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193 results for “browse”
Deer and Moose Browsing in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest 2008
Hemlock decline in New England is caused by direct and indirect effects of invasion of the hemlock woolly adelgid. Direct damage from the insect is causing gradual mortality of hemlock, and widespread harvesting of hemlock in advance of mortality, in contrast, causes immediate mortality and removal of biomass from the site. Although both processes affect thousands of acres of forest annually we have only a limited understanding of their effects on forest ecosystem function and productivity and the nature of the subsequent forest community. We anticipate that harvesting will yield different consequences than gradual mortality from the insect. Therefore we designed an experiment to simulate these contrasting impacts, by logging or girdling hemlock stands. Results from the experimental treatments will be compared to the changes observed in forests that are being infested by the adelgid, and can also be included in integrated analyses of a suite of large experiments that form a core component of the Harvard Forest LTER program. Deer and moose foraging can play a key role in shaping forest regeneration after disturbance in temperate forest. In 2008, we initiated a browsing survey of woody stems in the Simes hemlock removal experiment plots. There are regular moose sightings in the study area, and moose pellets are commonly found within the plots. Also, extensive browsing of tree regeneration in the logged plots was noted starting in 2007. Sampling of the 8 study plots was completed in Summer 2008. The next sampling is tentatively scheduled for Summer 2013.
Role of Moose and Deer Browsing in Harvested Forests of Southern New England since 2008
In the past 20 years, moose have spread south from Vermont and New Hampshire and recolonized their pre-historical range limit in southern New England from which they had been extirpated almost 200 years earlier. Intensive moose browsing in the boreal forest has caused declines in forest density and shifts in species composition in some areas, generating considerable interest and concern among foresters, wildlife managers, and ecologists as to how moose along with white-tailed deer will impact forest development in this region. Harvard Forest in collaboration with researchers at the USGS Massachusetts Cooperative Research Unit has initiated a long-term study of the role of moose and deer in SNE forests using experimental exclosures. The design is a randomized block with 3 factors -- full exclosure, partial exclosure, and control plot. Full exclosures exclude both moose and deer but allow access to small mammals such as mice, squirrels, and rabbits. Partial exclosures have a 60cm opening around the bottom perimeter of the fence, which excludes moose but allows access to deer and other small and medium-sized animals. The design enables us to quantify forest composition and structure in areas (1) exposed to moose and deer browsing,(2) protected from moose and deer browsing, and (3) exposed to deer browsing but protected from moose browsing.
Role of Moose and Deer Browsing in Unharvested Forests of Southern New England since 2011
In the past 25 years, moose have spread south from Vermont and New Hampshire and recolonized their pre-historical range limit in southern New England from which they had been extirpated almost 200 years earlier. Intensive moose browsing in the boreal forest has caused declines in forest density and shifts in species composition in some areas, generating considerable interest and concern among foresters, wildlife managers, and ecologists as to how moose along with white-tailed deer will impact forest regeneration, composition, and diversity in this region. Harvard Forest in collaboration with researchers at the USGS Massachusetts Cooperative Research Unit has initiated a long-term study of the role of moose and deer in SNE forests using experimental exclosures. The design is a randomized block with 3 factors -- full exclosure, partial exclosure, and control plot. Full exclosures exclude both moose and deer but allow access to small mammals such as mice, squirrels, and rabbits. Partial exclosures have a 60cm opening around the bottom perimeter of the fence, which excludes moose but allows access to deer and other small and medium-sized animals. The design enables us to quantify forest composition and structure in areas (1) exposed to moose and deer browsing, (2) protected from moose and deer browsing, and (3) exposed to deer browsing but protected from moose browsing.
Ungulate Browsing and Foundation Tree Regeneration in Central New England 2010
Large herbivores are important forest disturbances capable of altering community composition, biodiversity, tree density, successional pathways, and nutrient cycling. The extent to which browsers exert important impacts on forests, however, depends on the intensity and duration of browsing, the palatability and tolerance of the vegetation, available resources to plants, and the scale at which these factors are being investigated. Few studies have examined ungulate impacts at the landscape scale. Since the late-1980s moose have recolonized their pre-historical range in southern New England, joined white-tailed deer to create a potentially important new driver of forest dynamics in the region. Few, if any, studies have looked at combined deer and moose impacts on temperate forests in eastern North America. In the summer of 2010, we initiated a landscape-scale observational study on ungulate habitat use and browsing on foundation tree species (Quercus spp. and Tsuga canadensis) in unlogged forests. Seventy-two forest plots were sampled across several ecoregions in central and western Massachusetts, southern Vermont and New Hampshire and northern Connecticut. Tree seedlings, overstory characteristics, browsing, pellet piles, and shrub densities were sampled; and site attributes such as mean annual temperature and forest fragmentation were examined.
