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59 results for “body size change”
Data for: Long-term body size change in multiple landbird species, long-term change in temperature and precipitation as well as associations between temperature, precipitation, and morphological change in multiple landbird species, 2004 – 2019, 2021 - 2022.
<p>Six data sets used to look for long-term change in precipitation and temperature, body size change and possible environmental drivers of morphological change in birds captured during spring or fall migration in and around Lackawanna State Park, northeastern Pennsylvania, USA.</p> <p>The file labeled daily_temp_precip.csv contains daily precipitation and average daily temperature data from the Scranton/Wilkes Barre Airport (Avoca, Pennsylvania, USA) and the file called daily_temp_precip_1400 contains daily precipitation and daily temperature data from weather stations within 1,400 km of our study site location (41.6<sup>o</sup>N, 75.7<sup>o</sup>W), bounded by 80<sup>o</sup> W and 70<sup>o</sup>W longitude.</p> <p>The file called band_data_final.csv contains data collected from the first capture of individuals of multiple species during spring or fall migration, the file called all_hy_env_morph.csv contains temperature and precipitation anomaly data from Scranton/Wilkes Barre Airport (Avoca, Pennsylvania, USA), as well as morphological data from the first capture of all fall migrating young of the year.</p> <p>The file called all_hy_env_morph_1400.csv contains temperature and precipitation anomaly data from weather stations within 1,400 km of our study site location (41.6<sup>o</sup>N, 75.7<sup>o</sup>W), bounded by 80<sup>o</sup> W and 70<sup>o</sup>W longitude as well as morphological data from the first capture of all fall migrating young of the year while the file called local_hy_env_morph.csv contains temperature and precipitation anomaly data as well as first capture of local young of the year.</p>
The impact of paleoclimatic changes on body size evolution in marine fishes
<p class="MsoNormal">Body size is an important species trait, correlating with lifespan, fecundity, and other ecological factors. Over Earth's geological history, climate shifts have occurred, potentially shaping body size evolution in many clades. General rules attempting to summarize body size evolution include Bergmann's rule, which states that species grow to larger sizes in cooler environments and smaller sizes in warmer environments; and Cope's rule, which poses that lineages tend to increase in size over evolutionary time. Tetraodontiform fishes (including pufferfishes, boxfishes, and ocean sunfishes) provide an extraordinary clade to test these rules in ectotherms owing to their exemplary fossil record and the great disparity in body size observed among extant and fossil species. We examined Bergmann's and Cope's rules in this group by combining phylogenomic data (1,103 exon loci from 185 extant species) with 210 anatomical characters coded from both fossil and extant species. We aggregated data layers on paleoclimate and body size from the species examined, then inferred a set of time-calibrated phylogenies using tip-dating approaches for use in downstream comparative analyses of body size evolution using models that incorporate paleoclimatic information. We find strong support for a temperature-driven model in which increasing body size over time is correlated with decreasing oceanic temperatures. On average, extant tetraodontiforms are 2–3 times larger than their fossil counterparts, which otherwise evolved during periods of warmer ocean temperatures. These results provide strong support for both Bergmann's and Cope's rules, trends that are less studied in marine fishes compared to terrestrial vertebrates and marine invertebrates.</p>
Species-specific differences in bumblebee worker body size between elevations: Implications for pollinator community structure under climate change
<p>Code and dataset for manuscript titled "<span>Species-specific differences in bumblebee worker body size between elevations: Implications for pollinator community structure under climate change". Authors: Caterina Massa, Janneke Hille Ris Lambers, Sarah K. Richman. Manuscript accepted to Journal of Pollination Ecology in May 2024. All data collected and analyzed by the authors.<br></span></p>
Body size predicts the rate of contemporary morphological change in birds
<p>Variation in evolutionary rates among species is a defining characteristic of the tree of life and may be an important predictor of species' capacities to adapt to rapid environmental change. It is broadly assumed that generation length is an important determinant of microevolutionary rates, and body size is often used as a proxy for generation length. However, body size has myriad biological correlates that could affect evolutionary rates independently from generation length. We leverage two large, independently collected datasets on recent morphological change in birds (52 migratory species breeding in North America and 77 South American resident species) to test how body size and generation length are related to rates of contemporary morphological change. Both datasets show that birds have declined in body size and increased in wing length over the past 40 years. We found, in both systems, a consistent pattern wherein smaller species declined proportionally faster in body size and increased proportionally faster in wing length. By contrast, generation length explained less variation in evolutionary rates than did body size. Although the mechanisms warrant further investigation, our study demonstrates that body size is an important predictor of contemporary variation in morphological rates of change. Given the correlations between body size and a breadth of morphological, physiological, and ecological traits predicted to mediate phenotypic responses to environmental change, the relationship between body size and rates of phenotypic change should be considered when testing hypotheses about variation in adaptive responses to climate change.</p>
Data and code for: Changes in prey body size differentially reduces predation risk across predator and prey abundances
<p>Trophic interactions underpin the structure of ecological communities by describing the rate at which consumers exploit their resources. The rates at which predators consume their prey are influenced by prey traits, with many species inducing defensive modifications to prey traits following the threat of predation. Here we use different clonal lines of the protist <em>Paramecium</em> being consumed by <em>Stenostomum</em> predators to highlight how differences in prey traits impact rates of predation. Clonal lines differed in their body width traits and in their ability to induce changes in body width. By using a factorial cross of predator and prey abundances for different clonal lines we demonstrate how evolutionary or induced alterations in prey traits can impact the relative threat of predation. Our experiments show how interference among predators impacts predation rate and how increased body width increased predator handling times. Given that reductions in the strength of interspecific interactions are associated with increased levels of overall community stability, our results indicate how individual-level changes may scale up to impact whole communities. </p>
Data from: Ecological responses of <em>Orientallactaga sibirica</em>: Variations in body size and trophic niche across changing habitats
