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349 results for “buffer”
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Farmerfish gardens help buffer stony corals against marine heat waves, data for Honeycutt et al., PLOS One 2023
These data were generated in support of the manuscript: Honeycutt RC, Holbrook SJ, Brooks, AJ, and RJ Schmitt, PLOS One In Moorea, French Polynesia, we evaluated the response and fate of stony coral following a major thermal stress event in 2019 that caused a substantial amount of branching coral (dominantly Pocillopora) to bleach and die. We investigated whether Pocillopora colonies that occurred within territorial gardens protected by the farmerfish Stegastes nigricans were less susceptible to or survived bleaching better than Pocillopora on adjacent, undefended substrate. Bleaching prevalence and severity, which were quantified for >1,100 colonies shortly after they bleached, did not differ between colonies within or outside of defended gardens. By contrast, 399 focal colonies followed for one year revealed that a bleached coral within a garden was a third less likely to suffer complete colony death and, for survivors, about twice as likely to recover to its pre-bleaching cover of living tissue compared to Pocillopora outside of a farmerfish garden. Our findings indicate that while residing in a farmerfish garden may not reduce the bleaching susceptibility of a coral during thermal stress, it does help buffer a bleached coral against severe outcomes. This oasis effect of farmerfish gardens, where survival and recovery of thermally-damaged corals are enhanced, is another mechanism that helps explain why large Pocillopora colonies are far more abundant in farmerfish territories than elsewhere in the lagoons of Moorea, despite gardens being much less common. As such, farmerfish may have a growing role in maintaining the resilience of branching corals as the frequency and intensity of marine heat waves continue to increase. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued
Dataset of Social buffering switches fear to safety encoding by oxytocin recruitment of central amygdala buffer neurons
<p>Dataset of <span>Hegoburu et al., Social buffering switches fear to safety encoding by oxytocin recruitment of central amygdala buffer neurons, Nature Communications.</span></p> <p><span>ABSTRACT</span></p> <p><span>The presence of a companion can reduce fear, but the precise neural mechanisms underlying this social buffering of fear (SBF) are incompletely known. We studied SBF in male and female rats, and its encoding in the amygdala of males, that were fear-conditioned (FC) to auditory conditioned stimuli (CS). Pharmacological, opto,- and/or chemogenetic interventions showed that oxytocin (OT) signaling from hypothalamus-to-central amygdala (CeA) projections was required for acute fear reduction in the presence, and SBF retention 24h later without the companion. Single-unit recordings with optetrodes revealed fear-encoding CeA neurons (characterized by increased CS-responses after FC) were inhibited by SBF and blue light (BL) stimulation of OTergic projections. Other CeA neurons increased CS responses only after SBF exposure. Their baseline activity was enhanced by BL and exposure to the companion. SBF thus switches the CS from encoding "fear" to "safety" by OT-mediated recruitment of a distinct group of CeA "buffer neurons".</span></p> <p> </p>
Forest composition and diversity buffer microclimates and enhance productivity
The Forest and Biodiversity (FAB2) experiment uses native tree species in varying levels of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity planted in 100 m2 and 400 m2 plots at 1 m spacing, appropriate for testing long-term ecosystem consequences. FAB2 was designed and established in conjunction with a prior experiment (FAB1) in which the same set of twelve species was planted in 16 m2 plots at 0.5 m spacing. Both are adjacent to the BioDIV prairie-grassland diversity experiment, enabling comparative investigations of diversity and ecosystem function relationships between experimental grasslands and forests at different planting densities and plot sizes. This data package examines mortality in the first six years of the experiment. This data package examines the relationships between forest biodiversity, forest structure, microclimates, leaf-level physiology, and tree growth. A wide variety of data types are included, such as metrics of tree diversity, UAV-LiDAR metrics, spectral indices, microclimate data, gas exchange measurements, and tree growth inventories. This data package is included in the submission of the manuscript entitled “Forest composition and diversity buffer microclimates and enhance productivity.”
