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29 results for “body ratios”
GWAS summary statistics for waist-to-hip ratio and body principal components
<p>This dataset contains genome-wide association summary statistics for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), as well as those for body principal components (PCs). A subset of 387,139 unrelated, white British individuals were analyzed for WHR. PCs were combined from the summary statistics for WHR and 13 other anthropometric traits (body mass index, standing height, weight, hip circumference, waist circumference, arm lean mass (left), arm fat mass (left), leg lean mass (left), leg fat mass (left), trunk lean mass, trunk fat mass, body fat percentage, basal metabolic rate) provided by the Neale lab (http://www.nealelab.is/uk-biobank). All traits were inverse-rank normal transformed (by the Neale lab or ourselves for WHR).</p> <p>All effect sizes, including those for PCs, are standardized, i.e. they represent the effects on a trait with variance 1.</p> <p>The zip files contain the data to run the sample pipeline and the shiny app, both available from <a href="https://github.com/JonSulc/PCA_Cross-sex_MR">https://github.com/JonSulc/PCA_Cross-sex_MR</a>.</p>
Caudal fin area: body length ratio (A:L 2; mean..) FIGURE 5 CF s S E measured from photographs of Salmo trutta parr at 20 and 32 weeks after exercise treatment initiation. A:L 2 values between the two CF s groups were significantly different (Welch's two sample t- test p <0.05) in Body shape and robustness response to water flow during development of brown trout Salmo trutta parr
Caudal fin area: body length ratio (A:L 2; mean..) FIGURE 5 CF s S E measured from photographs of Salmo trutta parr at 20 and 32 weeks after exercise treatment initiation. A:L 2 values between the two CF s groups were significantly different (Welch's two sample t- test p <0.05)
Arthropod food webs predicted from body length ratios are improved by incorporating prey defensive properties
<p>This dataset was used to run for Van de Walle et al. (2023). Arthropod food webs predicted from body length ratios are improved by incorporating prey defensive properties. Journal of Animal Ecology, 92(4), 913-924. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13905">https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13905</a></p> <p>"Arthropod_feeding_trials.csv" contains the results of the experimental feeding trials. Each row contains information on species taxonomy, body size and hunting strategy within a single trial.</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Trophic interactions are often deduced from body size differences between predators and potential prey, assuming predators prefer prey smaller than themselves because larger prey are more difficult to subdue. This hypothesis has mainly been confirmed in aquatic ecosystems, but rarely in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in arthropods. Our goal was to validate whether body size ratios can accurately predict trophic interactions in a terrestrial, plant-associated arthropod community. Additionally, we tested whether predator hunting strategy and prey taxonomy could explain possible deviations from this general rule.</p> <p>We collected arthropods from marram grass in coastal dunes and conducted pairwise feeding trials to explicitly test whether two individuals, of the same or different species, would predate each other. From the trial results, we constructed one of the most complete, empirically derived food webs for terrestrial arthropods associated with a single plant species. We contrasted this empirical food web with a theoretical web based on body size ratios, literature and expert knowledge.</p> <p>In our feeding trials, predator-prey interactions were indeed largely size-based. Moreover, the theoretical food web based on body size, activity period, microhabitat and expert knowledge converged quite well with the food web based on experimental feeding trials for both predator and prey species. However, predator hunting strategy, but mainly prey taxonomy improved predictions of predation events. Well-defended taxa, such as hard-bodied beetles, were less frequently consumed than expected based on their body size.</p> <p>Body size ratios predict trophic interactions among plant-associated arthropods fairly well. However, traits such as hunting strategy and anti-predator defences can explain why certain trophic interactions do not adhere to size-based rules. Feeding trials can generate insights into multiple traits underlying real-life trophic interactions among arthropods. Such insights are much needed as the dramatic global decline in arthropod species richness and abundance is knocking out many trophic interactions on which services such as pest control and nutrient cycling depend.</p>
Fig. 9 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 9 – Polynomial regression graph between elytra width of Nebria castanea females and the springtail abundance.
Fig. 7 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 7 – Boxplots of elytra width of Nebria castanea females as a function of landform. p-value of N. castanea morphometric analysis with Kruskal-Wallis test, that evaluate the presence of significant differences in body size between landforms with ice (active rock glacier) and without ice (fossil rock glacier and scree slope). Asterisk highlights significant values.
Fig. 3 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 3 – Boxplot of Nebria germarii body parameters as a function of sex (F=female; M=male). p-value of the Kruskal-Wallis tests for N. germarii body size as a function of sex. Asterisk highlights significant values.
Fig. 5 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 5 – PCA analysis graphs. Blue stars=active rock glacier specimens; Gold squares=fossil rock glacier specimens; Green dot=scree slope specimens.
Fig. 6 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 6 – Boxplot of head width of Nebria germarii females as a function of landform. p-value of N. germarii morphometric analysis with Kruskal-Wallis test, that evaluate the presence of significant differences in body size between landforms with ice (active rock glacier) and without ice (fossil rock glacier and scree slope). Asterisk highlights significant values.