FWE01 Effects of browsing and fire on woody encroachment at Konza Prairie
Woody encroachment into grasslands, savannas, and steppes have become a management and conservation concern worldwide because of the ability of woody plants to change ecosystems through decreases in biodiversity, alterations in water and nutrient cycles as well as decreases in forage production and quality. In grasslands, woody encroachment can be categorized into two groups: non-resprouting species that can be killed with fire and resprouting species that cannot be killed with fire. Resprouting species require additional active management strategies to remove them from encroached grasslands. In this study we investigate physiological, population and community effects of continuous browsing and fire on Cornus drummondii, a resprouting woody species. Through monitoring the shrub’s physiology, population and the surrounding plant community composition within these treatments we hope to understand how to best prescribe restoration methods for restoring the tallgrass prairie.
SDR01 Intra-clonal stem demography of Cornus drummondii in response to fire and browsing at Konza Prairie
Intra-clonal stem density, natality, mortality, flowering and relative growth rate within discrete Cornus drummondii shrubs in response to fire frequency (4- vs 20-yr burn intervals) and simulated browsing. Tagged stems within individual shrubs were tracked and measured at the beginning and end of each growing season in 2018 and 2019 to assess the interactions of fire and browsing on stem demography.
Sentinel-1 InSAR Browse Service Image of the October 2016 Central Italian Earthquakes
<p>The surface deformation caused by the central Italian earthquakes which occured in October 2016 is captured in this terrain corrected interferogram produced by the Sentinel-1 InSAR Browse Service for the Geohazards Exploitation Platform.</p> <p>Two earthquakes occured on 26<sup>th</sup> October and one on 30<sup>th</sup> October. The Sentinel-1 datasets were acquired on 26-10-2016 for the master and 01-11-2016 for the slave from a descending pass so that the line of sight deformation is viewed from the east.</p> <p>Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2016), processed by DLR/ESA/Terradue.</p>
Sentinel-1 InSAR Browse Service Image of the October 2016 Central Italian Earthquakes
<p>The surface deformation caused by the central Italian earthquakes which occured in October 2016 is captured in this terrain corrected interferogram produced by the Sentinel-1 InSAR Browse Service for the Geohazards Exploitation Platform.</p> <p>Two earthquakes occured on 26<sup>th</sup> October and one on 30<sup>th</sup> October. The Sentinel-1 datasets were acquired on 26-10-2016 for the master and 01-11-2016 for the slave from a descending pass so that the line of sight deformation is viewed from the east.</p> <p>Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2016), processed by DLR/ESA/Terradue.</p>
Dataset from : Browsing is a strong filter for savanna tree seedlings in their first growing season
<p>1: Newly germinated seedlings are vulnerable to biomass removal but usually have at least six months to grow before they are exposed to dry-season fires, a major disturbance in savannas. In contrast, plants are exposed to browsers from the time they germinate, making browsing potentially a very powerful bottleneck for establishing seedlings. 2: Here we assess the resilience of seedlings of 10 savanna tree species to top-kill during the first 6 months of growth. Newly-germinated seeds from four dominant African genera from across the rainfall gradient were planted in a common garden experiment at the Wits Rural Facility and clipped at 1 cm when they were ~2, 3, 4, and 5 months old. Survival, growth, and key plant traits were monitored for the following 2.5 years. 3: Seedlings from environments with high herbivory pressure survived top-kill at a younger age than those from low-herbivore environments, and more palatable genera had higher herbivore-tolerance. Most individuals that survived were able to recover lost biomass within 12 months, but the clipping treatment affected root mass fraction and branching patterns. 4: Synthesis: The impact of early browsing as a demographic bottleneck can be predicted by integrating information on the probability of being browsed and the probability of surviving a browse event. Establishment limitation through early-browsing is an under-recognised constraint on savanna tree species distributions. Data may be used without requesting permission after the the publication of the paper</p>
White Spruce Seedling Demography and Browsing by Snowshoe Hares Inside and Outside the Moose-spruce Exclosures located along the Tanana River
This study started in September 2002 focused on the indirect effect of moose browsing on white spruce regeneration on the Tanana River floodplain. Twelve exclosures (7m X 10m, 2m high), with adjacent control plots of the same size, were constructed using chain-link fence panels. Exclosures were located along the Tanana River between FP 1A and FP 1C and instrumented with Hobo Microstations for monitoring of soil and air temperature, relative humidity, and PAR. Browsing effects on deciduous vegetation (biomass removal and canopy height) and soil properties were analyzed in relation to the performance (germination, growth and biochemistry) of planted white spruce seeds and seedlings (n=98/exclosure). Additionally, direct browsing by snowshoe hares on spruce seedlings (growth and survival) was evaluated in relation to canopy cover and terrace age. The study is ongoing. White spruce seedling height, basal diameter, browsing history, and survival were measured inside and outside the ten remaining paired exclosure and control plots located along the Tanana River floodplain in the summer of 2014.