Code and data for Mire microclimate: groundwater buffers temperature in waterlogged versus dry soils.
<p>Version of record of the manuscript's code and data, as accepted by the International Journal of Climatology.</p>
Numerical simulations of AZO/ZnGeO/Cu2O solar cells: Impact of the germanium composition of the buffer layer and the use of low cost fabrication on the photovoltaic performances
<p>The dataset contains the results of the numerical simulations of AZO/ZnGeO/Cu2O solar cell models.</p> <p>The physical parameters of the model are chosen with special care to match literature experimental measurements or are interpolated using the values from binary metal oxides in the case of the new ZnGeO compound. The solar cell structure includes an interface and a defective layer at the ZnGeO/Cu2O heterojunction.</p> <p>The AZO/ZnGeO/Cu2O model results reproduce the photovoltaic characteristics of experimental devices presented by Minami et al. (Applied Physics Express 9, 052301 (2016) DOI:10.7567/APEX.9.052301)</p> <p>The dataset also includes results using models with different germanium compositions for the ZnGeO buffer layer.</p> <p>Other solar cell simulation results are presented to model the impact of low cost fabrication processes, such as spray pyrolysis, by varying the thickness, doping concentration, carrier mobilities and defect concentration of the Cu2O absorber layer as well as the germanium composition of the buffer layer.</p>
ADDRESSING TAX COMPLIANCE ISSUES FOR LOAN-BASED PAYMENT TYPES: DEVELOPMENT OF THE TAX BUFFER MECHANISM AND ITS USE IN THE FINTECH INDUSTRY
<p>In the modern world of the fintech industry, tax changes are one of the key problems, especially with fixed loans. This study examines the Tax Buffer mechanism, designed to effectively manage tax obligations that vary depending on the jurisdiction and stages of delivery of goods. The main task of the mechanism is to automatically recalculate taxes to minimize the risk of errors and reduce the burden on the accounting and legal departments of the company. The implementation of this solution allows you to reduce the number of manual operations, reduce transaction costs and improve the customer experience by eliminating the need to notify users of every change in the amount of taxes. The results of the implementation of the mechanism have shown its high efficiency: a significant reduction in the number of errors and financial disputes, as well as an increase in operational efficiency. The Tax Buffer mechanism is an important innovation that helps to increase the resilience of fintech companies to changes in tax legislation.</p>
Raw Data for "Vanadium incorporation in ferrite nanoparticles serves as electron buffer and anisotropy tuner in catalytic and hyperthermia applications"
<p>Raw data for VxFe2-XO4 magnetic nanoparticles: characterization,magnetic hyperthermia experiments in polyacrylamide gels and EPR reactive oxygen species quantification after exposure to H2O2.</p>
An optimized buffer for repeatable Multicolor STORM Raw Data
<p>Raw microcopy data used to generate the figures in the paper "An optimized buffer for repeatable Multicolor STORM"</p> <p>Camera: Orca Fusion binning 2x2 readout speed 1</p> <p>Objective 100x/1.3 (Olympus) -> Effective pixel size 130x130 nm</p> <p>Expected Conversion factor according to spec sheet: 0.21 electrons/count</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Little Tennessee River Riparian Buffer change GIS data: 1998 - 2015
Using high resolution orthoimagery, riparian conditions between 1998 and 2015 were mapped and quantified in the rural upper Little Tennessee River basin in Macon County, North Carolina. Low elevation valley streams in residential areas were targeted, excluding stream segments on U.S. Forest Service (USFS) lands. Impoundments and streams within existing urban centers were also excluded from GIS analysis. Tributary streams were included if they were National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) mapped streams and if they met the study criteria, i.e. low-elevation residential valley streams outside existing urban areas and USFS lands. Due to the size of the watershed and time constraints, only the mainstem Little Tennessee and a portion of its tributary streams could be mapped. A total of 658 km (including both banks) of streams in the study area were mapped and classified. All classifications were made by one interpreter between June 2018 and August 2018. The GIS files are are in .zip archives labeled by imagery year (1998 and 2015). The 1998 GIS files are mislabeled '1999' which was corrected during analysis using R. The code used for analysis is provided in R markdown files.
