Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

Optimised household consumption profiles through a smart building energy mangement system TABEDE

In the context of the TABEDE project (<a href="https://www.tabede.eu/">https://www.tabede.eu/</a>) several synthetic profiles simulating the consumption and generation of residential buildings, whose appliances were controlled by our proposed Energy Management System (i.e., the TABEDE solution), were simulated. Their construction process was characterised by the following: <ul> <li>Consumption profiles were generated via a bottom-up approach capable of emulating the consumption of individual household appliances. These last ones correspond to the most used appliances in the UK, which were randomly distributed among the buildings based on their average utilisation rate and ownership observed in residential buildings in the country.</li> <li>The physics in terms of heat exchange between neighbouring buildings and the environment were considered, together with the size of the buildings and their physical characteristics. A total of 66 houses and apartments, according to 8 type or building archetypes were created.</li> <li>PV generation profiles were generated according to the meteorological condition of the simulated day.</li> </ul> Together with this, the profiles feature how the TABEDE solution optimised the flexible part of the consumption (i.e., appliances that were controllable by the solution and whose consumption could be shifted in time without sacrificing user comfort) to minimize the electricity bill of the buildings. The information contained in the actual database features the following variables: <ul> <li>TABEDE penetration: percentage of buildings owning the TABEDE solution. Buildings with TABEDE will observe their flexible consumption being optimised.</li> <li>PV penetration: percentage of buildings with a PV system installed on them.</li> <li>Simulation day: one day in summer (19/06/2019) featuring the highest solar radiation of the year, and a day in winter (19/12/2019) with the lowest.</li> <li>Batteries: whether the PV systems is installed alongside household batteries.</li> </ul> Details on the formulation can be found in: <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.energy-proceedings.org/an-intelligent-infrastructure-for-enabling-demand-response-ready-buildings/__;!!La4veWw!khYBEaeJY85mX5yQUrp0PwoXcg5U10dEdgZ296hONYGyBS5xg91Z8MoDUQy34a4f9Lo$">https://www.energy-proceedings.org/an-intelligent-infrastructure-for-enabling-demand-response-ready-buildings/</a>

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Dataset of EnergyPlus models to evaluate the impact of modeling the hysteresis phenomenon of phase change materials on the building energy performance

This dataset is the research data generated to evaluate the impact of modeling the hysteresis phenomenon of phase change materials (PCM) on the building performance simulation, which includes: -  A series of EnergyPlus models representing the medium office of the Prototype Building Models developed by DOE. These are the original model without PCM (Baseline), and four models with different PCM modeling approaches (melting-curve, solidification-curve, mean-curve, hysteresis-model). - The typical meteorological year (TMY) for Frankfurt city that was used to obtain the results, which is freely provided by Climate.One.Building.Org repository (https://climate.onebuilding.org/).

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Dataset of multi-objective optimization results for a new latent energy storage approach in buildings based on several phase change materials with different melting temperatures

This dataset comprises the multi-objective optimization results obtained for a new latent energy storage approach based on several phase change materials (PCMs) with different melting temperatures in buildings. The results were obtained for a small office building in eight climate-representative locations according to the ASHRAE 169-2020 climate classification and within the WMO Region VI (Europe). The dataset contains: - The EnergyPlus baseline models employed as a case study for each climate. - The Pareto fronts obtained after the multi-objective optimization in each climate. - The EnergyPlus models for the best designs achieved on the Pareto fronts in terms of annual total load reductions.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Demonstration Cases - Simulation data of energy consumption of residential building typologies

The dataset is about the energy analysis for retrofit strategies of 5 building typologies and the EDEA project located in 3 climates zones in Europe: South (Madrid), Central (Berlin) and North (Helsinki). The dataset includes: (1) Open Document Spreadsheet (.ods) file with the results of Heating Consumption (kWh/m2·year) and Cooling Consumption (kWh/m2·year) for the five buildings, in three locations and for several scenarios: - Locating external new insulation in walls and roof. - Replacing Windows. - Combination strategies: locating new insulation layers and replacing the existing windows. - Installing solar protection devices.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Dataset of IoT-Based Energy and Environmental Parameters in a Smart Building Infrastructure

