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Fig. 5 in The youngest ctenocystoids from the Upper Ordovician of the United Kingdom and the evolution of the bilateral body plan in echinoderms
Fig. 5. Reconstructions of two possible modes of life of Conollia. A. A semi-infaunal mode of life. B. An infaunal mode of life. Adapt- ed from Domínguez Alonso (2004).
Fig. 2 in The youngest ctenocystoids from the Upper Ordovician of the United Kingdom and the evolution of the bilateral body plan in echinoderms
Fig. 2. Stratigraphical position (A) and geographical location (B) of the site where Conollia sporranoides sp. nov. was collected. Adapted from Ingham (1992).
Fig. 3 in The youngest ctenocystoids from the Upper Ordovician of the United Kingdom and the evolution of the bilateral body plan in echinoderms
Fig. 3. Ctenocystoid echinoderm Conollia sporranoides sp. nov. from the Upper Ordovician of Scotland, UK. A. GLAHM 131255/1, partial specimen. B. GLAHM 131255/2, complete specimen. C. GLAHM 131255/3, partial ctenidium in lateral view. D. GLAHM 131255/4, partial ctenidium in adoral view. E. GLAHM 131255/5, partial ctenidium. F. GLAHM 131255/6, partial ctenidium. G. GLAHM 131255/7, complete ctenidium in anterior view. H. GLAHM 131255/8, partial ctenidium in anterior view. I. GLAHM 131255/9, partial ctenidium in anterior view. Photographs of original specimens (A, B), latex casts whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate (C–F), and virtual reconstructions (G–I). Abbreviations: as, articulations for serrated spines; cp, ctenoid plates; ss, serrated spines; ts, thecal spines.
Fig. 1. Representative Cambrian ctenocystoid echinoderms. A, B in The youngest ctenocystoids from the Upper Ordovician of the United Kingdom and the evolution of the bilateral body plan in echinoderms
Fig. 1. Representative Cambrian ctenocystoid echinoderms. A, B. Ctenocystis utahensis Robison and Sprinkle, 1969 from Cambrian Series 3 of the United States. USNM 163252 in dorsal (A 1) and anterior (A 2) views; USNM 595079 in right lateral view (B). C. Undescribed ctenocystoid (Ctenocystoid gen. et sp. nov 1 in Smith et al. 2013) from Cambrian Series 3 of Morocco. NHMUK EE 15428 in dorsal view. D. Courtessolea moncereti Domínguez Alonso, 2004 from Cambrian Series 3 of France. MNHN F.A45783 in dorsal view. E. Courtessolea sp. from Cambrian Series 3 of Spain. MPZ 2009/1234b in ventral view. F. Undescribed ctenocystoid (Ctenocystoid gen. et sp. nov 2 in Smith et al. 2013) from Cambrian Series 3 of Morocco. NHMUK EE 15317 in ventral view. G, H. Jugoszovia archaeocyathoides Dzik and Orłowski, 1995 from Cambrian Series 3 of Poland. ZPAL Ec1/9 in ventral view (G); ZPAL Ec1/1 in anterior view (H). All specimens are latex casts whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate.
Text-fig. 4. Distribution of arsinoitheres in Africa. Reconstruction of Arsinoitherium is adapted from Pomerol (1973) (the body in the image is probably too similar to that of an elephant, but the reconstruction gives an idea of the dimensions and possible body plan of Arsinoitherium). in Arsinoitherium (Embrithopoda) And Other Large Mammals And Plants From The Oligocene Of Tunisia
Text-fig. 4. Distribution of arsinoitheres in Africa. Reconstruction of Arsinoitherium is adapted from Pomerol (1973) (the body in the image is probably too similar to that of an elephant, but the reconstruction gives an idea of the dimensions and possible body plan of Arsinoitherium).
Effects of Self-efficacy, Planning, and Self-efficacy+Planning Interventions on Body Fat Among Adolescents
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02689973. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.