White spruce seedling demography and browsing by snowshoe hares inside and outside the large herbivore exclosures located along the Tanana River, summer 2014
White spruce seedling height, age, basal diameter, browsing history, and density were measured inside and outside the seven remaining paired exclosure and control plots located along the Tanana River floodplain in the summer of 2014.
White spruce seedling demography and browsing by snowshoe hares was measured at 12 locations along the Tanana River, summer 2014
Herbivores have the capacity to modify plant community composition and ecosystem structure and function via browsing. For example, moose and snowshoe hare facilitate succession in Alaska's boreal forest by preferentially browsing early successional species over late successional conifers. Snowshoe hares also eat conifers, including white spruce, and this browsing may affect the pattern of spruce establishment over time. We measured over 800 spruce at 18 locations along the Tanana River floodplain in interior Alaska, USA and demonstrated that the proportion of spruce browsed annually positively correlates with annual hare abundance.
Figure 34 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)
Figure 34. Flesh reconstruction of the Ham 3 Anoplotherium latipes specimen in bipedal stance, based on the skeletal reconstruction in Figure 31. Scale bar = 100 mm.
Figure 32 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)
Figure 32. Reconstruction of the Ham 3 A. latipes skeleton in bipedal stance, supplemented as in Figure 30. Forelimb supinated. Neck at normal articulatory position. Scale bar = 100 mm.
Figure 28 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)
Figure 28. Graph of moments of resistence (bh2) of vertebral centra of the Ham 3 skeleton, calculated after Slijper (1946), i.e. maximum breadth × height2 in millimetres of posterior articular surface.
Figure 30 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)
Figure 30. Scatter diagram of medial length versus distal width in millimetres of astragali of Anoplotherium laurillardi from La Débruge and of A. commune and A. latipes (undifferentiated) from La Débruge (Z), Montmartre (Ɨ), Quercy (O) and sites in the Isle of Wight in the Osborne (O) and lower Hamstead (Δ) members.
Figure 25 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)
Figure 25. Anoplotherium commune, Gypse, Montmartre. Right cuneiform and unciform (BMNH.M2212) in proximopostero-medial view, shown articulated during supination (A) and pronation (B). Scale bar = 10 mm.
Figure 26 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)
Figure 26. Anoplotherium latipes, Mormoiron. Pelvis in dorsal view, redrawn from Roman (1922: pl. 3, fig. 2). Scale bar = 100 mm.
Figure 24 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)
Figure 24. Anoplotherium commune, Gypse, Montmartre. A, B, right associated unciform (A) and cuneiform (B) (BMNH.M2212). C–E, right associated cuboid (D), navicular and ectocuneiform (E), metatarsal III (C, E) and metatarsal IV (C, D) (BMNH.M2221). Views are proximal (A, C), distal (B), lateral (D) and medial (E). Coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bars = 50 mm, the larger for A–B, the smaller for C–E.
Figure 27. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)
Figure 27. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 skeleton. Reconstruction of left leg in anterior view, with knee bent in probable normal standing position, showing distally splayed tibia. Scale bar = 100 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.