This dataset includes detailed measurements from IoT sensors deployed throughout the M5 building, capturing energy consumption from various devices like coffee machines, microwaves, etc., as well as environmental data such as temperature, humidity, and occupancy in key areas like the Interdisciplinary lab, kitchen, and mailroom. This release aims to provide researchers and practitioners with comprehensive data to facilitate research on energy efficiency and environmental monitoring within smart building infrastructures. The data are structured to support various types of analysis, from operational efficiency assessments to environmental impact studies. For detailed information on the dataset's structure and usage, please refer to the README.md file included in this repository.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

Energy and cost calculations for retrofitting packages based on Tabula building archetypes in the Netherlands

<div> <div> <div> <div> The dataset contains detailed energy and cost calculations for various retrofitting packages applied to different Tabula building archetypes in the Netherlands. The energy balance calculations are structured by building type and age categories, such as DH (detached house) and SD (semi-detached house) from different time periods (e.g., 1965-1974). The sheets include calculations of existing building performance, proposed retrofit scenarios, and associated energy savings. Cost breakdowns are provided for each retrofit option, detailing specific construction costs, taxes, and subsidies available for each scenario. This comprehensive dataset integrates both the technical (energy savings and U-values) and financial (costs and subsidies) aspects of retrofitting to provide a holistic view of retrofitting strategies in the Netherlands. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div> <div> </div> </div> </div>

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Energy consumption data from an office building, waterpark and warehouse in Slovenia and energy production data from a PV Plan (900KW)

The first dataset included 9-month hourly energy data from a  waterpark, a warehouse and high-rise office buildings. The second dataset includes 10-year hourly energy production data from a PV plant (900KW). Both datasets refer to Ljubljana, Slovenia.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

TOM.D: Taking Advantage of Microclimate Data for Urban Building Energy Modeling

Data required to rebuild the study: "TOM.D: Taking Advantage of Microclimate Data for Urban Building Energy Modeling". In this dataset of New York City, one can find building footprints, monthly energy consumption data for each of these buildings, and matching / cleaned microclimate data from a variety of data sources which are referenced in the work. Among them, thermal infrared measurements may be found, climate models from NOAA and ERA5 may be found, and preprocessed vision systems from Google are used.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Low-energy Museum Storage Buildings: Climate, Energy Consumption and Air Quality. Data Set for Final Data Report

The 43 txt-files included in this dataset relate to the report: Ryhl-Svendsen, Jensen, Bøhm, and Klenz Larsen (2012): Low-energy Museum Storage Buildings: Climate, Energy Consumption and Air Quality. UMTS Research Project 2007–2011: Final Data Report, Kgs. Lyngby: National Museum of Denmark, 122 pp. The document <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/145584b0-46b5-4341-8b02-7dfea90fa97c/00_List-of-data-files.pdf?versionId=a3e9691f-6e73-4a7b-aaab-c8ccee7c419b">00_List-of-data-files.pdf</a> contain a full list of the data files with a description of their structure and content, and is the key to how the individual data files relate to the report.  The research project focussed on four modern museum storage facilities in Denmark, for which the indoor climate, air quality, and the energy consumption of the climate control systems was measured at several locations, typically for a period of between two and four years. The storage facilities were Museum of Southwest Jutland’s storage building in Ribe (‘Ribe’), The Shared Storage Facility at The Centre for Preservation of Cultural Heritage in Vejle (‘Vejle’), The Joint Storage Facility for museums in East Jutland/ Museum Østjylland (‘Randers’), and from The National Museum of Denmark the storage building Hall P at the Ørholm Storage Facility (‘Ørholm’). For description of the sites, monitoring campaigns, and graphed data, the report should be consulted. For completeness, the report is included with the dataset (<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/145584b0-46b5-4341-8b02-7dfea90fa97c/Report_low-energy-museum-storage-buildings.pdf?versionId=44097d39-775b-4031-9e07-6978c68912a9">Report_low-energy-museum-storage-buildings.pdf</a>).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Variation of texture anisotropy and hardness with build parameters and wall height in directed-energy-deposited 316L steel

