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32 results for “bonobo”
Predicted genome-wide chromatin contact differences among 71 bonobos and chimpanzees
<p>This file contains predicted chromatin contact differences in HFF cells using Akita among pairs of 71 bonobos and chimpanzees at 4,420 ~ 1 Mb genomic windows in the panTro6 genome. Each entry corresponds to a pairwise comparison at a given window. Data per comparison includes the individual IDs in the pairwise comparison, lineages represented, chromosome, position, window ID, mean squared error, Spearman correlation, divergence (1 - Spearman correlation), and the number of nucleotide differences for the pair at the given window.</p>
Data from: Timbres of tolerance: Co-feeding tolerance in chimpanzees and bonobos is better explained by group-specific variation than species differences
<p><span>The human species exhibits a remarkable level of social tolerance which has propelled a plethora of behavioural expressions pivotal to our biological success. To date, the evolutionary origins of humans' "ultra-sociality" remain unclear, despite a substantial research focus on our closest living evolutionary relatives, the great apes. Bonobos are typically portrayed as more socially tolerant than chimpanzees and consequentially (sometimes) presented as a better model to study the evolutionary roots of human sociality. Yet, the current evidence supporting such a species-level categorization is equivocal. Here, we used validated group-level co-feeding tasks to test 16 independent <em>Pan </em>groups living in zoo (n=9) and sanctuary (n=7) settings, representing 225 individuals. We found that the expressions of social tolerance substantially overlapped between species, thus precluding categorical inference at the species level. Instead, marked differences were observed among groups, with some bonobo groups exhibiting higher social tolerance than chimpanzee groups, and vice versa. Interestingly, substantial intergroup variation was found within species living in the same environment, which attests to Pan's behavioural flexibility. We conclude that the pervasive dichotomy between the tolerant bonobo and the belligerent chimpanzee requires quantitative nuance, and that accurate phylogenetic tracing of (human) social behaviour necessitates estimations of intraspecific intergroup variation.</span></p>
Data from: Does tolerance allow bonobos to outperform chimpanzees on a cooperative task? A conceptual replication of Hare et al., 2007
<p><span>Across various taxa, social tolerance is thought to facilitate cooperation, and many species are treated as having species-specific patterns of social tolerance. Yet studies that assess wild and captive bonobos and chimpanzees result in contrasting findings. By replicating a cornerstone experimental study on tolerance and cooperation in bonobos and chimpanzees (Hare et al., 2007</span><span> <em>Cur. Biol</em>. </span><span>17</span><span>, 619–623</span><span>), we aim to understand whether current discrepant findings may result from noise, methodological differences, or behavioural variability. We tested bonobos and chimpanzees housed at the same facility in a co-feeding and cooperation task. Food was placed on dishes located on both ends or in the middle of a platform. In the co-feeding task, the tray was simply made available to the ape duos, whereas in the cooperation task the apes had to simultaneously pull at both ends of a rope attached to the platform to retrieve the food. In contrast to the published findings, b</span><span>onobos and chimpanzees co-fed to a similar degree, indicating a similar level of tolerance. However, bonobos cooperated more than chimpanzees when the food was monopolizable, which replicates the original study. Our findings call into question the interpretation that at the species level bonobos cooperate to a higher degree because they are inherently more tolerant.</span></p>
Predicted genome-wide chromatin contact differences among 71 bonobos and chimpanzees
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Data from: Group-specific expressions of co-feeding tolerance in bonobos and chimpanzees preclude dichotomous species generalizations
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Data from: Does tolerance allow bonobos to outperform chimpanzees on a cooperative task? A conceptual replication of Hare et al., 2007
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Information transfer efficiency differs in wild chimpanzees and bonobos, but not social-cognition
Several theories have been generated to understand the socio-cognitive mechanisms underlying the unique cooperative abilities of humans. The "interdependence hypothesis" posits that the cognitive dimension of human cooperation evolved in contexts when several individuals needed to collaborate to achieve a common goal and that more interdependent individuals are more likely to cooperate (provide services to conspecifics) in non-collaborative contexts. Alternatively, the "social tolerance hypothesis" proposes that higher social tolerance allows conspecifics to cooperate more efficiently and with a wider range of partners. We conducted the first field experimental evaluation of both hypotheses in our closest living relatives by contrasting chimpanzees to the less interdependent but more tolerant bonobos. We compared each species' performance during a non-collaborative cooperative task: informing