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13 results for “burning season”
CSM04 Seasonal summary of numbers of small mammals on the eight LTER seasonal burn traplines in prairie habitats at Konza Prairie
Data set contains seasonal summaries (spring, summer and fall) of the number of individuals of each species of small mammal caught (relative density) on each grassland census line. Each record contains trapline, year of last fire and number of individuals per species. These live trap records are based on daily captures during three 4-day trapping periods, March, July and October, for each of 20 permanent census lines established on 10 fire-grazing treatments (2 lines per treatment). These 10 fire-grazing treatments are one unburned, one annual burn and one 4-year burn site to be grazed by native ungulates and one unburned, one annual burn, four 4-year burn and one 10-year burn site not grazed by ungulates.
Burn Study Sites Seasonal Biomass and Seasonal and Annual NPP Data for the Net Primary Production Study at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
In 2003, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducted a prescribed burn over a large part of the northeastern corner of the Sevilleta NWR. This study was designed to look at the effect of fire on above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) within different vegetation types. Net primary production (NPP) is a fundamental ecological variable that measures rates of carbon consumption and fixation. Estimates of NPP are important in understanding energy flow at a community level as well as spatial and temporal responses to a range of ecological processes. While measures of both below- and above-ground biomass are important in estimating total NPP, this study focuses on above-ground net primary production (ANPP). Above-ground net primary production (ANPP) is equal to the change in plant mass, including loss to death and decomposition, over a given period of time. To measure this change, ANPP is sampled twice a year (spring and fall) for all species in each of three vegetation types. In addition, volumetric measurements are obtained from adjacent areas to build regressions correlating biomass and volume. Three vegetation types were chosen for this study: mixed grass (MG), mixed shrub (MS) and black grama (G). Forty permanent 1m x 1m plots were installed in both burned and unburned sections of each habitat type. The core black grama site included in SEV129 was incorporated into this dataset as an unburned control, so an additional unburned G site was not created. The data for this site is noted as site=G and treatment=C (i.e., control). The original mixed-grass unburned plot caught fire unexpectedly in the fall of 2009 and was subsequently moved to the south. Volumetric measurements are made using vegetation data from permanent plots collected in SEV156, "Burn Study Sites Quadrat Data for the Net Primary Production Study" and regressions correlating biomass and volume constructed using seasonal harvest weights from SEV157, "Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Weight Data."
AMC01 Growing season microclimate by topographic position for annually-burned and 4-yr burned watersheds at Konza Prairie
Dataset contains 30min averages of many variables used to record changes in microclimatic conditions. Microclimate sensor stations were arrayed in discrete topographic positions (upland, slope, lowland) in 4 watersheds: 1D, 1B, 4B, 4F. No microclimate sensor stations were present in upland-1D or lowland-4B because eddy flux towers are present in these locations. Similar microclimate data is available from these flux towers during the time period of this study.
PAB03 Aboveground primary productivity of tallgrass prairie based on accumulated plant biomass on LTER watersheds burned at different seasons
Data set contains estimates of standing crop biomass (grams per square meter) of live graminoids, forbs, woody plants, and previous year's dead vegetation for 2 soil types (shallow and deep) and seasonal burning treatments (spring, summer, fall, winter).