Fig. 2 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 2 – Dorsal view of Nebria germarii and representation of the measured body parameters. For the meaning of the letters see the text (Photo by A. Carlin).
Fig. 4 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 4 – Boxplot of Nebria castanea body parameters as a function of sex (F=female; M=male). p-value of the Kruskal-Wallis tests for N. castanea body size as a function of sex. Asterisk highlights significant values.
Data from: Influence of intra- and interspecific variation in predator-prey body size ratios on trophic interaction strengths
<p>1. Predation is a pervasive force that structures food webs and directly influences ecosystem functioning. The relative body sizes of predators and prey may be an important determinant of interaction strengths. However, studies quantifying the combined influence of intra- and interspecific variation in predator-prey body size ratios are lacking.</p> <p>2. We use a comparative functional response approach to examine interaction strengths between three size classes of invasive bluegill and largemouth bass towards three scaled size classes of their tilapia prey. We then quantify the influence of intra- and interspecific predator-prey body mass ratios on the scaling of attack rates and handling times.</p> <p>3. Type II functional responses were displayed by both predators across all predator and prey size classes. Largemouth bass consumed more than bluegill at small and intermediate predator size classes, whilst large predators of both species were more similar. Small prey were most vulnerable overall, however differential attack rates among prey were emergent across predator sizes. For both bluegill and largemouth bass, small predators exhibited higher attack rates towards small and intermediate prey sizes, whilst larger predators exhibited greater attack rates towards large prey. Conversely, handling times increased with prey size, with small bluegill exhibiting particularly low feeding rates towards medium-large prey types. Attack rates for both predators peaked unimodally at intermediate predator-prey body mass ratios, whilst handling times generally shortened across increasing body mass ratios.</p> <p>4. We thus demonstrate effects of body size ratios on predator-prey interaction strengths between key fish species, with attack rates and handling times dependent on the relative sizes of predator-prey participants.</p> <p>5. Considerations for intra- and interspecific body size ratio effects are critical for predicting the strengths of interactions within ecosystems and may drive differential ecological impacts among invasive species as size ratios shift.</p>
Fig. 8 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 8 – Linear regression graph between elytra width of Nebria castanea females and the soil pH.
Fig. 1 in Sex-ratio and body size plasticity in two cold-adapted ground beetles co-occurring in a periglacial area of the European Alps (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 1 – Sampling plan: distribution of pitfall traps at the Lazaunkar site.
Supplementary data for paper "Extreme mass-ratio inspiral and waveforms for a spinning body into a Kerr black hole via osculating geodesics and near-identity transformations"
<p>Radiation-reaction fluxes and NIT interpolant data for paper "Extreme mass-ratio inspiral and waveforms for a spinning body into a Kerr black hole via osculating geodesics and near-identity transformations"</p>
Comparing the Effect of Under the Tongue Olanzapine Versus Swallowed Olanzapine on Body Mass Index (A Ratio of Weight to Height)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00303602. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 5. Publications: 1.
Data from: Influence of intra- and interspecific variation in predator-prey body size ratios on trophic interaction strengths
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Allometric scaling of indirect effects: body size ratios predict non-consumptive effects in multi-predator systems
1. Non-consumptive effects (NCES) frequently lead to non-independent effects of multiple predators. While such emergent predator effects are ubiquitous in natural communities, the strength of these effects varies among studies and systems, making it difficult to predict a priory how changes in predator diversity influence prey suppression. Thus, identifying general scaling rules which can explain this variation of non-independent effects is vital for modeling natural communities and how they respond to biodiversity loss. 2. Body size is a key trait determining the nature and strength of ecological interactions. While great progress has been made using allometric relationships to predict the interaction strength of predator-prey pairs, it is unknown whether similar relationships explain variation in the strength of NCEs, and how they are related to consumptive effects. 3. Here we experimentally manipulate the relative size difference of multiple predators to determine whether NCEs follow general allometric scaling relationships in an aquatic multi-predator system. 4. Results demonstrate that the presence and strength of NCEs can vary dramatically across predator combinations. However, this variation scaled predictably with the size ratio of predators; increasing the size difference among predators increased NCEs. This pattern was driven by a size-mediated shift in "food web motif" from competition to intraguild predation and a positive correlation of NCEs and intraguild predation rate. 5. Results indicate that models which assume that consumers have independent effects are particularly likely to make erroneous predictions when predators differ substantially in size, but simple allometric relationships of NCEs could be used to correct this bias.