Raw data associated with a paper submission. " Variation of texture anisotropy and hardness with build parameters and wall height in directed-energy-deposited 316L steel" submitted to Additive Manufacturing. Contained are all the raw images used in figures, as well as csv's of any data pltoted in graphs. Raw images captured during printing of various processing parameters EBSD scans (.ctf) of all disucssed samples  Wall definitions (EBSD compared to paper) Wall 1 - Wall A1    300 W    2750 mm/s Wall 2 - Wall D        500 W    2250 mm/s Wall 3 - Wall B        300 W    2250 mm/s Wall 4 - Wall C        500 W    2750 mm/s Wall 5 - Wall A2    300 W    2750 mm/s

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Scout Benchmark Scenarios for U.S. Building Energy and CO2 Emissions to 2050

Overview and Intended Use Cases These scenarios establish a range of futures for U.S. buildings sector energy use and CO2 emissions to 2050 using <a href="https://scout-bto.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">Scout</a>, a reproducible and granular model of U.S. building energy use, emissions, and consumer costs developed by the U.S. national labs for the U.S. Department of Energy's Building Technologies Office (BTO). Scout benchmark scenario data are suitable for the following example use cases: <ul> <li>Setting high-level policy goals for U.S. buildings sector energy use, electricity demand, and CO2 emissions over both the near- and long-term (e.g., X% building CO2 emissions reductions vs. 2005 levels by 2030, Y% reductions vs. 2005 levels by 2050);</li> <li>Exploring the effects of key deployment dynamics driving U.S. buildings sector energy and CO2 emissions to 2050 that could be affected by policy levers (e.g., raising minimum technology performance levels; improving market penetration of commercially available technologies; accelerating electrification and/or retrofit rates; introducing breakthrough technologies to the market);</li> <li>Determining priority segments (regions, building types, and end use/technology types) and sequencing of U.S. buildings sector energy and CO2 emissions reductions and/or changes in total consumption by fuel type to 2050 under a given set of assumptions;</li> <li>Identifying the energy and CO2 impacts or cost effectiveness of specific technologies or operational approaches of interest—in isolation or after considering competition with other measures in a scenario portfolio; and/or</li> <li>Exploring the total cost of deploying different portfolios of building energy efficiency and end-use electrification measures, as well as the total consumer energy cost savings potential of those portfolios.           </li> </ul> Scenario Summary A total of 5 scenarios explore total building energy use, CO2 emissions, and technology and energy costs from 2024–2050 under varying levels of demand-side deployment of building efficiency and electrification measures and parallel decarbonization of buildings’ electricity supply. Narrative descriptions of these scenarios are as follows: <ul> <li>Stated Policies: Existing policies and regulations (mainly IRA for buildings) lead to modestly accelerated deployment of HPs/HPWHs but not other efficiency measures in the buildings sector. The power sector decarbonizes consistent with a “<a href="https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/84916.pdf">Mid-case (with tax credit phaseout)</a>” scenario.</li> <li>Mid: Policy makers rely mostly on market-based instruments to moderately increase deployment of efficient technology and fuel switching to heat pumps. The power sector decarbonizes consistent with a “Mid-case with 95% Decarbonization by 2050 (without tax credit phaseout)” scenario.</li> <li>High: Policy makers use both regulations and market-based instruments to dramatically accelerate deployment of high efficiency technologies and fuel switching to heat pumps, though building technologies with breakthrough increases in performance at low cost do not materialize on the market. The power sector decarbonizes consistent with a “<a href="https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/84916.pdf">Mid-case with 100% Decarbonization by 2035 (without tax credit phaseout)</a>” scenario.</li> <li>Breakthrough: Research and innovation breakthroughs lead to market availability of cost-effective, high-performance building technologies by 2030; these, coupled with accelerated deployment of high efficiency technologies and fuel switching to heat pumps, lead to aggressive buildings sector transformation. The power sector decarbonizes consistent with a “<a href="https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/84916.pdf">Mid-case with 100% Decarbonization by 2035 (without tax credit phaseout)</a>” scenario.</li> <li>Inefficient Electrification Sensitivity: Policy makers use regulations and market-based instruments to encourage fuel switching but do not include provisions that require switching to efficient heat pumps, resulting in a substantial amount of switching to inefficient electric resistance heating and water heating technologies. The power sector decarbonizes consistent with a “<a href="https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/84916.pdf">Mid-case (with tax credit phaseout)</a>” scenario.