Enhancing accuracy of air quality and temperature forecasts during paddy crop-residue burning season in Delhi via chemical data assimilation
<p>This paper examines the accuracy of Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) generated 72 h fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) forecasts in Delhi during the crop residue burning season of Oct-Nov 2017 with respect to assimilation of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals, persistent fire emission assumption, and aerosol-radiation interactions. The assimilation significantly pushes the model AOD and PM<sub>2.5</sub> towards the observations with the largest changes below 5 km altitude in the fire source regions (northeastern Pakistan, Punjab, and Haryana) as well as the receptor New Delhi. WRF-Chem forecast with MODIS AOD assimilation, aerosol-radiation feedback turned on, and real-time fire emissions reduce the mean bias by 88-195 µg/m<sup>3</sup> (70-86%) with the largest improvement during the peak air pollution episode of 6-13 November 2017. Aerosol-radiation feedback contributes ~21%, ~25%, and ~24% to reduction in mean bias of the first, second, and third day of PM<sub>2.5 </sub>forecast. Persistence fire emission assumption is found to work really well, as the accuracy of PM<sub>2.5</sub> forecasts driven by persistent fire emissions was only 6% lower compared to those driven by real fire emissions. Aerosol-radiation feedback extends the benefits of assimilating satellite AOD beyond PM<sub>2.5</sub> forecasts to surface temperature forecast with a reduction in the mean bias of 0.9<sup>o</sup>C - 1.5<sup>o</sup>C (17-30%). These results demonstrate that air quality forecasting can benefit substantially from satellite AOD observations particularly in developing countries that lack resources to rapidly build dense air quality monitoring networks.</p>
Savanna plant and soil carbon data from different burn seasons and histories across Mole National Park, Ghana
<p>Aboveground plant pool and belowground (soil plus root) carbon data for a space-for-time substitution survey of different burn seasons and histories across Mole National Park, Ghana. Carbon data was collected to determine the impact of unintentional late growing season wildfires on carbon storage in a protected area dominated by early growing season prescribed burning land management. The methodology and findings from the study are detailed in the below publication:</p> <p>Awuah J, Smith SW, Speed JDM, Graae BJ. 2022. Can seasonal fire management reduce the risk of carbon loss from wildfires in a protected Guinea savanna? Ecosphere, e4283. https://doi. 88 org/10.1002/ecs2.4283 </p> <p>This data repository contains the following data (and descriptive metadata): </p> <p>(1) Study_site_coordinates: locations for 28 sites surveyed in 2016 as part of an ecosystem carbon stock assessment</p> <p>(2) Aboveground_carbon: aboveground tree, shrub, herbaceous vegetation, deadwood and litter carbon stocks estimated from either destructive biomass sampling or allometric equations. Aboveground carbon data are presented per site. </p> <p>(3) LOI_to_carbon_conversion: a subset of soil samples were analysed for both loss on ignition (LOI) and automated dry combustion using an elemental analyser, the latter more accurate for carbon determination and used to correct LOI values. </p> <p>(4) Belowground_carbon: combined soil and root carbon collected collected to a maximum depth of 17 cm, and split into four soil layers (0-2 cm, 2-7 cm, 7-12 cm and 12-17 cm). </p> <p>MCD14DL MODIS Active Fire Detections data used to defined different burn seasons and histories for sites has not been uploaded and is freely available from online sources detailed in the journal article. </p>
Resprouting of 46 Florida scrub species in relation to fire intensities, burn season, and habitat
We measured responses in 46 species of resprouting plants of Florida scrub and related habitats at Archbold Biological Station following 15 single fires from 2006-2012. Resprouting species were grouped into seven species groups and four habitat types. Burns occurred during either the wet, dry or fire season as defined by Platt et al. 2015. Fire temperatures and residence times were recorded using HOBO data loggers at the base of each marked plant. Survival and growth measures were recorded pre- and for up to eight years post-fire. Fires had variable intensities with maximum temperatures ranging from 47-890 degrees C (mean 549 degrees C) and residence times ranging from 0-83 minutes (mean ten). Consumed plants experienced higher fire intensity than scorched plants, and residence times were higher during the fire season and with drier conditions. Across all species affected by fire, 86% of plants survived and resprouted post-fire. First year survival was unrelated to fire variables with high survival across all maximum temperatures and residence times. Burn season, habitat, and species group did not significantly affect survival. On average across all species, post-fire growth recovered to pre-fire heights within four years. RGR was significantly affected by species group and burn season. Herbs and palmettos recovered relatively rapidly. Recovery was slowest during the fire season, and fastest after burns conducted in the fire season. Resprouting perennial plants that dominate Florida scrub and surrounding habitats appear resilient to a wide range of fire intensities, as measured by maximum temperatures and residence times. Post-fire growth was rapid, with recovery of pre-fire heights in four years. Species groups varied in post-fire recovery rates. In these habitats, fire is critical to maintain the habitat structure for many animals and plants, including many rare species. The slower recovery of biomass for some species like oaks, results in the longer availability
Data from: Burning for biodiversity: highly resilient ant communities respond only to strongly contrasting fire regimes in Australia’s seasonal tropics
