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opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

Data from: Silence of the killers: discovery of male-killing suppression in a rearing strain of the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus

According to evolutionary theory, sex ratio distortions caused by reproductive parasites such as Wolbachia and Spiroplasma are predicted to be rapidly normalised by the emergence of host nuclear suppressors. However, such processes in the evolutionary arms race are difficult to observe because sex ratio biases will be promptly hidden and become superficially unrecognisable. The evolution of genetic suppressors has been reported in just two insect species so far. In the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus, female-biases caused by Spiroplasma, which is a 'late' male-killer, have been found in some populations. During the continuous rearing of L. striatellus, we noticed that a rearing strain had a 1:1 sex ratio even though it harboured Spiroplasma. Through introgression crossing experiments with a strain lacking suppressors, we revealed that the L. striatellus strain had the zygotic male-killing suppressor acting as a dominant trait. The male-killing phenotype was hidden by the suppressor even though Spiroplasma retained its male-killing ability. This is the first study to demonstrate the existence of a late male-killing suppressor and its mode of inheritance. Our results, together with those of previous studies, suggest that the inheritance modes of male-killing suppressors are similar regardless of insect order or early or late male-killing.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Evidence for high dispersal ability and mito-nuclear discordance in the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus

Understanding dispersal ability in pest species is critical for both theoretical aspects of evolutionary and population biology and from a practical standpoint, such as implementing effective forecasting systems. The small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén), is an economically important pest, but few data exist on its dispersal ability. Here, we used mitochondrial and nuclear markers to elucidate the population genetic structure of SBPH and of the parasitic bacterium Wolbachia throughout temperate and subtropical China. Our results showed that the SBPH populations in China lack significant differences in genetic structure, suggesting extensive gene flow. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that Wolbachia infection was systematic and due to the same strain (wStri) within and across populations. However, the mtDNA haplogroups had a nonrandom distribution across the sampling localities, which correlated to latitudinal and climatic gradients. We explain this mito-nuclear discordance as a result of historical population recolonization or mitochondria adaptation to climate.

FIG. 3 in The wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Chaerephon plicatus Buchannan, 1800) feeds mainly on brown planthoppers in rice fields of central Thailand

FIG. 3. The average monthly number of male brown planthopper genitalia per pellet (0 ± SE) in the diet of C. plicatus at two caves: Khao Wongkot Cave (KWC) and Khao Chakan Cave (KCC) in central Thailand (2015–2016), as determined by fecal analysis. The yearly average number of genitalia per pellet was 2.16 ± 1.55 (0 ± SE) for KWC and 2.55 ± 1.68 for KCC

FIG. 1. A in The wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Chaerephon plicatus Buchannan, 1800) feeds mainly on brown planthoppers in rice fields of central Thailand

FIG. 1. A map of Thailand showing active rice fields and our two study caves housing C. plicatus bats at Khao Wongkot cave (KWC, 70% surrounding rice fields) and Khao Chakan cave (KCC, 22% surrounding rice fields) in central Thailand. The two circle insets show a 20-km radius (approximate bat foraging distance) around each cave [gray: newly planted rice, black: older rice and white: no rice; data from GISTDA, September 2016]

of central in) KCC (Cave Chakan Khao and) KWC ( Cave] Wongkot Acari and, Khao Dermaptera at 2016, September Isoptera, to 2015 Plecoptera, October Psocoptera during, traps Blattodae, suction Odonata in, collected Trichoptera insects, of Orthoptera mass include dry Percent Others [ .. 2. Thailand ABLE T in The wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Chaerephon plicatus Buchannan, 1800) feeds mainly on brown planthoppers in rice fields of central Thailand

of central in) KCC (Cave Chakan Khao and) KWC ( Cave] Wongkot Acari and, Khao Dermaptera at 2016, September Isoptera, to 2015 Plecoptera, October Psocoptera during, traps Blattodae, suction Odonata in, collected Trichoptera insects, of Orthoptera mass include dry Percent Others [ .. 2. Thailand ABLE T

FIG. 2 in The wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Chaerephon plicatus Buchannan, 1800) feeds mainly on brown planthoppers in rice fields of central Thailand

FIG. 2. Percent volume and percent frequency (0 ± SE) of insect orders found in fecal samples of C. plicatus collected monthly from October 2015 to September 2016 at Khao Wongkot cave (KWC, 70% surrounding rice fields)and Khao Chakan cave (KCC, 22% surrounding rice fields) in central Thailand. [Other: Orthoptera and Hymenoptera combined]

opennotspecifiedFeb 2022View details →

Fig. 4 in Metabolite profiles of brown planthopper-susceptible and resistant rice (Oryza sativa) varieties associated with infestation and mechanical stimuli

Fig. 4. Normalized intensity of significant metabolites affected by BPH infestation (n = 3/group) with different response patterns: (A). similar response in BPHsusceptible KD and BPH-resistant RH, (B). late induction in KD variety, (C). early induction in RH but late induction in KD, (D). induction in RH in both BPH and mechanical piercing by a needle common response in KD and RH, (E). higher level in KD than RH, and (F). higher level in RH than KD. Unpaired-t test was used to compare the control (black bar) and the BPH-treated (white bar) groups and to compare the control (black bar) and the mechanical-treated (grey bar) groups (*p- value<0.05, **p-value<0.01 and ***p-value<0.001) per time per genotype. HAT represents hour after treatment. Error bars represent one standard deviation of the mean value. Normalized intensity of each feature was relative to the intensity of a reference sample.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2022View details →

Fig. 3 in Metabolite profiles of brown planthopper-susceptible and resistant rice (Oryza sativa) varieties associated with infestation and mechanical stimuli

Fig. 3. Clustergram analysis of BPH-susceptible KD and BPH-resistant RH varieties between control (no treatment) and BPH treatment at 0, 6, 24 and 96 h using hierarchical clustering. (A). Venn's diagram represents numbers of metabolite features of KD and RH from three different treatments. (B). Clustergrams obtained from 213 metabolite features of ESI+with % relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 30% at least half of total sample numbers and six different alteration patterns (46 metabolite features) with their level changes greater than 1.5 folds comparing between KD and RH, and between treatment and control in each timepoint. B indicates BPH treatment. M indicates mechanical piercing by a needle. C indicates no treatment.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2022View details →

Fig. 2 in Metabolite profiles of brown planthopper-susceptible and resistant rice (Oryza sativa) varieties associated with infestation and mechanical stimuli

Fig. 2. PCA score plot of metabolite profiles (6413 metabolite features) obtained from ESI + mode among control (C, red), mechanical piercing by a needle (M, blue) and BPH (B, green) treatment at (A). all timepoints (0, 6, 24 and 96 h) between BPH-susceptible KD and BPH-resistant RH varieties. QC indicates pooled samples (n = 70) of rice leave extracts (orange star), (B). 0 h, (C). 6 h, (D). 24 h and (E) 96 h between BPH-susceptible KD and BPH-resistant RH varieties. The numbers above the circles indicate time points. Open and filled circles indicate data from KD and RH varieties. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

publicAug 2020View details →

Data from: Silence of the killers: discovery of male-killing suppression in a rearing strain of the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus

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publicMar 2019View details →

Data from: Evidence for high dispersal ability and mito-nuclear discordance in the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus

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