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Text-fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Normapolles flowers/fruits from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Budvaricarpus serialis, aggregation of laterally fused fruits supported by a common bract (br – bract, hp – hypanthium), no. NM-F 3160; b: Budvaricarpus sp., aggregation of laterally fused fruits supported by several bracts, no. NM-F 3619; c: Caryanthus trebecnsis, reproductive unit consists of three bisexual, epigynous flowers/young fruits, no. NM-F 3286; d: Dahlergeniantus sp., hypogynous flower with radial symmetry, no. NM-F 4495; e: Calathiocarpus sp., epigynous flower with radial symmetry, no. NM-F 4631; f: Caryanthus sp. 1, ribbed fruit–nut of deltoid shape, no. NM-F 3208; g: Zlivifructus vachae, bisymmetrical flower with four tepals and four stamens, no. NM-F 3172; h: Taxon 3, ribbed fruit of Normapolles affinity, no. NM-F 3724. in Plant Mesofossils From The Late Cretaceous Klikov Formation, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Normapolles flowers/fruits from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Budvaricarpus serialis, aggregation of laterally fused fruits supported by a common bract (br – bract, hp – hypanthium), no. NM-F 3160; b: Budvaricarpus sp., aggregation of laterally fused fruits supported by several bracts, no. NM-F 3619; c: Caryanthus trebecnsis, reproductive unit consists of three bisexual, epigynous flowers/young fruits, no. NM-F 3286; d: Dahlergeniantus sp., hypogynous flower with radial symmetry, no. NM-F 4495; e: Calathiocarpus sp., epigynous flower with radial symmetry, no. NM-F 4631; f: Caryanthus sp. 1, ribbed fruit–nut of deltoid shape, no. NM-F 3208; g: Zlivifructus vachae, bisymmetrical flower with four tepals and four stamens, no. NM-F 3172; h: Taxon 3, ribbed fruit of Normapolles affinity, no. NM-F 3724.

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Fig. 3 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 3. Dorsolateral views of three whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis). Upper, diploid unisexual A. dixoni C from Antelope Pass (AMNH R-148360, body length 96 mm). Middle, triploid female hybrid of A. dixoni C X A. tigris punctilinealis from Antelope Pass (AMNH R-148141, body length 93 mm). Lower, diploid bisexual A. t. punctilinealis male from Antelope Pass (AMNH R-148113, body length 90 mm).

Figure 19 in Distribution of bisexual and unisexual species in the aphid genus Colopha Monell (Aphididae: Eriosomatinae), with the description of a new species in Japan

Figure 19. Approximate distributional ranges of six Colopha species. Plain and dotted areas indicate the range of bisexual and unisexual species, respectively.

Figure 18. A in Distribution of bisexual and unisexual species in the aphid genus Colopha Monell (Aphididae: Eriosomatinae), with the description of a new species in Japan

Figure 18. A colony of Colopha setaricola on Setaria chondrachne. (Photographed in Fukiage-gyoen, the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, Japan; courtesy of Y. Matsumoto.)

Figures 14–17 in Distribution of bisexual and unisexual species in the aphid genus Colopha Monell (Aphididae: Eriosomatinae), with the description of a new species in Japan

Figures 14–17. Sexupara of C. setaricola. (14) Antenna in ventral view. (15) Head in dorsal view. (16) Ultimate rostral segment. (17) Genital and anal plates. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (14, 15, 17); 0.1 mm (16).

Figures 7–13 in Distribution of bisexual and unisexual species in the aphid genus Colopha Monell (Aphididae: Eriosomatinae), with the description of a new species in Japan

Figures 7–13. Adult exule of C. setaricola. (7) Antenna in ventral view. (8) Head in dorsal view. (9) Ultimate rostral segment. (10). Fore tarsus in posterior view. (11) Hind tarsus. (12) Wax gland plates. (13) Genital and anal plates. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (8, 13); 0.1 mm (7, 12); 0.05 mm (9–11).

