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72 results for “breeding system”
Data from: First records of complete annual cycles in water rails Rallus aquaticus show evidence of itinerant breeding and a complex migration system
<p>In water rails <em>Rallus aquaticus</em>, northern and eastern populations are migratory while southern and western populations are sedentary. Few details are known about the annual cycle of this elusive species. We studied movements and breeding in water rails from southernmost Norway where the species occurs year-round. Colour-ringed wintering birds occurred only occasionally at the study site in summer, and vice versa. Geolocator tracks revealed that wintering birds (n = 10) migrated eastwards in spring to breed on both sides of the Baltic Sea, whereas a single breeding bird from the study site wintered in north Italy. Ambient light records of geolocator birds further indicated that all but one incubated 2–4 clutches per season. By combining information on incubation and movement, we found evidence for itinerant breeding in three individual birds: After a first breeding attempt (one did not incubate), all moved 129–721 km to breed again. This behaviour is rarely recorded in birds and was unexpected because the water rail is described as monogamous with both parents caring for eggs and chicks. The study greatly improves our knowledge about the annual cycle and reproduction in water rails. However, more studies are warranted to evaluate the generality of our findings and causes of breeding itinerancy.</p>
Figure 3 in Pollination and breeding system in two sympatric Fuchsia (Onagraceae) species at the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Brazil): Hummingbirds, insects and facultative self-pollination
Figure 3. Importance Value Index (IVI) for the pollinators of Fuchsia campos-portoi, F. regia, and the overall for both species (Total).
Figure 2. A-D in Pollination and breeding system in two sympatric Fuchsia (Onagraceae) species at the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Brazil): Hummingbirds, insects and facultative self-pollination
Figure 2. A-D. Pollinators of F. regia. A and B. Clytolaema rubricauda (Trochilidae) showing large amounts of pollen of F. regia on the throat (B). C and D. Acroceridae flies. E-H. pollinators of F. campos-portoi. E. and F. Stephanoxis lalandi (Trochilidae). Notice the pollen onto the throat (F). G. and H. Bombus brasiliensis (Apidae). Notice the stigmatic surface touching the bee's ventral region (H).
Figure 5 in Effect of season and housing systems on various physiobehavioral attributes of local breed of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Figure 5. Effect of seasons on TSL of male rabbits under cage system. Data is mean (± SE) and different letters on the bars depict statistical difference at (p ≤ 0.05) for seasons.
Figure 4 in Effect of season and housing systems on various physiobehavioral attributes of local breed of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Figure 4. Effect of housing system on various physiological attributes of rabbits. Data is mean (± SE). Similar letters on the bars indicate non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) difference within caged and colony reared rabbits for rectal temperature. Different letters on the bars indicate significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference within caged and colony reared rabbits for respiration rate.
Data from: Appalachian-breeding Vermivora chrysoptera (Golden-winged Warbler) occur at very low densities in mid-elevation forests and agroforestry systems throughout the Andes and isolated massifs of northern Colombia
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Data from: First records of complete annual cycles in water rails Rallus aquaticus show evidence of itinerant breeding and a complex migration system
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Data from: Consequences of breeding system for body condition and survival throughout the annual cycle of tidal marsh sparrows
An individual's body condition and probability of survival can change throughout the annual cycle, based on the combined effects of many factors, including reproductive investment during breeding, colder temperatures during winter, and elevated risks during migration. We evaluated body condition and survival during breeding and non-breeding periods in two closely related species with notably different reproductive systems. Male and female saltmarsh sparrows (Ammodramus caudacutus) represent extremes in parental care: males perform none, leaving females to do everything from build nests to care for fledglings. In contrast, male and female seaside sparrows (A. maritimus) have bi-parental care and similar levels of reproductive investment, intermediate between male and female saltmarsh sparrows. Our results are consistent with the idea that females experience non-lethal effects of reproduction, and that differences between the breeding season and winter affect condition. In both species, females had lower scaled mass index (SMI) values than males during both breeding and non-breeding seasons, and female saltmarsh sparrows had lower SMI values than female seaside sparrows. Females carried more fat than males during the breeding season, and female, but not male, fat and muscle scores decreased over time, which is consistent with the adaptive mass hypothesis. In winter, all groups carried more fat and had higher muscle scores than when breeding, despite having lower SMI scores. Although we observed variation in body condition, within-season survival was uniformly high in both seasons, suggesting that sex, species, season, body size, and body condition have little impacts on within season survival. Comparisons with previously-published estimates of annual adult survival suggest that most mortality occurs during migration, even in these short-distance migrants. The importance of considering multiple aspects of body condition, multiple seasons, and difficult-to-monitor events, such as migration, should not be ignored when thinking about the events and processes that cumulatively determine population dynamics.
