1013174</a></p>
Text-fig. 7. Vertical polished sections of samples from selected layers. a: Layer No. 2, completely bioturbated, collection of the Czech Geological Survey (abbr. BK), BK 7; b: Layer No. 3, low: nearly completely bioturbated, upper: cross- to ripple bedding, weakly bioturbated, BK 6; c: Layer No. 7, incompletely bioturbated siltstone/mudstone, BK 5; d: Layer No. 8, low: totally bioturbated background with Zoophycos ichnofabric, upper: spotted, completely bioturbated siltstone, BK 4; e: Layer No. 8, low: in Early Complex Tiering Pattern: Upper Ordovician, Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 7. Vertical polished sections of samples from selected layers. a: Layer No. 2, completely bioturbated, collection of the Czech Geological Survey (abbr. BK), BK 7; b: Layer No. 3, low: nearly completely bioturbated, upper: cross- to ripple bedding, weakly bioturbated, BK 6; c: Layer No. 7, incompletely bioturbated siltstone/mudstone, BK 5; d: Layer No. 8, low: totally bioturbated background with Zoophycos ichnofabric, upper: spotted, completely bioturbated siltstone, BK 4; e: Layer No. 8, low:
Greigite formation modulated by turbidites and bioturbation in deep-sea sediments offshore Sumatra
<p>This repository contains the rock magnetic and paleomagnetic data, TOC and TN data, and XRD spectra data associated with the research paper titled "Greigite formation modulated by turbidites and bioturbation in deep-sea sediments offshore Sumatra" by Yang et al. published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Volume127, Issue11, e2022JB024734, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB024734</p>
Text-fig. 6. a. Vertical section showing part of body-chamber of a Cenoceras in the top of the Main Cenoceras Bed associated with attached oysters below and stringers of crinoid debris below and stretching laterally. Coin 23 mm in diameter. b. Complete lateral half of conch showing intact and elastically deformed septa on which rests crinoid debris that spreads across the exposed septa and onto the adjacent substrate. Conch approximately 180 mm in diameter. c. Individual showing dispersed crinoid and molluscan debris within body-chamber and septa in the crushed inner whorls that have taken a sparite cement prior to, and after having undergone brittle deformation. 160 mm in diameter. d. Vertically embedded specimen showing the loss of septa in the inner whorls that are infilled with matrix mottled by bioturbation. Tape measure provides scale. in 'Cenoceras Islands' In The Blue Lias Formation (Lower Jurassic) Of West Somerset, Uk: Nautilid Dominance And Influence On Benthic Faunas
Text-fig. 6. a. Vertical section showing part of body-chamber of a Cenoceras in the top of the Main Cenoceras Bed associated with attached oysters below and stringers of crinoid debris below and stretching laterally. Coin 23 mm in diameter. b. Complete lateral half of conch showing intact and elastically deformed septa on which rests crinoid debris that spreads across the exposed septa and onto the adjacent substrate. Conch approximately 180 mm in diameter. c. Individual showing dispersed crinoid and molluscan debris within body-chamber and septa in the crushed inner whorls that have taken a sparite cement prior to, and after having undergone brittle deformation. 160 mm in diameter. d. Vertically embedded specimen showing the loss of septa in the inner whorls that are infilled with matrix mottled by bioturbation. Tape measure provides scale.