Data from: The Paleozoic assembly of the holocephalan body plan far preceded post-Cretaceous radiations into the ocean depths
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Data from: The earliest bird-line archosaurs and the assembly of the dinosaur body plan
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Data from: Shell constraints on evolutionary body size-limb size allometry can explain morphological conservatism in the turtle body plan
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A novel body plan alters diversification of body shape and genitalia in live-bearing fish
<p>Major evolutionary innovations can greatly influence subsequent evolution. While many major transitions occurred in the deep past, male live-bearing fishes (family Poeciliidae) more recently evolved a novel body plan. This group possesses a three-region axial skeleton, with one region—the ano-urogenital region—representing a unique body region accommodating male genitalic structures (gonopodial complex). Here we evaluate several hypotheses for the evolution of diversity in this region and examine its role in the evolution of male body shape. Examining <i>Gambusia</i> fishes, we tested <i>a priori</i> predictions for 1) joint influence of gonopodial-complex traits on mating performance, 2) correlated evolution of gonopodial-complex traits at macro- and microevolutionary scales, and 3) predator-driven evolution of gonopodial-complex traits in a post-Pleistocene radiation of Bahamas mosquitofish. We found the length of the sperm-transfer organ (gonopodium) and its placement along the body (gonopodial anterior transposition) jointly influenced mating success, with correlational selection favoring particular trait combinations. Despite these two traits functionally interacting during mating, we found no evidence for their correlated evolution at macro- or microevolutionary scales. In contrast, we did uncover correlated evolution of modified vertebral hemal spines (part of the novel body region) and gonopodial anterior transposition at both evolutionary scales, matching predictions of developmental connections between these components. Developmental linkages in the ano-urogenital region apparently play key roles in evolutionary trajectories, but multiple selective agents likely act on gonopodium length and cause less predictable evolution. Within Bahamas mosquitofish, evolution of hemal-spine morphology and gonopodial anterior transposition across predation regimes was quite predictable, with populations evolving under high predation risk showing more modified hemal spines with greater modifications and a more anteriorly positioned gonopodium. These changes in the ano-urogenital vertebral region have facilitated adaptive divergence in swimming abilities and body shape between predation regimes. Gonopodium surface area, but not length, evolved as predicted in Bahamas mosquitofish, consistent with a previously suggested tradeoff between natural and sexual selection on gonopodium size. These results provide insight into how restructured body plans offer novel evolutionary solutions. Here, a novel body region—originally evolved to aid sperm transfer—was apparently co-opted to alter whole-organism performance, facilitating phenotypic diversification.</p>
Data from: A new ophiocistioid with soft-tissue preservation from the Silurian Herefordshire Lagerstätte, and the evolution of the holothurian body plan
Reconstructing the evolutionary assembly of animal body plans is challenging when there are large morphological gaps between extant sister taxa, as in the case of echinozoans (echinoids and holothurians). However, the inclusion of extinct taxa can help bridge these gaps. Here we describe a new species of echinozoan, Sollasina cthulhu, from the Silurian Herefordshire Lagerstätte, UK. S. cthulhu belongs to the ophiocistioids, an extinct group that shares characters with both echinoids and holothurians. Using physical-optical tomography and computer reconstruction, we visualize the internal anatomy of S. cthulhu in three dimensions, revealing inner soft tissues that we interpret as the ring canal, a key part of the water vascular system that was previously unknown in fossil echinozoans. Phylogenetic analyses strongly suggest that Sollasina and other ophiocistioids represent a paraphyletic group of stem holothurians, as previously hypothesized. This allows us to reconstruct the stepwise reduction of the skeleton during the assembly of the holothurian body plan, which may have been controlled by changes in the expression of biomineralization genes.
Figure 5. Body plan reconstruction. A in Tentacular nature of the 'column' of the Cambrian diploblastic Xianguangia sinica
Figure 5. Body plan reconstruction. A, schematic drawing of the tentacle-sheath complex of Xianguangia. From left to right are shown the inside view, cross section and outside view. The tentacle consists of a proximal tentacle rod enveloped by a single outer sheath and a distal flexible portion. Ciliated pinnules emerge from tentacles laterally. B, lateral view of the whole-body shape with closed tentacle-sheath complexes.
Data from: An early chondrichthyan and the evolutionary assembly of a shark body plan
Although relationships among the major groups of living gnathostomes are well established, the relatedness of early jawed vertebrates to modern clades is intensely debated. Here, we provide a new description of Gladbachus, a Middle Devonian (Givetian ~385-million-year-old) stem chondrichthyan from Germany, and one of the very few early chondrichthyans in which substantial portions of the endoskeleton are preserved. Tomographic and histological techniques reveal new details of the gill skeleton, hyoid arch and jaws, neurocranium, cartilage, scales and teeth. Despite many features resembling placoderm or osteichthyan conditions, phylogenetic analysis confirms Gladbachus as a stem chondrichthyan and corroborates hypotheses that all acanthodians are stem chondrichthyans. The unfamiliar character combination displayed by Gladbachus, alongside conditions observed in acanthodians, implies that pre-Devonian stem-chondrichthyans are severely under-sampled and strongly supports indications from isolated scales that the gnathostome crown group originated at the latest by the early Silurian (~440 mya). Moreover, phylogenetic results highlight the likely convergent evolution of conventional chondrichthyan conditions among earliest members of this primary gnathostome division, while skeletal morphology points towards the likely suspension feeding habits of Gladbachus, suggesting a functional origin of the gill slit condition characteristic of the vast majority of living and fossil chondrichthyans.