</li> </ul> The key input dimensions that are varied to produce the above range of scenarios are as follows: <ul> <li>Market-available technology performance range: the energy performance levels of building technologies available for purchase by end use consumers, bounded by a minimum performance “floor” and maximum performance “ceiling”;</li> <li>Load electrification rate and efficiency: the rate at which fossil-fired equipment is converted to electric service, and the efficiency level of the electric equipment;          </li> <li>Early retrofits: the fraction of consumers that choose to replace existing building equipment and/or envelope components before the end of their useful lifetimes; and</li> <li>Power grid decarbonization: the annual average CO2 emissions intensity of the electricity supplied to the buildings sector across the modeled time horizon (2024–2050), resolved by grid region.          </li> </ul> Refer to the attached “Scenario_Guide" PDF for further scenario details and results; instructions for reproducing scenario results are available in “Scenario_Execution” XLSX. Results data are reported as an annual time series (2024–2050) at both a national and regional (<a href="https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/pdf/nerc_map.pdf">EMM grid region</a>) spatial resolution. While not reflected in this dataset, annual time series data may be further translated to a sub-annual, hourly resolution for integration with grid modeling—please contact the authors for more information. What's New in This Version Note: v6.1 updates the file ./Results/Results_Summary.xlsx to reflect the latest scenario runs. Please disregard the outdated version of this file that was posted in v6. This set of benchmark scenarios provides an update to <a href="../records/8087519">Version 5</a> of the Scout Benchmark Scenarios (June 2023) using the same scenario definitions but an updated set of baseline and measure input data alongside several minor methodological changes.     The following scenario features are new in this dataset: <ul> <li>Reference case data and energy use projections updated to <a href="https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/">AEO 2023</a>, including updates to energy and stock and technology cost, performance, and lifetime data; updated site-source energy conversions, CO2 emissions intensities, and energy prices; and revised peak and take period definitions that are consistent with 2023 EMM projections.</li> <li>Integration of federal and state cost incentives from AEO 2023 (see <a href="https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/IIF_IRA/pdf/IRA_IIF.pdf">AEO2023 Issues in Focus: Inflation Reduction Act Cases</a> in the AEO2023 for details); these incentives reduce the initial cost of upgrades for applicable measures.</li> <li>Revised method for allocating end use electricity baselines in AEO from census divisions to EMM regions and states by using <a href="https://www.nrel.gov/buildings/end-use-load-profiles.html">End Use Load Profiles</a> (EULP) data. EULP data now also underpin updated, EMM-resolved hourly load baseline shapes.</li> <li>Retail price projections for grid scenarios are updated to match those produced by NREL under the Department of Energy’s DECARB Initiative (these are similar to but differ in slight ways from NREL’s <a href="https://www.nrel.gov/analysis/standard-scenarios.html">Standard Scenarios</a>). Three scenarios are included:  <ul> <li>Stated Policies: includes moderate estimates for inputs such as technology costs, fuel prices, and demand growth with no nascent technologies and electric sector policies that match current federal laws and regulations (including IRA & BIL); achieves an 88% reduction in building site electricity emissions intensity (Mt CO2/quad site) from 2005 levels by 2050.</li> <li>Mid: consistent with Stated Policies except achieves 97% reduction in building site electricity emissions intensity from 2005 levels by 2050.</li> <li>High: includes low demand growth projections with advanced inputs for technology costs and allowance of transmission expansion between regions (without limitations based on historical build rates); federal policies are consistent with implemented laws (including IRA & BIL); building electricity is fully decarbonized after 2035.</li> <li>The previous version of the benchmark datasets used retail price data from EIA’s <a href="https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/">Annual Energy Outlook</a> scenarios.</li> </ul> </li> <li>In contrast to <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8087519">Version 5</a>, measures in the “best available” measure tier are not deployed with load flexibility features. </li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Seasonal analysis comparison of three air-cooling systems in terms of thermal comfort, air quality and energy consumption for school buildings in Mediterranean climates