Text-fig. 7. a. Worn section through a horizontally bedded body-chamber and phragmocone, body-chamber showing oyster attached to inside of aperture as well as burrow mottling. Tape measure provides scale. b. Body-chamber and crushed phragmocone with body-chamber and phragmocone entirely filled with bioturbated matrix containing stringers of crinoid and molluscan debris. Flank of phragmocone encrusted by oysters. Tape measure for scale. c. Complex of Thallassinoides and Diplocraterion burrows associated with conch that has been eroded out by wave action. A few 'Ghostly' fragments of ammonite are also present. Original scope of the image approximately 400 mm. c. Verically embedded conch with largely intact septa and camera infilled with burrowed matrix containing crinoid debris. Tape measure for scale. in 'Cenoceras Islands' In The Blue Lias Formation (Lower Jurassic) Of West Somerset, Uk: Nautilid Dominance And Influence On Benthic Faunas
Text-fig. 7. a. Worn section through a horizontally bedded body-chamber and phragmocone, body-chamber showing oyster attached to inside of aperture as well as burrow mottling. Tape measure provides scale. b. Body-chamber and crushed phragmocone with body-chamber and phragmocone entirely filled with bioturbated matrix containing stringers of crinoid and molluscan debris. Flank of phragmocone encrusted by oysters. Tape measure for scale. c. Complex of Thallassinoides and Diplocraterion burrows associated with conch that has been eroded out by wave action. A few 'Ghostly' fragments of ammonite are also present. Original scope of the image approximately 400 mm. c. Verically embedded conch with largely intact septa and camera infilled with burrowed matrix containing crinoid debris. Tape measure for scale.
Bioturbation increases time averaging despite promoting shell disintegration: a test using anthropogenic gradients in sediment accumulation and burrowing on the southern California shelf
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Impact of sediment bioturbation on microphytobenthic primary producers: importance of macrobenthic functional traits
Microphytobenthos (MPB) is one of the most important primary producers in coastal and estuarine ecosystems, where it plays a substantial role in many ecological functions. While the influence of several environmental factors on MPB biomass and productivity is well documented, the effects of macrofaunal bioturbation remain poorly assessed. The purpose of this study was to experimentally quantify the influence of sediment bioturbation processes (i.e., sediment reworking and bioirrigation) on biogeochemical fluxes across the sediment–water interface and MPB biomass and photosynthetic capacities. Two infaunal deposit feeders (the polychaete Hediste diversicolor and the bivalve Scrobicularia plana) exhibiting contrasting bioturbation modes and rates were studied as model organisms. They differently affected MPB biomass and photosynthetic performance. Hence, through an intense bioirrigation activity and the stimulation of nutrient fluxes (NH4+, NOx, PO42- and dSi) at the sediment surface, H. diversicolor enhanced MPB growth, which seemed to compensate for its direct consumption. Conversely, high sediment reworking rates generated by S. plana, associated with an extensive grazing pressure, drastically limited the development of MPB at the sediment surface. The negative impact of bivalves on MPB biomass increased with increasing density, while there was no significant relationship with polychaete density, possibly due to trophic competition. This study demonstrates that macrofaunal bioturbation is a key factor regulating MPB dynamics, with complex interactions that can result in a net either positive or negative effect depending on dominant species functional traits and abundances. This may, in particular, explain the strong spatial and temporal variability of the microbenthic primary productivity in intertidal mudflats.
Data from: Non-consumptive predator effects modify crayfish induced bioturbation as mediated by limb loss: field and mesocosm experiments
1. We addressed the implications of limb loss and regeneration for multi-species interactions and their impacts on ecosystem engineering in freshwater stream environments. 2. We included regenerative and non-regenerative crayfish as well as fish predators in a 2x2 factorial design to assess the effects on water turbidity of interactions between crayfish ecosystem engineers differing in regenerative status and their fish predators. 3. We demonstrated that crayfish limb loss and predation risks lead to more turbidity in field and mesocosm conditions. Moreover, ongoing regeneration of crayfish increased turbidity, while fish presence seemed to hinder crayfish turbidity-inducing behaviors (such as tail-flipping and burrowing) in the mesocosm experiment. 4. We confirmed that greater numbers of crayfish produce a greater amount of turbidity in-situ in streams. 5. Although mechanical burrowing crayfish capacities may depend on crayfish burrowing classification (primary, secondary, or tertiary), our work emphasizes the implication for turbidity levels of crayfish autotomy in freshwater streams.
