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6 results for “butterfly pollination”

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zenodo44/100

Data from: Butterflies are not a robust bioindicator for assessing pollinator communities, but floral resources offer a promising way forward

<p>Monitoring pollinators is crucial for the evaluation of biodiversity and potential pollination services. Yet, efficiently monitoring multiple taxa over large areas can be costly. An alternative approach is using simple species bioindicators that represent the entire pollinator community. One of the requirements of a good bioindicator is that it can be easily identified to lower taxonomic levels and be sensitive to changes in habitat. This is the case for butterflies, a taxon for which many countries have a country-wide long-term monitoring scheme. We tested whether butterfly diversity can be used to predict diversity of bees and hoverflies both spatially and temporally. We surveyed 42 transects of the Dutch Butterfly Monitoring Scheme in 2020, to record species richness and abundance of butterflies, bees and hoverflies. We also recorded flower area and richness in the pollinator transects. To test whether pollinators with similar functional traits are more closely correlated than the entire pollinator community, we categorized bee and butterfly species according to their diet breadth (polyphagous vs. non-polyphagous), nitrogen-affinity (nitrophobous vs. nitrophilous larval resources) and body size. We used the same methods to test for temporal correlations over seven years for one site in Spain. Butterfly richness was not spatially correlated with bee richness (Pearson&#39;s r = 0.13), nor were the two taxa temporally correlated (Pearson&#39;s r = 0.02). Interestingly, hoverfly richness was spatially correlated with butterfly richness (Pearson&#39;s r = 0.43) and with bee richness (Pearson&#39;s r = 0.36) in the Netherlands and, hence, hoverflies might be slightly more suitable as a bioindicator of pollinator diversity in this area. Abundance of all three taxa showed no significant inter-correlation, except for correlations between diet specialist bees and butterflies (Pearson&#39;s r = 0.39). Importantly, all three taxa were strongly correlated with flower richness, but they varied in their preferences for host plant families. This is in line with 75% of the plant-pollinator studies finding significant positive relations. For monitoring schemes to be effective in informing better pollinator conservation, they should expand to include bees and hoverflies as well as simple indicators of habitat quality such as floral resources.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →
dryad36/100

Characterizing each step of pollination in the wildflower, Phlox drummondii, reveals a single butterfly species predominates in the pollinator assemblage

<p>Premise: A central goal of pollination biology is to connect plants with the identity of their pollinator(s). While predictions based on floral syndrome traits are extremely useful, direct observation can reveal further details of a species' pollination biology. The wildflower, <em>Phlox drummondii</em>, has a floral syndrome consistent with pollination by a variety of lepidoptera. We describe pollination in <em>P. drummondii</em> and use empirical data to test this prediction.</p> <p>Methods: We directly observe each step of the pollination process in <em>P. drummondii</em>. First, we observe 55.5 hours of floral visitation throughout the day/evening (7:00-20:30) at sites across the species range. We use a temporal pollinator exclusion experiment to determine the contribution of diurnal and nocturnal pollination to reproductive output. We then quantify <em>P. drummondii</em> pollen pickup and deposition by the dominant floral visitor, <em>Battus philenor</em>. Finally, we test the effect of <em>B. philenor</em> visitation on <em>P. drummondii</em> reproductive output by quantifying fruit set following visitation to greenhouse-grown flowers.</p> <p>Results: <em>B. philenor</em> is the primary pollinator of <em>P. drummondii</em>. Pollination is largely diurnal, and we observe a variety of lepidopteran visitors during this period. However, <em>B. philenor</em> is by far the most frequent visitor, representing 88.5% of all observed floral visits. We show that <em>B. philenor</em> is not only an extremely common visitor but also an effective pollinator by demonstrating that individuals transfer pollen between flowers and that a single visit can elicit fruit set.</p> <p>Conclusion: Our data are consistent with the syndrome prediction of lepidopteran pollination and further reveal a single butterfly species, <em>B. philenor</em>, as the primary pollinator. Collectively, our study demonstrates the importance of empirical pollinator observations, adds to our understanding of pollination mechanics, and offers a specific case study of butterfly pollination.</p>

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →
dryad36/100

Characterizing each step of pollination in the wildflower, Phlox drummondii, reveals a single butterfly species predominates in the pollinator assemblage

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publicMay 2023View details →
dryad36/100

Data from: The pollination of Habenaria rhodocheila (Orchidaceae) in South China: When butterflies take sides

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publicNov 2024View details →
dryad32/100

Data from: Papilio butterfly vs. hawkmoth pollination explains floral syndrome dichotomy in a clade of Lilium

<p>This dataset contains data described in the paper recently accepted by Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society:" Liu C-Q, Niu Y, Lu Q-B, Chen Z, Cai B, Fang Y, Gao Y-D. (2021) <i><span>Papilio</span></i> butterfly vs. hawkmoth pollination explains floral syndrome dichotomy in a clade of <i><span>Lilium</span></i>".</p> <div>The <span>Leucolirion  </span>clade of <span>Lilium</span> contains species with either tepal-recurved or trumpet-shaped flowers. We hypothesized that the tepal-recurved flowers  might be pollinated by butterflies and/or birds while the trumpet-shaped flowers might permit visitation by a variety of hawkmoths. <span>Lilium leucanthum</span> has trumpet shaped flowers, and some populations of this species show dark coloration on the floral outer surface, suggesting pollination by mammals. We examined the dependence of reproduction on pollinators by pollen load analysis and pollination experiments. We also analysed floral traits to contrast the two floral syndromes involving different lepidopteran groups.</div> <div> </div> <div>The tepal-recurved lilies delivered pollen by <span>Papilio</span> butterflies with pollen predominantly attached to the hindwings. The trumpet-shaped flowers attracted diverse species with proboscises of different lengths. Self-incompatibility prevails throughout the clade. Exclusion of lepidopteran visitors resulted in very low seed set. The butterfly- and hawkmoth-pollinated species display contrasting floral syndromes. Thus, the dichotomy in floral syndrome, including nectar, color, and morphology in the <span>Leucolirion</span> clade is associated with <span>Papilio</span> butterfly vs. hawkmoth pollination. Intraspecific variation in colour of the floral outer surface of <span>L</span>. <span>leucanthum</span>  was also confirmed by our measurements.</div> <div> </div> <div>These data can be used in further research on the floral ecology and evolution of Lilium and may also be needed in reviews of flower-hawkmoth interactions and hawkmoth biology.</div>

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →
dryad32/100

Data from: Papilio butterfly vs. hawkmoth pollination explains floral syndrome dichotomy in a clade of Lilium

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publicNov 2021View details →

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