Maintenance of spatial gene expression by Polycomb-mediated repression after formation of a vertebrate body plan
<p>This dataset contains zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) raw RNA and ChIP sequencing data:</p> <ul> <li>RNA-seq: <ul> <li>RNAseq_Wildtype_rep[12].fastq.gz: 2 biological replicates of single-end RNA-seq data from 24hpf wild-type (TU/TL background) whole embryo lysates</li> <li>RNAseq_Wildtype_rep[3-6].fastq.gz 4 biological replicates of paired-end RNA-seq data from 24hpf wild-type (TU/TL background) whole embryo lysates</li> </ul> </li> <li>ChIP-seq: <ul> <li>lane1_MPZezh2WT-24hpf-Ezh2__R[12].fastq.gz: 1 sample of paired-end Ezh2 ChIP-seq data from 24hpf wild-type (TU/TL background) whole embryo lysates</li> <li>lane1_MPZezh2WT-24hpf-Rnf2__R[12].fastq.gz: 1 sample of paired-end Rnf2 ChIP-seq data from 24hpf wild-type (TU/TL background) whole embryo lysates</li> <li>lane1_MPZezh2WT-24hpf-H3K27me3__R[12].fastq.gz: 1 sample of paired-end H3K27me3 ChIP-seq data from 24hpf wild-type (TU/TL background) whole embryo lysates</li> <li>*MPZezh2WT-24hpf-H3K4me3*: 2 biological replicates of paired-end H3K4me3 ChIP-seq data from 24hpf wild-type (TU/TL background) whole embryo lysates</li> <li>MPZezh2WT-24hpf-Ezh2-spikein-13277_R[12].fastq.gz: 1 sample of paired-end Ezh2 ChIP-seq data (with Drosophila H2Ay spike in) from 24hpf wild-type (TU/TL background) whole embryo lysates</li> <li>MPZezh2WT-24hpf-H3K27A[cC]*: 2 biological replicates of paired-end H3K27ac ChIP-seq data from 24hpf wild-type (TU/TL background) whole embryo lysates</li> <li>MPZezh2WT-24hpf-H3K27me3-spikein-13275_R[12].fastq.gz: 1 sample of paired-end H3K27me3 ChIP-seq data (with Drosophila H2Ay spike in) from 24hpf wild-type (TU/TL background) whole embryo lysates</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Figure 7. Body plan evolution within Ornithischia and character states with phylogenetic importance for the present hypothesis. A in Taxonomic, palaeobiological and evolutionary implications of a phylogenetic hypothesis for Ornithischia (Archosauria: Dinosauria)
Figure 7. Body plan evolution within Ornithischia and character states with phylogenetic importance for the present hypothesis. A, skeletal reconstruction of Silesaurus opolensis, a parapredentatan (stem lineage) ornithischian (after Dzik, 2003). B, skeletal reconstruction of Laquintasaura venezuelae, a parapredentatan ornithischian (after Barrett et al., 2014). C, skeletal reconstruction of Eocursor parvus, a prionodontian ornithischian (after Butler et al., 2010). D, left dentary of Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (DMNH EPV.63136) in lateral view (modified from Martz & Small, 2019). E, left ectopterygoid of Asilisaurus kongwe (NMT RB159) in posterior (modified from Nesbitt et al., 2019). F, posterior portion of the right hemimandible of Asilisaurus kongwe (NMT RB159) in lateral (modified from Nesbitt et al., 2019). G, partial left dentary of Asilisaurus kongwe (NMT RB159) in occlusal view (modified from Nesbitt et al., 2019). H, left dentary of Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (DMNH EPV.63136) in medial view (modified from Martz & Small, 2019). I, isolated tooth of Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (DMNH EPV.63843) in labial view (modified from Martz & Small, 2019). J, proximal portion of the right femur of Sacisaurus agudoensis (MCN PV100014) in caudomedial view. K, right maxilla of Echinodon becklesii (NHMUK OR48211) in lateral view (modified from Sereno, 2012). L, right tibia of Eocursor parvus (SAM-PK-K8025) in proximal view. M, left pelvic elements of Heterodontosaurus tucki (SAM-PK-K1332) in lateral view. N, skull of Heterodontosaurus tucki (SAM-PK-K1332) in right lateral view. O, cervical 6 and 7 of Heterodontosaurus tucki (SAM-PK-K1332) in left lateral view. P, proximal portion of the right tibia of Eocursor parvus (SAM-PK-K8025) in lateral view. Q, left ischium of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus (SAM-PK-K1105) in medial view (modified from Baron et al., 2017a). R, proximal portion of the left femur of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus (BP/1/6582) in lateral view. Elements are not to scale.
Effectiveness of a Modified Cost-Effective Dietary Plan in Promoting Weight Loss and Preservation of Lean Body Mass in Patients After Bariatric Surgery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07111767. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effectiveness of the Optifast Program Compared With a Reduced-energy Food Based Diet Plan on Body Weight
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02635698. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Nectocaridid ecology, diversity, and affinity: early origin of a cephalopod-like body plan
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Data from: An early chondrichthyan and the evolutionary assembly of a shark body plan
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Data from: A new ophiocistioid with soft-tissue preservation from the Silurian Herefordshire Lagerstätte, and the evolution of the holothurian body plan
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.