Data from: Bioturbation by mammals and fire interact to alter ecosystem-level nutrient dynamics in longleaf pine forests
Activities of ecosystem engineers can interact with other disturbances to modulate rates of key processes such as productivity and nutrient cycling. Bioturbation, movement of soil by organisms, is a widespread form of ecosystem engineering in terrestrial ecosystems. We propose that bioturbation by southeastern pocket gophers (Geomys pinetis), an abundant but declining ecosystem engineer in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests, accelerates nutrient dynamics of the forest floor by burying litter and then reduces litter consumption and nitrogen (N) volatilization losses in the presence of fire. We evaluated our hypothesis by measuring how litter burial alters decomposition and N and phosphorus (P) turnover of longleaf pine and turkey oak (Quercus laevis Walt.) litter over four years, and then simulated interactive ecosystem-level effects of litter burial and low-intensity fires on N and P dynamics of the litter layer. In the field, mass loss was over two times greater and N and P were released much more rapidly from litter buried beneath mounds than on the surface of the forest floor. At a measured rate of mound formation covering 2.3 ± 0.6% of the forest floor per year, litter mass and N and P content of the forest floor simulated over an eight-year period were approximately 11% less than amounts in areas without pocket gopher mounds. In contrast to unburied litter, litter beneath mounds is protected from consumption during fires, and as fire interval increased, consumption rates decreased because mounds cover more years of accumulated litter. Our research indicates that bioturbation and burial of litter by pocket gophers accelerates turnover of N and P on the forest floor, and in the presence of fire, conserves N in this ecosystem where productivity is known to be nutrient limited.
Oxygen concentration profiles data and code from: Langet et al., 2023, Single-celled bioturbators: benthic foraminifera mediate oxygen penetration and prokaryotic diversity in intertidal sediment
<p>This archive contains the data of measured oxygen profile and the scripts used to generate the oxygen surface fluxes for the article</p><p>Langlet, D., Mermillod-Blondin, F., Deldicq, N., Bauville, A., Duong, G., Konecny, L., Hugoni, M., Denis, L., and Bouchet, V. M. P.: Single-celled bioturbators: benthic foraminifera mediate oxygen penetration and prokaryotic diversity in intertidal sediment, Biogeosciences, 20, 4875–4891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, 2023.</p>
Dataset of nanoplastic transport in soil via bioturbation by Lumbricus terrestris
<p>The dataset comprises data acquired in laboratory-based process-studies with microcosms on the transport of nanoplastics (polystyrene, 256 nm diameter) in an agricultural soil via bioturbation over the course of 4 weeks. Transport of nanoplastics was monitored through the use of palladium (Pd)-doped nanoplastics (0.24 % w/w) by analyzing soil samples at specific depths (0-2 cm, 2-6 cm, 6-15 cm, 15-29 cm) after defined experimental times (7, 14, 21, 28 days). Microcosms consisted of 30 cm height, 10 cm diameter soil columns which were set up with or without earthworms and with or without nanoplastics spiked to the uppermost 2 cm. Two experimental runs were executed with the first (Exp1) designed to focus on the average transport within the soil profile over time, and the second (Exp2) focussing on the smaller scale distribution of the nanoplastics in the soil (i.e. soil matrix versus drilosphere) while monitoring earthworm burrow development over time using X-ray computed tomography. In the first experiment, earthworms were measured for their nanoplastic content after the experiment.</p> <p>The dataset made available here comprises the details of the microcosm setup for Exp1 and Exp2, details on detected nanoplastic concentrations for the average soil profile (Exp1), drilosphere and soil matrix (Exp2), as well as detected concentrations in earthworm tissue and monitoring of earthworm weight (Exp1). A selection of X-ray CT images is also provided, chosen based on the considered highest relevance. X-ray CT scans of other measurement timepoints are available upon request.</p>
Data for "The impacts of bioturbation by common marsh crabs on sediment erodibility: a laboratory flume investigation"
<p>This repository contains supporting data for the paper, "The impacts of bioturbation by common marsh crabs on sediment erodibility: a laboratory flume investigation." This includes data collected during the flume experiment described within the paper, and flow velocity data collected during field validation.</p>
Logging of rainforest and conversion to oil palm reduces bioturbator diversity but not levels of bioturbation.
