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15 results for “bite performance”
Figure 1. A in The relationship between skull morphology, biting performance and foraging mode in Kalahari lacertid lizards
Figure 1. A, phylogenetic relationships among major lizard clades showing the evolution of foraging mode across squamates. The cladogram is based on Estes, de Queiroz & Gauthier (1988). B, phylogenetic relationships among the taxa included in this study. Sit-and-wait foraging (black bars) is presumed to be the basal condition for both Meroles and Pedioplanis. See text for details. The cladogram is based on Arnold (1991).
Figure 3 in The relationship between skull morphology, biting performance and foraging mode in Kalahari lacertid lizards
Figure 3. Scatterplot of snout–vent length (mm) and bite force (Newtons). Without correcting for body size differences, P. namaquensis was significantly different from all other species and P. lineoocellata was significantly different from H. lugubris. After correcting for body size, H. lugubris was significantly different from the other species. The error bars represent standard error. Hl = H. lugubris, Ms = M. suborbitalis, Pl = P. lineoocellata, Pn = P. namaquensis.
Figure 4 in The relationship between skull morphology, biting performance and foraging mode in Kalahari lacertid lizards
Figure 4. Phylogenetic mapping of skull morphology, biting performance, and foraging mode in four lacertid species. A, evolutionary transitions based on the analysis of the raw morphological and bite force data (Table 1, underlining). B, evolutionary changes based on the canonical variates analysis (boxes; Table 3) and size-corrected ANO- VAs (bars and circles; Table 1, lettering). Shared shading or symbols within the circles or boxes indicates no significant difference. The SW and WF species were expected to covary in morphology and biting performance; however, only sizecorrected head length and head width met those predictions. See text for details.
Figure 2 in The relationship between skull morphology, biting performance and foraging mode in Kalahari lacertid lizards
Figure 2. Three-dimensional plot of mean canonical scores of each lacertid species. Hl = Heliobolus lugubris (WF); Ms = Meroles suborbitalis (SW); Pl = Pedioplanis lineoocellata (SW); Pn = Pedioplanis namaquensis (WF).
Data from: Functional morphology and biomechanics of an ontogenetic series of the Triassic cynodont <em>Brasilodon quadrangularis</em> and bite performance in the sister taxon of Mammaliformes
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Mind the gap: natural cleft palates reduce biting performance in bats
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Data from: Differential aging of bite and jump performance in virgin and mated Teleogryllus commodus crickets
Evolutionary theories of aging state that the force of natural selection declines with age, resulting in trait senescence. However, sexual selection theory predicts that costly traits that signal mate value should increase in expression as survival prospects decline. Mortality rates and fertility tend to show strong signatures of senescence, whereas sexual signalling traits increase with age, but how the expression of traits such as whole-organism performance measures that are subject to both sexual and non-sexual selection should change with age is unclear. We examined the effects of both a key life-history event (mating) and diet quality (male and female optimal diets) on aging in two whole-organism performance traits (bite force and jump take-off velocity) in male and female Teleogryllus commodus crickets. We found no evidence for diet effects on any of the measured traits. Aging effects were more evident in females than in males for both jumping and biting, and constitute a mix of senescence and terminal investment patterns depending on sex/mating class. Sex and mating therefore have important implications for resource allocation to performance traits, and hence for aging of those traits, and interactions between these two factors can result in complex changes in trait expression over individual lifetimes.
Impact of Anterior Cross Bite Treatment on Children's Speech Performance
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06168695. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data from: Differential aging of bite and jump performance in virgin and mated Teleogryllus commodus crickets
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Unprecedented biting performance in herbivorous fish: how the complex biting system of Pomacentridae circumvents performance trade-offs
<p>It is well accepted that the complexity of functional systems may mitigate performance trade-offs. However, data supporting this theory is hard to find because it needs to be based on a functional system with different complexity levels in closely-related species. The Pomacentridae (damselfishes) provide an excellent opportunity to test the hypothesis because most of the species have two mouth-closing systems: the first using the <i>adductor mandibulae</i>, as in all teleost fishes, and a second one relying on the cerato-mandibular ligament (cmd), a synapomorphic trait of the family. Interestingly, some pomacentrids have secondarily lost the cmd ligament during evolution and therefore have a less complex mouth-closing system. Using dissection, kinematic analysis, and mathematical modeling, we demonstrated that the possession of two mouth-closing systems enabled grazing damselfishes to have a forceful and extremely fast bite. This combination challenges a major functional trade-off in fish jaw dynamics, as systems better suited for force transmission are usually less suited for speed transmission, and vice versa. The combination of grazing behavior, small and robust lower jaws (conferring high biting force), and an ultra-fast bite is unusual within actinopterygians. These attributes and their associated performance seem to be required conditions to colonize the ecological niche of farming, i.e., the maintenance of small filamentous algae crops serving as both food and storage.</p>
Data from: Losing reduces maximum bite performance in house cricket contests
Whole-organism performance capacities influence male combat outcomes in many animal species. However, several species also exhibit winner and loser effects, and current theory predicts that losers are more likely to lose again due to a decrease in aggression following defeat, not because of any change in underlying maximum performance capacity. To test the effect of fight experience on performance, we measured the maximum bite force of male Acheta domesticus crickets that were pitted against size-matched opponents in staged fights. Winners then fought a second contest against other winners while losers fought other losers, after which we measured the change in bite force in all contest crickets and in a control group that did not take part in any contests. Bite force predicted fight outcomes in the first round, and losing the first fight had a significant effect on bite force, leading to a 20% decrease in relative bite force compared to crickets that won both rounds. However, winning did not increase performance as there was no difference between those that won the first round and those that never experienced a loss, nor did winning a second bout alleviate the negative effects on realized bite performance of losing an initial bout. Past defeats can therefore alter the realized short-term maximal performance of traits that contribute to contest outcomes independent of maximum performance limits set by morphology.
Data from: Bite of the cats: relationships between functional integration and mechanical performance as revealed by mandible geometry
Cat-like carnivorous mammals represent a relatively homogeneous group of species whose morphology appears constrained by exclusive adaptations for meat eating. We present the most comprehensive dataset of extant and extinct cat-like species to test for evolutionary transformations in size, shape and mechanical performance, i.e. von Mises stress and surface traction, of the mandible. Size and shape were both quantified by means of Geometric Morphometrics while mechanical performance was assessed applying Finite Element Models to two dimensional geometry of the mandible. Additionally, we present the first almost complete composite phylogeny of cat-like carnivorans for which well-preserved fossil mandibles are known, including representatives of 35 extant and 59 extinct species of Felidae, Nimravidae and Barbourofelidae. This phylogeny was used to test morphological differentiation, allometry, and covariation of mandible parts within and among clades. After taking phylogeny into account, we found that both allometry and mechanical variables exhibit a significant impact on mandible shape. We also tested if mechanical performance was linked to morphological integration. Mechanical stress at the coronoid process is higher in sabertoothed cats than in any other clade. This is strongly related to the high degree of covariation within modules of sabertooths mandibles. We found significant correlation between integration at the clade level and per-clade averaged stress values, on both original data and by partialling out interclade allometry from shapes when calculating integration. This suggests a strong interaction between natural selection and the evolution of developmental and functional modules at the clade level.
Unprecedented biting performance in herbivorous fish: how the complex biting system of Pomacentridae circumvents performance trade-offs
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Data from: Bite of the cats: relationships between functional integration and mechanical performance as revealed by mandible geometry
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Data from: Losing reduces maximum bite performance in house cricket contests
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