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93 results for “body color”
A list of color, emotion, and human body part concepts
<p>The list includes 220 human body part, color, and emotion concepts. The concepts are based on the available concept sets in <a href="https://concepticon.clld.org/">Concepticon</a> (List et al. <a href="https://aclanthology.org/L16-1379/">2016</a>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596412">2021</a>) and were tagged as <em>human body part </em>(136 concepts), <em>emotion </em>(62 concepts), or <em>color </em>(22 concepts).</p>
- Fore wing with areolet open (a); body and wings colorations variable but usually wings hyaline and body yellow interspersed with black markings (b) …………………………………2 (Epirhyssa) 2. Face smooth to sparsely punctate (A-B), without transverse rugosities ……………………………3 - Face transversely rugulose punctate or transversely striate (a-b) ……………………………………5 in A review of the Afrotropical Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) with the descriptions of five new species
- Fore wing with areolet open (a); body and wings colorations variable but usually wings hyaline and body yellow interspersed with black markings (b) …………………………………2 (Epirhyssa) 2. Face smooth to sparsely punctate (A-B), without transverse rugosities ……………………………3 - Face transversely rugulose punctate or transversely striate (a-b) ……………………………………5
Dataset: Information content of ultraviolet-reflecting color patches and visual perception of body coloration in the Tyrrhenian wall lizard Podarcis tiliguerta
<p>These are the data sets and R script corresponding to the scientific publication with the same title and authors.</p> <p>Description of these files is available in the file Note.pdf</p>
- Metasoma usually uniformly colored (a); clypeus with a distinct subapical tubercle (b); body and ovipositor smaller (B <25mm; OT <6) ……………………………………………………………6 in A review of the Afrotropical Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) with the descriptions of five new species
- Metasoma usually uniformly colored (a); clypeus with a distinct subapical tubercle (b); body and ovipositor smaller (B <25mm; OT <6) ……………………………………………………………6
Data from: Interactions between sexual signaling, thermoregulation and body size drive ecology and evolution of wing colors in Odonata
<p>This dataset consists of images of the fore and hind wings (and associated metadata) of 4091 individual odonate specimens, and thus over 8000 wings, imaged on a commercially-available Epson desktop flatbed scanner and color-calibrated using a color-checker, comprising the Targeted Odonata Wing Digitization dataset (TOWD; <a href="https://digitizingdragonflies.org/">https://digitizingdragonflies.org/</a>) The odonates imaged are all from the Nearctic, and represent 343 species. </p> <p>In this dataset, 47% of images come from the Alabama Museum of Natural History (ALMNH), 19% from the PhD thesis collection of William Kuhn (now housed at the American Museum of Natural History, AMNH), 19% from the collection of the late Michael L. May, and 13% from Jessica Ware’s Rutgers-University Newark collection (now housed at the AMNH). </p> <p>Files are individual PNGs where transparency is the background. </p> <p>Metadata includes species, sex, and county. </p>
Fig. 5 in Geometric morphometric analysis of cyclical body shape changes in color pattern variants of Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) demonstrates reproductive energy allocation
Fig. 5. Relative mean GSI vs. relative mean HSI of color pattern variants of Cichla temensis. Points for GSI represent the mean value for each CPV grade as compared to the range encountered. Points for HSI represent the mean value for each CPV grade compared to the range encountered.
Fig. 3 in Geometric morphometric analysis of cyclical body shape changes in color pattern variants of Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) demonstrates reproductive energy allocation
Fig. 3. Biplot of the uniform components in each direction (UniX and UniY) of morphometrical differences in 80 specimens of Cichla temensis in 4 color variation patterns (CPV) as measured by 9 Thin Plate Spline (TPS) distortion variables (V1-V9). Colored numbers indicate the CPV grade of individuals. The total spread of scores among individuals of each CPV are indicated by an envelope (solid line polygon) calculated as the minimum convex hull for that group. Position in the plot relative to other individuals indicates the degree of similarity in morph. Vectors point in the direction of gradient change for that TPS variable and the magnitude indicates the strength of the gradient. Angles between vectors indicate the TPS interset correlations.