Effects of drying temperature on potential carbon mineralization and water-extractable organic carbon in Iowa cropland and riparian buffer soils
Measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) produced after re-wetting a previously dried soil is an increasingly popular soil health assay, but there is disagreement on the optimal soil drying temperature. We tested whether soil drying temperature impacts water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC) and soil CO2 emissions (potential carbon mineralization) following rewetting of dried soil. Samples were collected at four sites in north-central Iowa, US, and each site had soils planted to corn/soybean or perennial vegetation. The dataset includes measurements of WEOC prior to the incubation experiment, and measurements of CO2 flux and its stable carbon isotope ratio over the course of a 28-day incubation. The manuscript describing these data is under review in Geoderma.
Data from: A new trophic specialization buffers a top predator against climate-driven resource instability
<p>Intraspecific phenotypic variability is key to respond to environmental changes and anomalies. However, documenting the emergence of behavioral diversification in natural populations has remained elusive due to the difficulty of observing such phenomenon at the right time and place. Here, we investigated how the emergence of a new trophic strategy in a population subjected to high fluctuations in the availability of its main trophic resource (migrating songbirds) affected the breeding performance, population structure, and population fitness of a specialized color polymorphic predator, the Eleonora's falcon from the Canary Islands. Using long-term data (2007-2022), we found that the exploitation of an alternative prey (a local petrel species) was associated with the growth of a previously residual falcon colony. Pairs in this colony laid earlier and raised more fledglings than in the other established colonies. The specialization on petreles increased over time, independently of annual fluctuations in prey availability. Importantly, however, the positive effect of petrel consumption on productivity was stronger in years with lower food availability. This trophic diversification was further associated with the genetically-determined color morph, with dark individuals preying more frequently on petreles than pale ones, which might promote the long-term maintenance of genotypic and phenotypic diversity. We empirically demonstrate how the emergence of an alternative trophic strategy can buffer populations against harsh environmental fluctuations by stabilizing their productivity.</p>
Hemoglobin as oxygen-dependent glutathione buffer
<p>This dataset is associated with the pre-print "Hemoglobin as oxygen-dependent glutathione buffer" DOI 10.5281/zenodo.5817228 </p>
Riparian buffers maintain aquatic trophic structure in agricultural landscapes
<p>Supporting data and R code for the publication entitled "Riparian buffers maintain aquatic trophic structure in agricultural landscapes".</p> <p> </p>
California's forest carbon offset buffer pool is severely undercapitalized
<p>A copy of the input, intermediate, and final output data files underlying the analysis and figures of Badgley et al., "California’s forest carbon offset buffer pool is severely undercapitalized."</p>
Data from: Soil mesofauna may buffer the negative effects of drought on alien plant invasion
<p>Although many studies have tested the direct effects of drought on alien plant invasion, less is known about whether drought affects alien plant invasion indirectly via interactions of plants with other groups of organisms such as soil mesofauna.</p> <p>To test for such indirect effects, we grew single plants of nine naturalized alien target species in pot-mesocosms with a community of five native grassland species under four combinations of two drought (well-watered vs drought) and two soil-mesofauna-inoculation (with vs without) treatments.</p> <p>We found that drought decreased the absolute and the relative biomass production of the alien plants, and thus reduced their competitive strength in the native community. Drought also decreased the abundance of soil mesofauna, particularly soil mites, but did not affect the abundance and richness of soil herbivores. Soil-fauna inoculation did not affect biomass of the alien plants but increased biomass of the native plant community, and thereby decreased the relative biomass production of the alien plants. This increased invasion resistance due to soil fauna, however, tended (p = 0.09) to be stronger for plants growing under well-watered conditions than under drought.</p> <p>Synthesis. Our multispecies experiment thus shows that soil fauna might help native communities to resist alien plant invasions, but that this effect might be weakened under drought. In other words, soil mesofauna may buffer the negative effects of drought on alien plant invasions.</p>