conspecifics about a danger. We presented Gaboon viper models to 82 individuals from 5 wild communities. Chimpanzees arriving late at the snake were significantly more likely to have heard a call and less likely to startle, indicating that chimpanzees were better informed about the presence of the threat than bonobos. This stems from clear species differences in how individuals adjusted their calling decisions to the level of information already available. Chimpanzees were more likely to call and produced more alarm calls when they had not yet heard a call, whereas bonobos did so when they already heard a call. Our results confirm the link between interdependence and cooperation performance. These species differences were most likely driven by differences in motivation rather than in cognitive capacities since both species tended to consider audience knowledge in their decision to call. Our results inform theories on the evolution of human cooperation by linking inter-group competition pressure and in-group cooperative motivation and/or capability.
Better together? how intergroup associations affect energy balance and feeding behavior in wild bonobos
<p>When the benefits of interacting with out-group members exceed the associated costs, social groups may be expected to be tolerant towards each other. However, in many species exhibiting intergroup tolerance, the nature of benefits gained from intergroup encounters remains unclear. We investigated the potential costs and benefits associated with intergroup associations in bonobos, a species with varying degrees of intergroup tolerance, by testing whether these associations conferred energetic benefits to participants under different socioecological contexts, and whether the consequences of these associations substantially differed from within-group competition. We used measures of socioecological factors (i.e. fruit abundance and group size), feeding and ranging behaviors, and a physiological marker of energy balance (i.e. urinary c-peptides of insulin) collected over a 19-month period from two neighboring wild communities in the Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve, DRC. We found that intergroup associations did not affect individuals' energy balance, but they did alter individuals' ranging and feeding behavior. Specifically, bonobos travelled longer distances, visited larger fruit patches, and increased the time spent feeding on fruits on days they associated with the neighboring group. These adaptations in feeding behavior may be strategies to offset the energetic costs of increased travel distances. In the absence of obvious energetic benefits and with clear strategies employed to offset energetic costs, it is likely that intergroup associations in bonobos provide benefits unrelated to energy acquisition, such as social benefits. Our study sheds light on the potential incentives promoting social networks to extend beyond and across groups in a tolerant species.</p>
Gregariousness, foraging effort, and social interactions in lactating bonobos and chimpanzees
<p>Fission-fusion dynamics have evolved in a broad range of animal taxa and are thought to allow individuals to mitigate feeding competition. While this is the principal benefit of fission-fusion, few studies have evaluated its costs. We compared gregariousness, foraging budgets, and social budgets between lactating bonobos and chimpanzees from wild populations to evaluate such costs. Both species exhibit fission-fusion dynamics, but chimpanzees, particularly in East African populations, appear to experience higher feeding competition than bonobos. We expected lactating chimpanzees to be less gregarious than lactating bonobos; reduced gregariousness should allow lactating chimpanzees to mitigate costs of higher feeding competition without requiring more foraging effort. However, we expected the reduced gregariousness of lactating chimpanzees to limit their time available for affiliative social interactions. Using long-term data from LuiKotale bonobos and Gombe chimpanzees, we found that lactating chimpanzees were indeed less gregarious than lactating bonobos while feeding and travel time did not differ between species. Contrary to our predictions, lactating females did not differ in social interaction time, and lactating chimpanzees spent proportionately more time interacting with individuals other than their immature offspring. Our results indicate that lactating chimpanzees can maintain social budgets comparable to lactating bonobos despite reduced gregariousness and without incurring additional foraging costs. We discuss potential explanations for why lactating bonobos are more gregarious.</p>
Distribution. Congo Basin in DR Congo (Equateur Province) in the Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve; it is unknown to people N of the Lopori. Its distribution is otherwise a mystery, but it is supposed it would extend between the Lopori River and the Luo River to the W; its possible occurrence in the Lolema River Basin to the S has not been confirmed. in Cercopithecidae
Distribution. Congo Basin in DR Congo (Equateur Province) in the Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve; it is unknown to people N of the Lopori. Its distribution is otherwise a mystery, but it is supposed it would extend between the Lopori River and the Luo River to the W; its possible occurrence in the Lolema River Basin to the S has not been confirmed.