Figures 1–6 in Distribution of bisexual and unisexual species in the aphid genus Colopha Monell (Aphididae: Eriosomatinae), with the description of a new species in Japan

Figures 1–6. First instar exule of C. setaricola. (1) Body in dorsal view. (2) Body in ventral view. (3) Antenna in ventral view. (4) Ultimate rostral segment. (5) Hind tarsus. (6) Wax gland plate on pleural position of abdominal tergite IV. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (1, 2); 0.1 mm (3); 0.05 mm (4–6).

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FIGURE 1. Scatterplots from multivariate statistical analyses. Ellipses define the 95 in Morphological Variation in a Unisexual Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis exsanguis) and One of Its Bisexual Parental Species (Aspidoscelis inornata) (Reptilia: Squamata: Teiidae): Is the Clonal Species Less Variable?

FIGURE 1. Scatterplots from multivariate statistical analyses. Ellipses define the 95% confidence limits of score distributions. A. Principal component scores of 14 field A. exsanguis, 42 laboratory A. exsanguis of two lineages pooled, and 19 field A. inornata. Axis percentages reflect variance explained by PC1 and PC2 (table 5). B. Canonical variate scores of the same specimens as in A. Axis percentages are relative contributions of CV1 and CV2 to the discrimination (table 5).

Fig. 14 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 14. Atretic and normal follicles and corpora lutea of C. tesselatus. A. Developing oocyte during vitellogenesis (right) and atretic follicle (left; AMNH R145143, slide 19, row 1, section 1). B. Atretic follicle with disorganized cytoplasm but intact nucleus (AMNH R145143, slide 19, row 1, section 1). C. Atretic follicle after vitellogenesis had begun; notice the glassy membrane (AMNH R146620, slide 4, row 2, section 5). D. Atretic follicle (left) and normal follicle (right), both before vitellogenesis (AMNH R146621, slide 4, row 1, section 2). E. A normal follicle showing the structure of the follicle wall and discharging pyriform cells (AMNH R145142, slide 106, row 1, section 3). F. Detail of the tunica interna showing discharging pyriform cells prior to the formation of yolk granules (AMNH R 146637, slide 41, row 1, section 4). G. Detail of a follicle during vitellogenesis, showing a welldeveloped zona radiata, vascularization, and the tunica granulosa (AMNH R145143, slide 28, row 1 section 2). H. Near the end of vitellogenesis the tunica interna is reduced to the tunica granulosa (AMNH R145142, slide 49, row 1, section 2). I. Older corpora lutea showing the triangular shape and absence

Fig. 11 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 11. Electrophoretic phenotypes of GPI, a dimeric enzyme, from erythrocytes of 12 lizards. Letters below gel identify allozymes based on alleles present (table 5). Lanes for individual lizards are labeled beside the gel (with genotype) as follows: TESE, C. tesselatus pattern class E; SEP, C. gularis septemvittatus; MAR, C. tigris marmoratus; and HYB, C. tesselatus X C. tigris marmoratus hybrid. Although the SEP and MAR are identical on this gel (bb), the aallele occurs in other individuals of MAR. All specimens except the SEP are from the hybridization site near Roswell. Anode is to the right; arrow indicates position of sample applications.

Fig. 10 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 10. Pattern of morphological variation expressed by the distribution of scores on the first two principal components extracted from a correlation matrix of 11 meristic characters. Symbols depict scores of nine karyotyped hybrids collected in the vicinity of Arroyo del Macho, Chaves Co., New Mexico: •, 8 hybrids of 2n = 46; -, one hybrid of 2n = 47 (fissioned Xchromosome). The ellipse defines the 95% confidence limits for the eight hybrids with intact Xchromosomes.

Fig. 8 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 8. Pattern of morphological distinctiveness expressed by the distribution of canonical variate scores derived from a quadratic canonical variate analysis of eight meristic characters. Symbols depict 84 individuals collected in the vicinity of Arroyo del Macho, Chaves Co., New Mexico: O, 38 C. tesselatus; Z, 26 C. tigris marmoratus; ·, 20 hybrids. Ellipses define the 95% confidence limits of each group.

Fig. 7 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 7. Pattern of morphological variation expressed by the distribution of scores on the first two principal components extracted from a correlation matrix of eight meristic characters. Symbols depict scores of 84 individuals collected in the vicinity of Arroyo del Macho, Chaves Co., New Mexico: O, 38 C. tesselatus; Z, 26 C. tigris marmoratus; ·, 20 hybrids. Ellipses define the 95% confidence limits of each group.

