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7 results for “brown-headed cowbird”
Data for: Brood parasitism of Hooded Warblers by Brown-headed Cowbirds: Severe impact on individual nests but modest consequences for seasonal fecundity and conservation
<div> <div> <div> <div> <p>Brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (<em>Molothrus ater</em>) often has pronounced negative effects on host nests. However, the extent to which parasitism reduces annual reproduction and presents conservation challenges for host species is unclear. We address this issue with data from a color-banded population of Hooded Warblers (<em>Setophaga citrina</em>) in Pennsylvania, where Hooded Warblers have increased dramatically despite frequent nest parasitism. Our analysis is based on both an extensive dataset (8 years, 847 nests) on the per-nest impacts of cowbird parasitism, and female-based stochastic simulations that accurately reflect the reproductive biology and parasitism rate (30%) of our study population. Cowbird parasitism has multiple negative consequences for Hooded Warbler nests, including: (1) reduced host clutch size, (2) increased nest abandonment, (3) increased risk of complete failure due to predation, and (4) in surviving nests increased egg loss, hatching failure, and nestling mortality. We estimate that parasitism reduces success of Hooded Warbler nests 68%, from 1.29 to 0.41 fledglings per nest. For females and populations, however, the consequences of nest parasitism are considerably less extreme; female annual fecundity decreases 25% for each nesting attempt parasitized, and population-level fecundity drops 5.6% for each 10% increase in the frequency of parasitism. These more modest impacts are attributable to: (1) steep declines in rates of cowbird parasitism as the nesting season progresses, (2) rapid re-nesting following abandonment or failure of parasitized nests, and (3) regular double brooding, with second broods initiated in late June and July when the incidence of cowbird parasitism is low. Our results help resolve the paradox of how cowbird parasitism can have both severe consequences for individual host nests but more modest and sustainable conservation impacts on the seasonal fecundity of females and populations. They further underscore the importance of determining population-level effects of brood parasites before investing in costly management efforts.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Data for: Brood parasitism of Hooded Warblers by Brown-headed Cowbirds: Severe impact on individual nests but modest consequences for seasonal fecundity and conservation
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Data from: A seasonal shift in offspring sex ratio of the brood parasitic Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater)
<p>Avian obligate brood parasites do not provide parental care for their eggs and young, and may therefore serve as a strong model system to test predictions of evolutionary sex-allocation theories, independent of parental modulation of primary sex ratios. However, none of the handful of previous studies examining offspring sex ratio in brood parasitic birds have revealed a bias from parity at the level of the female parasite, the host species, or temporal scale(s). This is also surprising, because in at least one brood parasite, the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), adult sex ratios are consistently and heavily male-biased. Here we used a large database of embryonic and nestling cowbirds' genetic sex ratios collected from nests of a single host species, the Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea) to assess potential overall, temporal, and individual patterns of bias. Contrary to previous findings, we documented an increase in the calculated male sex ratios later in the breeding season. There was no effect of whether embryos or nestlings were sampled, implying a lack of host parental effect on shifting the primary-to-secondary sex ratios of brood parasitic offspring. Future work should explore the sex-specific survival and recruitment pattern of fledgling cowbirds raised by this and other host species to reconcile theoretical and empirical predictions and patterns.</p>
Data from: A seasonal shift in offspring sex ratio of the brood parasitic Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater)
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Digital records of Brown-headed Cowbirds removing eggs and nestlings from nests of grassland passerine birds in southwest Wisconsin
<p>We present digital recordings from video surveillance systems at nests of grassland birds. Video surveillance systems were used as part of grassland bird studies done in southwestern Wisconsin. Study sites were clustered near Mt. Horeb (43.0167°N, 89.7500°W). Four grassy field types were studied: continuously-grazed pasture, prairie, and cool- and warm-season grass fields. The digital recordings archived here were used to document egg and nestling destruction by the Brown-headed Cowbird (<em>Molothrus ater</em>).</p>
Digital records of Brown-headed Cowbirds removing eggs and nestlings from nests of grassland passerine birds in southwest Wisconsin
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Data from: Conventional oil and natural gas infrastructure increases brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) relative abundance and parasitism in mixed-grass prairie
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.