Replicated differential expression analysis in a green-brown polymorphic grasshopper reveals role of beta-carotene-binding protein in body coloration
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Dataset The relative importance of body size and UV coloration in influencing male-male competition in a Lacertid lizard
<p>This is the dataset of the paper "The relative importance of body size and UV coloration in influencing male-male competition in a Lacertid lizard" published in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology by Names et al. (2019). It includes a metadata statement and five data spreadsheets.</p> <p><strong>Abstract of the paper</strong></p> <p>Communication via color signals is common in natural systems. Ultraviolet (UV)-blue patches located on the outer-ventral scales of some Lacertid lizards are thought to be involved in male-male competition. However, the mechanisms that maintain their honesty remain unknown. Here, we use the common wall lizard <em>Podarcis muralis</em> to<br> test whether the lateral UV-blue spots are conventional signals, the honesty of which is guaranteed by receiver-dependent costs, and discuss their potential role as an amplifier of body size. We first described the morphology and reflectance properties of lateral blue spots in common wall lizards and investigated how they influence male-<br> male competition. Spot size and number, UV chroma, and conspicuousness (calculated using vision models) were significantly greater in adult males relative to adult females and adult males relative to juveniles. Total spot area (and not spot number) of adult males was positively correlated with body size. We conducted staged competition encounters between focal males and smaller or larger rivals with control or manipulated spots. Spots were enlarged in small rivals and reduced in large rivals to disrupt the phenotypic correlation between spot area and body size. Aggressiveness and dominance were positively influenced by body size in control encounters. Spot manipulations resulted in greater submission and less aggressiveness in focal males. These results contradict the predictions associated with conventional signals and amplifiers, but suggest that spots contributed to opponent evaluation during short-distance encounters between competing males.</p>
Warning coloration, body size and the evolution of gregarious behavior in butterfly larvae
<p>Many species gain anti-predator benefits by combining gregarious behavior with warning coloration, yet there is debate over which trait evolves first, and which is the secondary adaptive enhancement. Body size can also influence how predators receive aposematic signals, and potentially constrain the evolution of gregarious behavior. To our knowledge, the causative links between the evolution of gregariousness, aposematism and larger body sizes have not been fully resolved. Here, using the most recently resolved butterfly phylogeny and an extensive new dataset of larval traits, we reveal the evolutionary interactions between important traits linked to larval gregariousness. We show that larval gregariousness has arisen many times across the butterflies, and aposematism is a likely prerequisite for gregariousness to evolve. We also find that body size may be an important factor for determining the coloration of solitary, but not gregarious larvae. Additionally, by exposing artificial 'larvae' to wild avian predation, we show that undefended, cryptic 'larvae' are heavily predated when aggregated but benefit from solitariness, whereas the reverse is true for aposematic prey. Our data reinforce the importance of aposematism for gregarious larval survival, whilst identifying new questions about the roles of body size and toxicity in the evolution of grouping behavior.</p>
Data from: Macroevolution of body extremities reveals an integrated phenotypic response of coloration and morphology to temperature in a large clade of Neotropical passerines (Furnariida)
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Natural selection, rather than sexual selection, plays a dominant role in the formation of body coloration in Drosophila suzukii
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Warning coloration, body size and the evolution of gregarious behavior in butterfly larvae
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Data from: Leaf-footed bugs possess multiple hidden contrasting color signals, but only one is associated with increased body size
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Exercise training has morph-specific effects on telomere, body condition and growth dynamics in a color-polymorphic lizard
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Data from: Alternative mating tactics in male chameleons (Chamaeleo chamaeleon) are evident in both long-term body color and short-term courtship pattern
Alternative mating tactics in males of various taxa are associated with body color, body size, and social status. Chameleons are known for their ability to change body color following immediate environmental or social stimuli. In this study, we examined whether the differential appearance of male common chameleon during the breeding season is indeed an expression of alternative mating tactics. We documented body color of males and used computer vision techniques to classify images of individuals into discrete color patterns associated with seasons, individual characteristics, and social contexts. Our findings revealed no differences in body color and color patterns among males during the non-breeding season. However, during the breeding season males appeared in several color displays, which reflected body size, social status, and behavioral patterns. Furthermore, smaller and younger males resembled the appearance of small females. Consequently, we suggest that long-term color change in males during the breeding season reflects male alternative mating tactics. Upon encounter with a receptive female, males rapidly alter their appearance to that of a specific brief courtship display, which reflects their social status. The females, however, copulated indiscriminately in respect to male color patterns. Thus, we suggest that the differential color patterns displayed by males during the breeding season are largely aimed at inter-male signaling.