Data for: Interactions between breeding system and ploidy affect niche breadth in Solanum
<p>Understanding the factors driving ecological and evolutionary interactions of economically important plant species is important for sustainability. Niches of crop wild relatives, including wild potatoes (Solanum section Petota), have received attention, however, such information has not been analyzed in combination with phylogenetic histories, genomic composition, and reproductive systems. The data presented here provide publically available data on the geographic position, climatic niche, life-history (ploidy/mating system) and chloroplast phylogeny. These data were used to understand the interplay of these factors on climate niche in Solanum. </p>
Evidence that catecholaminergic systems mediate dynamic colour change during explosive breeding events in toads
<p><span>Many animals communicate by rapidly (within minutes or seconds) changing their body coloration. We know, however, little about the physiology of this behaviour. Here we study how catecholaminergic hormones regulate rapid colour change in explosive breeding toads (<em>Duttaphrynus melanostictus</em>), where large groups of males gather and quickly change their colour from brown to bright yellow during reproduction. We find that both epinephrine (EP) and/or norepinephrine (NE) cause the toads' skin to become yellow in minutes, even in the absence of social and environmental cues associated with explosive breeding. We hypothesize that natural selection drives the evolution of rapid colour change by co-opting the functional effects of catecholaminergic action. If so, then hormones involved in "fight or flight" responsivity may mechanistically facilitate the emergence of dynamic visual signals that mediate communication in a sexual context. </span></p>
Figure 2 in Effect of season and housing systems on various physiobehavioral attributes of local breed of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Figure 2. Mean values for meteorological attributes during different study seasons.
Data from: Interaction among ploidy, breeding system, and lineage diversification
If particular traits consistently affect rates of speciation and extinction, broad macroevolutionary patterns can be interpreted as consequences of selection at high levels of the biological hierarchy. Identifying traits associated with diversification rates is difficult because of the wide variety of characters under consideration and the statistical challenges of testing for associations from comparative phylogenetic data. Ploidy (diploid vs. polyploid states) and breeding system (self-incompatible vs. self-compatible states) are both thought to be drivers of differential diversification in angiosperms. We fit twenty-nine diversification models to extensive trait and phylogenetic data in Solanaceae and investigate how speciation and extinction rate differences are associated with ploidy, breeding system, and the interaction between these traits. We show that diversification patterns in Solanaceae are better explained by breeding system and an additional unobserved factor, rather than by ploidy. We also find that the most common evolutionary pathway to polyploidy in Solanaceae occurs via direct breakdown of self-incompatibility by whole-genome duplication, rather than indirectly via breakdown followed by polyploidization. Comparing multiple stochastic diversification models that include complex trait interactions alongside hidden states enhances our understanding of the macroevolutionary patterns in plant phylogenies.
Data from: Climate change consequences for differential adult survival and the mating system of a temperate breeding shorebird
<p>Managing for the effects of climate change on species whose populations are currently imperiled requires detailed knowledge of the relationship between their demographic rates and climate variables. We sought this information for the West Coast breeding population of snowy plover (<em>Charadrius nivosus</em>), which was federally listed as threatened in 1993 due to substantial declines in the numbers of plovers breeding along the coast and in the number of sites occupied for breeding. Snowy plovers employ a serially polygamous breeding system in which the male typically tends chicks to independence. This unusual breeding system is favored by male-biased sex ratios in local populations. As part of a multi-species study of the effect of climate change on population growth, we used mark-capture models to examine climate drivers of adult survival for 1,219 snowy plovers banded at Monterey Bay over 38 years and known to overwinter on the surrounding north-central California outer coast. Non-climate variables, including sex and unmeasured annual mortality risks (e.g., predator abundance) were the primary factors affecting adult survival. However, there is evidence that cold weather, particularly extended cold snaps with daily low temperatures below 2˚C and daily high temperatures below 10˚C, decreases overwinter survival. Exceptionally cold winters had a particularly strong effect on adult female plovers, contributing to the male-biased adult sex ratios. Future winter climate on the north-central California coast is projected to be generally warmer with fewer and shorter cold snaps. Reduced mortality from cold winter weather may mitigate other threats faced by plovers, such as anthropogenically enhanced predator populations, habitat loss, and accelerated sea level rise, while altering the adult sex ratio and potentially shifting the evolutionary landscape maintaining the plover's unusual breeding system.</p>
Variable social organisation and breeding system of a social parrot revealed by genetic analysis
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Data from: Consequences of breeding system for body condition and survival throughout the annual cycle of tidal marsh sparrows
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Evidence that catecholaminergic systems mediate dynamic colour change during explosive breeding events in toads
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Data for: Interactions between breeding system and ploidy affect niche breadth in Solanum
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Data from: Climate change consequences for differential adult survival and the mating system of a temperate breeding shorebird
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Data from: Interaction among ploidy, breeding system, and lineage diversification
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Data from: A Comprehensive Account of the Breeding Systems of the Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.