Efficient air-cooling systems for hot climatic conditions, such as Southern Europe, are required in the context of nearly Zero Energy Buildings, nZEB. Innovative air-cooling systems such as regenerative indirect evaporative coolers, RIEC and desiccant regenerative indirect evaporative coolers, DRIEC, can be considered an interesting alternative to direct expansion air-cooling systems, DX. The main aim of the present work was to evaluate the seasonal performance of three air-cooling systems in terms of air quality, thermal comfort and energy consumption in a standard classroom. Several annual energy simulations were carried out to evaluate these indexes for four different climate zones in the Mediterranean area. The simulations were carried out with empirically validated models. The results showed that DRIEC and DX improved by 29.8% and 14.6% over RIEC regarding thermal comfort, for the warmest climatic conditions, Lampedusa and Seville. However, DX showed an energy consumption three and four times higher than DRIEC for these climatic conditions, respectively. RIEC provided the highest percentage of hours with favorable indoor air quality for all climate zones, between 46.3% and 67.5%. Therefore, the air-cooling systems DRIEC and RIEC have a significant potential to reduce energy consumption, achieving the user’s thermal comfort and improving indoor air quality.

BRAIN Journal-An Energy-Saving Concept of the Smart Building Power Grid with Separated Lines for Standby Devices-Figure 1. The whole-building switch concept for the power lines of standby devices

68 million houses in North America and Europe will be smart by 2019 (Kurkinen, 2016) with a compound annual growth rate of 37 % and 61 %, respectively. The smart equipment is usually installed together with an upgrade (e.g. aluminum wires are replaced by copper ones) of the power grid. In this case, additional power lines for standby devices are cabled, and the WBS concept is applied using one power switch only (see figure 1). For instance, the Songle high-power relay T90  can control the whole building electricity with load up to 30 A using NodeMcu Lua ESP8266 WiFi and/or Arduino Uno / Mega boards.

BRAIN Journal-An Energy-Saving Concept of the Smart Building Power Grid with Separated Lines for Standby Devices-Figure 3. The unified hardware unit based on NodeMcu Lua ESP8266 WiFi development board, ACS712T ELC-30A current sensor, and relay SRD-05VDC-SL-C

The software consists of two parts, low-level Arduino sketches and high-level C# Windows form appplication. They are connected using the open-source message MQTT broker Mosquitto.11 Every hardware unit has the unique identifier and commands to control the relay. The MQTT topic “/VPP/Relays” is used by subscribers and publishers. The number “50” sent from C# Windows form (it equals number “2” sent from the standard Mosquitto publisher) is a command to switch on the second relay, “51” (“3”) – to switch off, respectively. The prototype was developed with one root controller and two descendant relays. The commands are as follows: “52” (“4”) / “53” (“5”) – to switch on / off the first relay, “54” (“6”) / “55” (“7”) – to switch on / off the third relay, respectively. This solution is similar to the one presented in [22], but ACS712T ELC-30A current sensor and ESP8266WiFi.h library are applied here. In addition, other commands, e.g. “56” (“8”) to get the value of the current in the 3rd segment, are in use as well.

BRAIN Journal-An Energy-Saving Concept of the Smart Building Power Grid with Separated Lines for Standby Devices-Figure 5. An example of smart lighting using NodeMcu Lua ESP8266 ESP-12 WiFi board

for different purposes together with switching on/off relays, e.g. to control the motors, to acquire the data from sensors. It allows developing multifunctional smart systems. For instance, the smart lighting unit is created using NodeMcu Lua ESP8266 ESP-12 WiFi board, Arduino light sensor, and relay SRD-05VDC-SL-C, which controls the power supply of the lamp. Figure 5 shows a simplified example of smart lighting, where the lamp is represented by eight 5 mm light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

BRAIN Journal-An Energy-Saving Concept of the Smart Building Power Grid with Separated Lines for Standby Devices-Figure 4. Screen shot of the C# Windows form app

The screen shot of the C# Windows form app is shown in figure 4. The text field on the left side includes numbers from 2 to 7, which are commands to control the states of relays.