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Body size and early marine conditions drive changes in Chinook salmon productivity across northern latitude ecosystems
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Long-term increases in wing length occur independently of changes in climate and climate-driven shifts in body size
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Body size predicts the rate of contemporary morphological change in birds
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Data and code for: Changes in prey body size differentially reduces predation risk across predator and prey abundances
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The impact of paleoclimatic changes on body size evolution in marine fishes
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Data for: Coherent long-term body-size responses across all Northwest Atlantic herring populations to warming and environmental change despite contrasting harvest and ecological factors
<p>Body size is a key component of individual fitness and an important factor in the structure and functioning of populations and ecosystems. Disentangling the effects of environmental change, harvest, and intra- and inter-specific trophic effects on body size remains challenging for populations in the wild. Herring in the Northwest Atlantic provide a strong basis for evaluating hypotheses related to these drivers given that they have experienced significant warming and harvest over the past century, while also having been exposed to a wide range of other selective constraints across their range. Using data on mean length-at-age 4 for the sixteen principal populations over a period of 53 cohorts (1962-2014), we fitted a series of empirical models for temporal and between-population variation in the response to changes in sea surface temperature. We find evidence for a unified cross-population response in the form of a parabolic function according to which populations in naturally warmer environments have responded more negatively to increasing temperature compared with those in colder locations. Temporal variation in residuals from this function was highly coherent among populations, further suggesting a common response to a large-scale environmental driver. The synchrony observed in this study system, despite strong differences in harvest and ecological histories among populations and over time, clearly indicates a dominant role of environmental change on size-at-age in wild populations, in contrast to commonly reported effects of fishing. This finding has important implications for the management of fisheries as it indicates that a key trait associated with population productivity may be under considerably less short-term management control than currently assumed. Our study, overall, illustrates the need for a comparative approach within species for inferences concerning the many possible effects on body size of natural and anthropogenic drivers in the wild.</p>
Telomere length and rate of change, as they relate to body size and longevity
<p><span>Telomeres, the terminal repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of linear chromosomes, have strong associations with longevity in some major taxa. Longevity has been linked to rate of decline in telomere length in birds and mammals, and absolute telomere length seems to be associated with body mass in mammals. Using a phylogenetic comparative method and 30 species of birds, we examined longevity (reflected by maximum lifespan), absolute telomere length, the rate of change in telomere length (TROC), and body mass (often strongly associated with longevity) to ascertain their degree of association. We divided lifespan into two life-history components, one reflected by body size (measured as body mass), and a component that was statistically independent of body mass. While both lifespan and body mass were strongly associated with a family tree of the species (viz., the phylogeny of the species), telomere measures were not. Telomere length was not significantly associated with longevity or body mass, or our measure of mass-independent lifespan. TROC, however, was strongly associated with mass-independent lifespan, but only to a much lesser degree at best with body mass-predicted lifespan. Our results supported an association of TROC and longevity, in particular longevity that was independent of body size and part of the pace-of-life syndrome of life histories.</span></p>
Data from: Life history changes associated with over 400 generations of artificial selection on body size in Drosophila
<p>Body size is a trait that shapes many aspects of a species' development and evolution. Larger body size is often beneficial in animals, but it can also be associated with life history costs in natural systems. Similarly, miniaturization, the evolution of extremely small adult body size, is found in every major animal group, yet carries its own life history trade-offs. Given that these effects can depend on an animal's environment and life stage and have mainly been studied in species that are already specialized for their size, the life history changes associated with evolutionary shifts in body size warrant additional investigation. Here, we used <em>Drosophila melanogaster </em>populations that had undergone over 400 generations of artificial selection on body size to investigate the changes in life history traits associated with the evolution of extremely large and extremely small body sizes. Populations selected for small body size experienced strong trade-offs in multiple life history traits, including reduced female fecundity and lower juvenile viability. Although we found correlated changes in egg size associated with selection for both large and small body size, after adjusting for female body size, females from populations selected for large size had the lowest relative investment per egg and females from populations selected for small size had the highest relative investment per egg. Taken together, our results suggest that egg size may be a key constraint on the evolution of body size in <em>D. melanogaster,</em> providing insight into the broader phenomenon of body size evolution in insects.</p>
Nematode biomass changes along an elevational gradient are trophic group dependent but independent of body size
<p>Data supporting "Nematode biomass changes along an elevational gradient are trophic group dependent but independent of body size"</p>
Data from: Life history changes associated with over 400 generations of artificial selection on body size in Drosophila
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Data for: Coherent long-term body-size responses across all Northwest Atlantic herring populations to warming and environmental change despite contrasting harvest and ecological factors
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Telomere length and rate of change, as they relate to body size and longevity
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Early adaptation to an unusual host in the bean weevil <em>Zabrotes subfasciatus</em> is associated with changes in body size and reproductive physiology
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Temperature-related body size change of marine benthic macroinvertebrates across the early Toarcian Anoxic Event
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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