Riparian buffers provide refugia during secondary forest succession
<p>Aim Secondary forests regenerating from human disturbance are increasingly becoming a predominant forest type in many regions, and they play a significant role in forest community dynamics. Understanding the factors that underlie the variation in species responses during secondary succession is important for understanding community assembly and biodiversity monitoring and management. Because species vary in ecology and behavior, responses to ecosystem change should vary among species. Here, we show that habitat type (riparian, upland), phylogeny, and species traits mediate anuran and lizard probability of occurrence and species richness in pasture and secondary forest. Location Sarapiquí and Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. Methods We used phylogenetic occupancy models to estimate assemblage-level and species-specific responses to forest succession in 30 chronosequence sites that include pasture, secondary forest regenerating from pasture, and mature forest sites. Results For the majority of species, we found increasing probability of occurrence in upland habitats as forest regenerated from pasture to secondary forest and similar probability of occurrence in riparian habitats across pasture, secondary forest, and mature forest sites. Species' responses to forest stage were phylogenetically correlated, and the trend was especially strong for anuran response to pasture sites. Anurans with lotic larval habitat had a positive occupancy response to pasture upland habitat and anurans with lentic larval habitat had a variable response to different forest stages compared to mature forest.</p>
Data from: Functional diversity buffers the effects of a pulse perturbation on the dynamics of tritrophic food webs
<p>Biodiversity decline causes a loss of functional diversity, which threatens ecosystems through a dangerous feedback loop: this loss may hamper ecosystems' ability to buffer environmental changes, leading to further biodiversity losses. In this context, the increasing frequency of human-induced excessive loading of nutrients causes major problems in aquatic systems. Previous studies investigating how functional diversity influences the response of food webs to disturbances have mainly considered systems with at most two functionally diverse trophic levels. We investigated the effects of functional diversity on the robustness, i.e. resistance, resilience and elasticity, using a tritrophic ---and thus more realistic---plankton food web model. We compared a non-adaptive food chain with no diversity within the individual trophic levels to a more diverse food web with three adaptive trophic levels. The species fitness differences were balanced through trade-offs between defense/growth rate for prey and selectivity/half-saturation constant for predators. We showed that the resistance, resilience and elasticity of tritrophic food webs decreased with larger perturbation sizes and depended on the state of the system when the perturbation occurred. Importantly, we found that a more diverse food web was generally more resistant and resilient but its elasticity was context-dependent. Particularly, functional diversity reduced the probability of a regime shift towards a non-desirable alternative state. The basal-intermediate interaction consistently determined the robustness against a nutrient pulse despite the complex influence of the shape and type of the dynamical attractors. This relationship was strongly influenced by the diversity present and the third trophic level. Overall, using a food web model of realistic complexity, this study confirms the destructive potential of the positive feedback loop between biodiversity loss and robustness, by uncovering mechanisms leading to a decrease in resistance, resilience and potentially elasticity as functional diversity declines.</p>
Data presented in "A buffer gas beam source for short, intense and slow molecular pulses"
<p>Data presented in our paper "A buffer gas beam source for short, intense and slow molecular pulses". The files give the data shown in figures 4 and 5 of the paper.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Southern Africa's Great Escarpment as an amphitheater of climate-driven diversification and a buffer against future climate change in bats