<p>This dataset contains data about bioturbation performed by different soil animals in three types of differently degraded habitats in Sabah, Borneo. This include not only levels of bioturbation, but also data about the numbers, growth and turnover of termite mounds plus litter depth for each sampling point. </p>
Data from: Bioturbation by mammals and fire interact to alter ecosystem-level nutrient dynamics in longleaf pine forests
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Data from: Nonconsumptive predator effects modify crayfish-induced bioturbation as mediated by limb loss: field and mesocosm experiments
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Nutrient release from moose bioturbation in aquatic ecosystems
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Dataset of nanoplastic transport in soil via bioturbation by Lumbricus terrestris
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Laboratory mesocosm data measuring the impact of bioturbation frequency on greenhouse gas emissions from reservoir sediments
Inland aquatic systems are major global contributors to the atmospheric carbon budget through greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, although the amount and form of carbon released varies widely across and within systems. Bioturbation of aquatic sediments can impact biogeochemical conditions and physically release sediment-bound bubbles containing GHGs, but variation in the frequency of such disturbance may modify the rate and composition of resulting GHG emissions. We hypothesized that an intermediate bioturbation frequency would result in the greatest methane (CH4) releases due to mechanical release of trapped bubbles, while frequent disturbance would result in greater diffusive carbon dioxide (CO2) releases relative to CH4, due to increased aeration of the sediment. We tested this bioturbation frequency hypothesis using laboratory mesocosms containing homogenized reservoir sediment. We used mechanical disturbance to simulate bioturbation at 3, 7, 14, or 21-day intervals; a control treatment was undisturbed for the duration of the experiment. We measured GHG emission (ebullition and diffusion) rates. An intermediate frequency of disturbance (7 days) produced the highest total GHG emission rate, while the most frequent disturbance interval (3 days) and least frequent interval (0 days) reduced overall GHG emissions relative to weekly disturbance by 24% and 15%, respectively. These patterns were primarily driven by differences in CH4 ebullition. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no relationship between disturbance frequency and diffusive CO2 emissions. For all disturbance treatments, the majority of ebullition occurred during disturbance events, suggesting mechanical release of entrapped bubbles is an important emission mechanism. The frequency of disturbance has variable effects on GHG emissions and may explain conflicting results in prior studies of bioturbation. Our study provides insight into bioturbation as a driver of within-system variation in GHG emissions and h
Data from: Tracing the effects of eutrophication on molluscan communities in sediment cores: outbreaks of an opportunistic species coincide with reduced bioturbation and high frequency of hypoxia in the Adriatic Sea
Estimating the effects and timing of anthropogenic impacts on the composition of macrobenthic communities is challenging because early 20th century surveys are sparse and the corresponding intervals in sedimentary sequences are mixed by bioturbation. Here, to assess the effects of eutrophication on macrobenthic communities in the northern Adriatic Sea, we account for mixing with dating of the bivalve Corbula gibba at two stations with high sediment accumulation (Po prodelta) and one station with moderate accumulation (Isonzo prodelta). We find that, first, pervasively bioturbated muds typical of highstand conditions deposited in the early 20th century were replaced by muds with relicts of flood layers and high content of total organic carbon (TOC) deposited in the late 20th century at the Po prodelta. The 20th century shelly muds at the Isonzo prodelta are amalgamated but also show an upward increase in TOC. Second, dating of C. gibba shells shows that the shift from the early to the late 20th century is characterized by a decrease in stratigraphic disorder and by an increase in temporal resolution of death assemblages from ~25-50 years to ~10-20 years in both regions. This shift reflects a decline in the depth of the fully-mixed layer from more than 20 cm to few centimeters. Third, the increase in abundance of the opportunistic species C. gibba and the loss of formerly abundant, hypoxia-sensitive species coincided with the decline in bioturbation, higher preservation of organic matter, and higher frequency of seasonal hypoxia in both regions. This depositional and ecosystem regime shift occurred in ~1950 AD. Therefore, the effects of enhanced food supply on macrobenthic communities were overwhelmed by oxygen depletion even when hypoxic conditions are limited to few weeks per year in the northern Adriatic Sea. Preservation of trends in molluscan abundance and flood events in sedimentary sequences was enhanced by eutrophication that reduced bioturbational mixing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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