Fig. 4 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 4. Representatives of Cnemidophorus tesselatus from the Arroyo del Macho hybridization site. A. AMNH R146615 (91 mm SVL); B. AMNH R146618 (83 mm SVL); C. AMNH R146619 (85 mm SVL); D. AMNH R146623 (86 mm SVL); E. AMNH R146627 (89 mm SVL); F. AMNH R 146626 (90 mm SVL).

Fig. 2 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 2. Dorsolateral views of three representative whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus) from Arroyo del Macho. A. Diploid unisexual C. tesselatus, AMNH R146638, body length 97 mm. B. Triploid C. tesselatus X C. tigris marmoratus hybrid male, AMNH R146693, body length 100 mm. C. Diploid bisexual C. tigris marmoratus male, AMNH R146653, body length 94 mm. All photographed June 19, 1998.

Fig. 9 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 9. Karyotypes of two whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus) from Arroyo del Macho. A. Diploid unisexual C. tesselatus, AMNH R146638 (2n = 46). This unisexual taxon is a clone with its ultimate ancestor being an F1 hybrid between C. tigris marmoratus (haploid complement of chromosomes in the upper two rows) X C. gularis septemvittatus (haploid complement in the lower two rows). Large arrow points to the centromere of the Xchromosome ultimately inherited from C. tigris marmoratus; this chromosome apparently had undergone centric fission into two telocentric chromosomes in the other karyotypic clone of C. tesselatus found at the same locality (2n = 47). B. Triploid hybrid between C. tesselatus X C. tigris marmoratus (male), AMNH R146690 (3n = 69). The four rows of chromosomes above the scale bar represent the two haploid complements inherited from C. tigris marmoratus, whereas the lower two rows represent the single haploid complement from C. gularis septemvittatus. The Ychromosome was inherited from the most recent backcross hybridization between C. tesselatus and C. tigris marmoratus. Bar represents 10 µm. Small arrows in both A and B illustrate distinctive secondary constrictions (nucleolar organizer regions) from C. gularis septemvittatus.

Fig. 1. A. A in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 1. A. A view to the east showing the principal gypsum outcrop and southfacing slope at the hybridization locality north of Roswell, Chaves County, New Mexico. Scattered dark shrubs in the center of the figure are mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) in a desert grassland; C. exsanguis and C. inornatus were

Fig. 17 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 17. Oviduct structure of hybrid females (A–D) and C. tesselatus females (E–H). A. Distal oviduct showing thin mucosa and absence of folds (AMNH R145147, slide 8, row 1, section 1). B. Middle oviduct with alveolar glands (AMNH R145147, slide 8, row 1, section 1). C. Middle oviduct showing poorly developed alveolar glands (AMNH R145146, slide 11, row 2, section 2). D. Middle oviduct (AMNH R146691, slide 9, row 2, section 6, MT). E. Distal oviduct showing mucosa and variation in fold development (AMNH R145143, slide 5, row 2, section 6). F. Distal and middle oviducts; note the swollen (active) posterior part of the distal oviduct and the distinctive appearance of the middle oviduct. The proximal oviduct is not visible (AMNH R145142, slide 136, row 1, section 2). G. Middle oviduct with mucosa and welldeveloped alveolar glands (AMNH R145142, slide 80, row 1, section 2). H. Middle oviduct showing serosa, mucosa, and organization of the alveolar glands (AMNH R145142, slide 85, row 1, section 4). Scale bar, 0.01 mm, except F, which is 1 mm, and H, which is 0.1 mm.

Fig. 21. A in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 21. A monthly comparison of size distributions and reproductive status of individuals of Cnemidophorus tesselatus collected at the Arroyo del Macho hybridization site in 1996–1999.

Fig. 19 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 19. Testes of hybrid males (A–C, G, H) and C. tigris males (D–F). Note that G and H are out of sequence because of size. A. Testis with sperm (AMNH R145145, slide 5, row 2, section 3). B. Testis with debris and few sperm (AMNH R146683, slide 10, row 1, section 4). C. Seminiferous tubules