FIGURE 2 Distributions (left), maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees (middle), principal component analysis (PCA) ordination plots from cranial measurements, photographs or drawings of the baculum and sonograms of echolocation calls (right) of selected groups of paramontane southern African bats having ranges categorized as arid (red symbols), Mediterranean (turquoise symbols), temperate-montane (blue), savanna-montane (orange), and tropical rain forest (green; see Table S1 for classification): horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus) of the R. capensis (a), R. darlingi (b), R. ferrumequinum (c), R. fumigatus (d) groups, wing-gland bats (Family Cistugidae, genus Cistugo (e), and long-eared serotine bats of the genus Laephotis (f)). Distribution maps were based on IUCN Redlist maps (open polygons), correctly identified vouchers from molecular studies (colored symbols; this study; GenBank; Curran et al., 2022; Demos et al., 2019; Dool et al., 2016; Taylor et al., 2018) and skulls measured in this study (crosses). In a few cases (see legends), GBIF records were indicated for the Angolan range of species. Gray shading indicates elevations over 1200 m a.s.l. Phylogenetic trees are shown for sub-clades (i.e., excluding outgroups) of three separate ML analyses undertaken with IQTREE of Rhinolophus, Cistugo, and Laephotis (Figures S2–S4). Values above nodes (in bold) represent median dates obtained for corresponding nodes from separate BEAST analyses in Figures S5–S7 (see text for details). Node support values for ML trees, obtained by the IQTREE program, are given below the nodes for SH-like approximate likelihood ratio tests (SH-aLRT), aBayes posterior probabilities, and ultra-fast bootstrap values (UFBS) respectively (see text for details). Tip labels marked in bold represent new sequences from this study. Underlined tip labels represent two instances of mtDNA introgression where morphologically distinct taxa from different biomes have near-identical cyt-b sequences. Species ranges of echolocation call peak frequencies were obtained from the literature for Rhinolophidae (Adams & Kwiecinski, 2018; Curran et al., 2022; Jacobs et al., 2013; Jacobs et al., 2017; Laverty & Berger, 2020; Monadjem et al., 2020; Mutumi et al., 2016; Odendaal & Jacobs, 2011; Odendaal et al., 2014; Schoeman & Jacobs, 2008), Cistugo (Monadjem et al., 2020; Schoeman & Jacobs, 2003, 2008), and long-eared Laephotis (Adams & Kwiecinski, 2018; Jacobs et al., 2005; Monadjem et al., 2020; Pierce et al., 2011). Bacula photographs and drawings were obtained from this study as well as Benda and Vallo (2012), Taylor et al. (2018), Curran et al. (2022). Abbreviation of South African province names: EC, Eastern Cape; FS, Free State; GP, Gauteng; KZN, KwaZulu-Natal; LP, Limpopo; MP, Mpumalanga; NC, Northern Cape; WC, Western Cape. Map lines delineate study areas and do not necessarily depict accepted national boundaries.
FIGURE 1 in Southern Africa's Great Escarpment as an amphitheater of climate-driven diversification and a buffer against future climate change in bats
FIGURE 1 Maps of southern, central, and eastern Africa showing (a) topographical features referred to in this study (see text for details), and (b) the extent of minimum monthly temperatures (bioclim6) <0°C from present and past (last glacial maximum [LGM]) models (from Worldclim; https://www.worldclim.com/; see Methods for more details). Gray or darker shading in both maps indicates mountains>1200 m in elevation. In (a), the acronym HEAN stands for the Highlands and Escarpments of Angola and Namibia (Mendelsohn et al., 2023); SEAMA stands for the South-East African Montane Archipelago (Bayliss et al., 2024); LMEE stands for the Limpopo–Mpumalanga– Eswatini Escarpment (Clark et al., 2022). The map in (b) shows distribution points of horseshoe bats, Rhinolophus (crosses), wing-gland bats, Cistugo (open triangles) and long-eared bats, Laephotis (open squares) based on morphological and molecular results from this study and from published a GenBank cyt-b sequences. In (b), minimum monthly temperatures <0°C indicated for the present (blue) and LGM (red), approximating the extent of frost (and hence temperate grasslands) currently and during the LGM (idea from Brain, 1985). Map lines delineate study areas and do not necessarily depict accepted national boundaries.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.