Data from: Admixture mapping of male nuptial color and body shape in a recently formed hybrid population of threespine stickleback
Despite recent progress, we still know relatively little about the genetic architecture that underlies adaptation to divergent environments. Determining whether the genetic architecture of phenotypic adaptation follows any predictable patterns requires data from a wide variety of species. However, in many organisms, genetic studies are hindered by the inability to perform genetic crosses in the laboratory or by long generation times. Admixture mapping is an approach that circumvents these issues by taking advantage of hybridization that occurs between populations or species in the wild. Here, we demonstrate the utility of admixture mapping in a naturally occurring hybrid population of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Enos Lake, British Columbia. Until recently, this lake contained two species of sticklebacks adapted to divergent habitats within the lake. This benthic-limnetic species pair diverged in a number of phenotypes, including male nuptial coloration and body shape, which were previously shown to contribute to reproductive isolation between them. However, recent ecological disturbance has contributed to extensive hybridization between the species, and there is now a single, admixed population within Enos Lake. We collected over 500 males from Enos Lake and found that most had intermediate nuptial color and body shape. By genotyping males with nuptial color at the two extremes of the phenotypic distribution, we identified seven genomic regions on three chromosomes associated with divergence in male nuptial color. These genomic regions are also associated with variation in body shape, suggesting that tight linkage and/or pleiotropy facilitated adaptation to divergent environments in this benthic-limnetic species pairs.
Data from: Body size and evolution of motion dazzle coloration in lizards
'Motion dazzle' patterns are a form of defensive coloration suggested to prevent successful capture during motion by causing predators to misjudge the direction or speed of prey movement. Several studies have found results supporting this idea, but little is known about the factors that favour the evolution of these antipredator colorations. A recent experimental study has suggested that the longitudinal striped patterns on body of lizards can redirect attacks to the tail via the motion dazzle effect. Using a virtual predation experiment with humans and a phylogenetic comparative analysis, we show that evolution of longitudinal striped coloration is associated with prey size. Experiments showed that longitudinal stripes located at the anterior reduced lethal attacks (i.e. attacks directed to the anterior and centre), but this benefit was greater for shorter prey. Our comparative analysis revealed a negative association between stripe occurrence and body length, but no association between stripes and body width. Overall, our results suggest that the dazzle effect produced by stripes is more advantageous in shorter lizards than in longer ones, and that the error induced by stripes might be distributed along the axis parallel to the prey trajectory. We discuss reasons why dazzle coloration could be associated with evolution of smaller body size in animals.
FIGURES 41–49. Oecanthus pictus n in A new species of tree crickets (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) in tobacco plantation from Southern Brazil, with body color variation
FIGURES 41–49. Oecanthus pictus n. sp. female. 41—habitus; 42, 44, 46—cerci and ovipositor, lateral, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; 43, 45, 47—ovipositor apex, lateral, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; 48—supranal plate; 49– subgenital plate.
FIGURE 27. Oecanthus pictus n in A new species of tree crickets (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) in tobacco plantation from Southern Brazil, with body color variation
FIGURE 27. Oecanthus pictus n. sp. Variation found in scape and pedicel marks, in ventral view. Conventions: a—pedicel; b—scape.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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