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Data from: Warmer and drier fire seasons contribute to increases in area burned at high severity in western US forests from 1985-2017
<p>Increases in burned area across the western US since the mid-1980's have been widely documented and linked partially to climate factors, yet evaluations of trends in <i>fire severity</i> are lacking. Here, we evaluate fire severity trends and their interannual relationships to climate for western US forests from 1985-2017. Significant increases in annual area burned at high severity (AAB<sub>hs</sub>) were observed across most ecoregions, with an overall eight-fold increase in AAB<sub>hs</sub> across all western US forests. The relationships we identified between the annual fire severity metrics and climate, as well as the observed and projected trend toward warmer and drier fire seasons, suggest that climate change will contribute to increased fire severity in future decades where fuels remain abundant. The growing prevalence of high-severity fire in western US forests has important implications to forest ecosystems, including an increased probability of fire-catalyzed conversions from forest to alternative vegetation types.</p>
Data from: Warmer and drier fire seasons contribute to increases in area burned at high severity in western US forests from 1985-2017
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SAFARI 2000 Emissions Estimates, MODIS Burned Area Product, Dry Season 2000
The recently generated MODIS burned area product over southern Africa for the month of September 2000 was used to calculate regional biomass burning emissions from grassland and woodland fires for a number of trace gases and particulates at 1 km spatial resolution. A dynamic regional fuel load model developed for southern Africa in support of SAFARI 2000 fire emissions modeling is used to compute spatially explicit southern Africa fuel load data. Regional grassland and woodland emissions are estimated using ecosystem-specific emission factor algorithms for carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 um (PM2.5) for southern African savanna fires (Korontzi et al., 2004). In addition, the emissions database for this region is expanded by incorporating emission factors for a variety of compounds, including oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOC), halocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOx), ammonia (NH3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and particulate ionic components measured during the SAFARI 2000 dry season field campaign.The data set archived by ORNL DAAC provides a MODIS-based estimate of CO (carbon monoxide) pyrogenic emissions (in kg) for southern Africa in September 2000 at 1 km. The data image file is stored in GeoTIFF binary format. Pyrogenic emissions of the other trace gases and particulates estimated by this study will be archived by ORNL DAAC when the data sets are finalized.
SAFARI 2000 MODIS 500-m Burned Area Products, Southern Africa, Dry Season 2000
The SAFARI 2000 project was selected as the first regional test for a prototype regional 500 m MODIS burned area product. The MODIS burned area product maps the 500 m location and approximate day of burning using a change detection algorithm based on a bi-directional reflectance model-based expectation method applied to the MODIS near-infrared and shortwave infrared bands (Roy et al., 2002). The algorithm was applied to recently reprocessed 500 m daily MODIS land surface reflectance data to produce burned area data sets for all of southern Africa for 2000 forward. This archived data set contains MODIS 500 m burned area products for two dry season months (July and September 2000).Burned area products are spatially explicit data sets that describe the approximate day of burning at 500 m resolution for all of southern Africa south of the Equator, including Madagascar. The burned area maps are compressed GeoTiff files. Several text files are included in the compressed files to aid ENVI (Research Systems, Inc.) users, including ENVI header files and ENVI density slice files. The data set also includes a projection parameters file.The MODIS burned area data set was validated using a methodology based upon the interpretation of multitemporal Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) data as described in Roy et al. (in press).
SAFARI 2000 Biomass Burning Emissions, Selected Sites, Dry Season 2000
Biomass burning is a major source for gaseous and particulate atmospheric pollution over southern Africa and globally. The purpose of this study was to quantify biomass burning emissions in an attempt to better understand and predict associated environmental impacts. Sixty biomass burning experiments were carried out November 2000-January 2001 in three regions of southern Africa that are representative of major regional ecosystem types: Etosha National Park (Namibia), Kruger National Park (South Africa), and woodland sites in Zambia and Malawi. Organic halogen-containing gases were measured in the exhaust of these fires as well as the smoke mixing ratios of CO, CO2, NOx, CH4 and N2O. Fuel and ash samples were analyzed for elemental composition. These data allow investigators to assess the elemental mass balance for each experimental burn as well as the corresponding emission factors for individual compounds as functions of the biofuel composition.This data set contains four types of data:Baseline data for individual fires (time-series engineering data and mixing ratios and mass fluxes of CO, CO2 and NOx);Elemental analyses of fuel and ash (C, N, S, P, Cl, Br, I, K, Ca, Na, and Mg content of biofuel samples and ash);Flux data (integrated mass fluxes of CO, CO2, NOx and total mass of burned elements relative to the fuel element and the above fuel analyses);Emissions data (emissions of NH3, SO2, CH3COOH, HCOOH, HCl, HONO, and HNO3 and inorganic Cl and Br; ionic and elemental compositions of particles; and emissions of CO2, CO and NOx for different types of biofuel).
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