Comparative Evaluation of Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference and Waist-To-Hip Ratio as Correlates of Glucose Intolerance among Rural Dwellers in Nigeria
<p>This research investigates the comparative efficacy of Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) as correlates of glucose intolerance among rural dwellers in Nigeria. Conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study in Oyo State, Nigeria, the research involved adults aged 18 years and above. The study employed a multi-stage cluster sampling technique, selecting participants from rural communities. Exclusion criteria included pregnant women and those with known diabetes or medications affecting glucose metabolism. Anthro-pometric indices and blood glucose levels were determined using Hanson's weighing scale, a meter rule, and biochemical auto-analyzers. The BMI, WC, and WHR were utilized to assess obesity and abdominal adiposity. Blood glucose levels were measured for fasting and 2-hour post-prandial samples. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and chi-square tests using SPSS version 26. Results from the study revealed demographic characteristics and medical history of participants. Findings indicated a significant association between anthropometric parameters and gender. Notably, WHR exhibited a strong correlation with glucose intolerance, emphasizing its potential as a predictor. The study also presented the correlation of BMI, WC, and WHR with blood glucose levels, categorizing participants into different risk groups based on these indices. This research contributes valuable insights into the effectiveness of BMI, WC, and WHR in predicting glucose intolerance among rural dwellers in Nigeria. The findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions for specific populations, considering regional variations in health determinants. Future research can build upon these results to develop targeted strategies for diabetes prevention and management in rural communities.</p>
Distribution. Angola, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia. Description. Head-body 46:5-47-8 cm (males), 44-45-5 cm (females), tail 40-43 cm (males), 38-39 cm (females), hindfoot 8:7-9-8 cm (males), 8-9 cm (females), ear 4-7-5-4 cm (males), 5-1-5-8 cm (females); weight 1-3-2 kg. The coat color is pale ocher, with brownish or grayish tones; melanistic individuals are quite common. The throat and chest are blackish, and the ventral pelage varies from creamy white to dirty white. The stripes and spots on the body vary from different hues of brown to black. The nuchal stripes run as two parallel lines from the nape to the shoulders, where they diverge and enlarge towards the elbows; they are not so conspicuously marked as in other genet species. Below them, a pair of thinner stripes and small spots are scattered on the shoulders and sides of the neck. A third pair of thinner, parallel stripes runs down the neck between the nuchal stripes, extending to about one fourth of the mid-dorsal line, where they vanish or diverge as the first row of flank spots. The black mid-dorsal line is continuous and is flanked on each side by four rows of oblong to squared spots, and by a few small-scattered spots below. There is a dorsal erectile crest. The face has a dark mask and a pair of white sub-ocular spots. The tail has seven to nine black rings, alternating with pale rings; the intervening white spaces are pigmented with a brownish tinge on the dorsal midline. The width of the pale rings relative to the dark rings in the middle of the tail is 50-75%; the tip of the tail is dark. The hindlimbs and forelimbs are black; there are white hairs on the metacarpals and metatarsals. [he posterior parts of the feet are dark. There are two pairs of teats. The posterior chamber of the auditory bulla is not ventrally inflated and has a continuous curve line on the external side. The ratio between the inter-orbital constriction and frontal width is 1-00 + 0-12. Dental formula: 13/3, C1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40. in Viverridae
Distribution. Angola, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia. Description. Head-body 46:5-47-8 cm (males), 44-45-5 cm (females), tail 40-43 cm (males), 38-39 cm (females), hindfoot 8:7-9-8 cm (males), 8-9 cm (females), ear 4-7-5-4 cm (males), 5-1-5-8 cm (females); weight 1-3-2 kg. The coat color is pale ocher, with brownish or grayish tones; melanistic individuals are quite common. The throat and chest are blackish, and the ventral pelage varies from creamy white to dirty white. The stripes and spots on the body vary from different hues of brown to black. The nuchal stripes run as two parallel lines from the nape to the shoulders, where they diverge and enlarge towards the elbows; they are not so conspicuously marked as in other genet species. Below them, a pair of thinner stripes and small spots are scattered on the shoulders and sides of the neck. A third pair of thinner, parallel stripes runs down the neck between the nuchal stripes, extending to about one fourth of the mid-dorsal line, where they vanish or diverge as the first row of flank spots. The black mid-dorsal line is continuous and is flanked on each side by four rows of oblong to squared spots, and by a few small-scattered spots below. There is a dorsal erectile crest. The face has a dark mask and a pair of white sub-ocular spots. The tail has seven to nine black rings, alternating with pale rings; the intervening white spaces are pigmented with a brownish tinge on the dorsal midline. The width of the pale rings relative to the dark rings in the middle of the tail is 50-75%; the tip of the tail is dark. The hindlimbs and forelimbs are black; there are white hairs on the metacarpals and metatarsals. [he posterior parts of the feet are dark. There are two pairs of teats. The posterior chamber of the auditory bulla is not ventrally inflated and has a continuous curve line on the external side. The ratio between the inter-orbital constriction and frontal width is 1-00 + 0-12. Dental formula: 13/3, C1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40.
Factors Associated With Obesity in Adult Women: Respiratory Exchange Ratio, Heart Rate Variation and Body Image
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04029532. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 71.
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