Bonobo Dataset
<p>This dataset has been introduced in the conference paper: Dataset Generation and Bonobo Classification from Weakly Labelled Videos.<br>Humans were annotated and blurred.<br>The dataset is released under our data agreement and may be used for scientific purposes. Please read the data agreement before downloading the data.</p> <p>More information on how to process the data can be found on the dedicated Github repo: https://github.com/ccp-eva/BonobosClassification<br><br></p>
Data from: The "tolerant chimpanzee" - towards the costs and benefits of sociality in female bonobos
Humans share an extraordinary degree of sociality with other primates, calling for comparative work into the evolutionary drivers of the variation in social engagement observed between species. Of particular interest is the contrast between the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and bonobo (Pan paniscus), the latter exhibiting increased female gregariousness, more tolerant relationships, and elaborate behavioral adaptations for conflict resolution. Here we test predictions from three socio-ecological hypotheses regarding the evolution of these traits using data on wild bonobos at LuiKotale, Democratic Republic of Congo. Focusing on the behavior of co-feeding females and controlling for variation in characteristics of the feeding patch, food intake rate moderately increased while feeding effort decreased with female dominance rank, indicating that females engaged in competitive exclusion from high quality food resources. However, these rank effects did not translate into variation in energy balance, as measured from urinary C-peptide levels. Instead, energy balance varied independent of female rank with the proportion of fruit in the diet. Together with the observation that females join forces in conflicts with males, our results support the hypothesis that predicts that females trade off feeding opportunities for safety against male aggression. The key to a full understanding of variation in social structure may be an integrated view of cooperation and competition over access to the key resources food and mates, both within and between the sexes.
Better together? how intergroup associations affect energy balance and feeding behavior in wild bonobos
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Data from: The “tolerant chimpanzee” - towards the costs and benefits of sociality in female bonobos
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Information transfer efficiency differs in wild chimpanzees and bonobos, but not social-cognition
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Data from: Heterochrony in chimpanzee and bonobo spatial memory development
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Gregariousness, foraging effort, and social interactions in lactating bonobos and chimpanzees
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Beyond the group: how food, mates and group size influence inter-group encounters in wild bonobos
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Estradiol and creatinine values of captive female bonobos
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Data from: Bonobos and chimpanzees exhibit human-like framing effects
Humans exhibit framing effects when making choices, appraising decisions involving losses differently from those involving gains. To directly test for the evolutionary origin of this bias, we examined decision-making in humans' closest living relatives: bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). We presented the largest sample of non-humans to date (n = 40) with a simple task requiring minimal experience. Apes made choices between a 'framed' option that provided preferred food, and an alternative option that provided a constant amount of intermediately preferred food. In the gain condition, apes experienced a positive 'gain' event in which the framed option was initially presented as one piece of food but sometimes was augmented to two. In the loss condition, apes experienced a negative 'loss' event in which they initially saw two pieces but sometimes received only one. Both conditions provided equal pay-offs, but apes chose the framed option more often in the positive 'gain' frame. Moreover, male apes were more susceptible to framing than were females. These results suggest that some human economic biases are shared through common descent with other apes and highlight the importance of comparative work in understanding the origins of individual differences in human choice.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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