BRAIN Journal-An Energy-Saving Concept of the Smart Building Power Grid with Separated Lines for Standby Devices-Figure 2. An example of smart power grid with hierarchical structure

Figure 2 shows an example of smart power grid with hierarchical structure, where every segment equals a room or office. This approach is similar to the idea presented in Alboteanu et al. (2015), where the connecting / disconnecting of renewable energy sources and consumers are made via the appropriate contactors, automatically (or manually) controlled according to the energy consumption/generation. However, the management of micro smart grid is discussed in Alboteanu et al. (2015) only

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2019View details →

Hourly U.S. Building Electricity Use, Cost, and Emissions Baselines to Support Time-Sensitive Analyses of Energy Efficiency and Flexibility Measures

These data underpin an analysis of the time-sensitive impacts of energy efficiency and flexibility measures in the U.S. building sector using Scout (<a href="https://scout.energy.gov">scout.energy.gov</a>), a reproducible and granular model of U.S. building energy use developed by the U.S. national labs for the U.S. Department of Energy's Building Technologies Office. The analysis applies sub-annual adjustments to U.S. baseline building energy use, cost, and emissions in order to characterize how these metrics vary across hour of the day, season, and geographic region in the U.S. building sector. These adjustments are based on daily energy load, price, and emissions shapes from various data sources and are used to re-apportion baseline energy, cost, and emissions totals from <a href="https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/data/browser/%20/%20%7b%20/%20# \ }/?id=2-AEO2018 \ { \ & \ }cases=r ef2018 \ { \ & \ }sourcekey=0">EIA's Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) Reference Case projections</a> across all hours of a year. The resulting sub-annual baselines are specified by building sector, end use, region, and season and can be used in analyses of building efficiency and flexibility measures to quantify their time-sensitive impacts at the national scale. Analyses of these data demonstrate that energy efficiency measures continue to show strong value under a time-sensitive framework while the value of flexibility depends on assumed electricity rates, measure magnitude and duration, and the amount of savings already captured by efficiency. The data uploaded below include CSV files that show hourly energy use, cost, and emissions totals for the U.S. building sector as well as by end-use, region, and season. An additional CSV includes residential and commercial price intensities (USD/quad) for all hours of the day based on different time-of-use (TOU) rate data from the U.S. Utility Rate Database (URDB). Further detail on each of these CSVs is given below: <ul> <li>'TSV_baseline_totals.csv': this file shows hourly total energy, cost, and emissions estimates for commercial and residential buildings in 2018 and 2030. It presents these estimates in Quads (source), Quads (site), and TWh (site). For the cost totals, it presents two estimates for each year and building sector, including one using the median TOU rate from the URDB and one using the average retail rate for the corresponding building sector. For converting source energy to site, total delivered electricity and electricity-related losses data for the residential and commercial sector are drawn from <a href="https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/data/browser/#/?id=2-AEO2018&sourcekey=0">AEO Summary Table A2</a>.</li> <li>'TSV_baseline_end-use.csv': this file shows hourly energy, cost, and emissions estimates for commercial and residential buildings in 2018 and 2030 broken out by building end-use. It presents totals in terms of both source and site energy as above and presents cost totals based on the median TOU rate for each building sector from the URDB.</li> <li>'TSV_baseline_region.csv': this file shows hourly energy, cost, and emissions estimates for commercial and residential space heating and cooling end uses in 2018 and 2030 for each <a href="https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/maps.php">American Institute of Architects (AIA) climate zone</a>. It presents totals in terms of both source and site energy as above and presents cost totals based on the median TOU rate for each building sector from the URDB.</li> <li>'TSV_baseline_region_season.csv': this file shows a similar disaggregation of the data as ‘TSV_baseline_region.csv’, but it further disaggregates results by season. The seasonal definitions are as follows: 'intermediate' (October to November; March to April), 'winter' (November to February), and 'summer' (May to September).</li> <li>'TSV_annual_price_intensities.csv': this file presents annual hourly price intensities for the commercial and residential building sectors in 2018 and 2030 based on different TOU rate data from the URDB. Three different rate structures are included for each building sector, and these are the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile of all existing commercial and residential TOU rates in the URDB in terms of their peak to off-peak price ratio.</li> </ul>