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25 results for “camelid”
Supplementary material Comparative Genomic Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli from South American Camelids in Central Germany
<p>Supplementary material for publication González-Santamarina, B.; Weber, M.; Menge, C.; Berens, C. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> from South American Camelids in Central Germany. <i>Microorganisms</i> <strong>2022</strong>, <i>10</i>, 1697. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091697 </p>
Fig. 2 in The fossil record of camelids demonstrates a late divergence between Bactrian camel and dromedary
Fig. 2. Time-calibrated equiparsimonious trees. At each node, the probability density computed by diversification is shown (in red, all displaying a left skew). The age of each fossil record (in million years) is shown as a brown bar along each branch, which extends from the oldest to the youngest plausible age for each record. Darker shades represent overlapping possible age ranges, whereas brown dots represent very well-dated fossils. Extant taxa are in bold. A monophyletic Camelus is diagnosed by the loss of p3 and a smaller P3. The Paracamelus clade is diagnosed by a long muzzle. Camelus grattardi lacks derived characters of other representatives of the Camelus clade, the paraglenoid process, a shallower infra-orbital shelf, an oblique ascending ramus of the mandible, a thickened corpus, a broader P4 relative, and long ligament scars on the phalanges. The position of the poorly studied Camelus knoblochi relative to extant forms rests only on the morphology of the choanae.
Fig. 1 in The fossil record of camelids demonstrates a late divergence between Bactrian camel and dromedary
Fig. 1. Probability density histograms of speciation (cladogenesis), extinction and fossilization rates for the three equiparsimonious trees. All rates are in events per lineage and per million years. The height of each box of the plots is proportional to the posterior probability for the corresponding rate to be in the interval delineating its base.
Fig. 9 in A small camelid Hemiauchenia from the Late Pleistocene of Hidalgo, central Mexico
Fig. 9. Geographic distribution and geochronological range of Hemiauchenia gracilis Meachen, 2005 from the Plio−Pleistocene of Mexico and the USA. Biogeographic provinces after Janis (1998). LMA refers to North American Land Mammal Ages, modified from Bell et al. (2004). * present study. Abbreviations: RLB, Rancholabrean
Fig. 6 in A small camelid Hemiauchenia from the Late Pleistocene of Hidalgo, central Mexico
Fig. 6. Hind limb of the camelid Hemiauchenia gracilis Meachen, 2005 from the Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) of Hidalgo, central Mexico. A. Left metatarsal (UAHMP−962) in anterior (A1) and proximal (A2) views, showing the articular surface. B. Distal portions of metatarsals III and IV (UAHMP−357) in anterior view.
Fig. 8 in A small camelid Hemiauchenia from the Late Pleistocene of Hidalgo, central Mexico
Fig. 8. North American Plio−Pleistocene localities with records of Hemiauchenia gracilis Meachen, 2005, including those from the Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) of Hidalgo, central Mexico, described in the present study.
Fig. 7 in A small camelid Hemiauchenia from the Late Pleistocene of Hidalgo, central Mexico
Fig. 7. Proximal phalanges of the camelid Hemiauchenia gracilis Meachen, 2005 from the Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) of Hidalgo, central Mexico. A. UAHMP−954 (right) in anterior (A1) and posterior (A2) views. B. UAHMP−954 (left) in anterior (B1) and posterior (B2) views.
Fig. 5 in A small camelid Hemiauchenia from the Late Pleistocene of Hidalgo, central Mexico
Fig. 5. Postcranial elements of the camelid Hemiauchenia gracilis Meachen, 2005 from the Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) of Hidalgo, central Mexico. A. Distal end of left scapula (UAHMP−419) in lateral view. B. Distal end of left tibia (UAHMO−515) in anterior (B1) and distal (B2) views, showing the articular surface.
Fig. 2 in A small camelid Hemiauchenia from the Late Pleistocene of Hidalgo, central Mexico
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic sections of the localities of Barranca del Berrendo (HGO−28), Barranca San Agustín (HGO−29), and El Barrio (HGO−47); the correlation of the fossiliferous sedimentary sequence is shown. Arrows indicate the levels which have yielded the specimens.
Fig. 4 in A small camelid Hemiauchenia from the Late Pleistocene of Hidalgo, central Mexico
Fig. 4. Mandible and lower dentition of the camelid Hemiauchenia gracilis Meachen, 2005 from the Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) of Hidalgo, central Mexico. Partial mandible (UAHMP−1144) in lateral (A) and occlusal (B) views.
Fig. 1 in A small camelid Hemiauchenia from the Late Pleistocene of Hidalgo, central Mexico
Fig. 1. Index map showing the study area in the southeastern sector of Hidalgo, central Mexico. The Pleistocene localities Barranca del Berrendo (HGO−28), Barranca San Agustín (HGO−29), and El Barrio (HGO−47) are shown.
Fig. 3 in Gastrointestinal parasite diversity of South American camelids (Artiodactyla: Camelidae): First review throughout the native range of distribution
Fig. 3. Parasitic richness of South American camelid throught the native distribution range based on data available to date.
Fig. 2 in Gastrointestinal parasite diversity of South American camelids (Artiodactyla: Camelidae): First review throughout the native range of distribution
Fig. 2. Geographical location of the documents compiled in the present review (red dots). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
SNAPP- Diseases in wild South American camelids Literature Review Datasets
<p><strong>SNAPP Diseases in wild South American camelids project</strong>: Vicuñas (<em>Vicugna vicugna</em>) and guanacos (<em>Lama guanicoe</em>) are the two species of wild South American camelids whose distribution ranges from southern Argentina and Chile to central Peru. Declines in guanaco and vicuña populations have been recently associated with outbreaks of sarcoptic mange infections, impacting the health and conservation of South American Camelids (CSAs). Recognizing that the greatest challenges to conservation and sustainable development require innovative solutions, we have been forming a working group Andean Camelid Disease to collaboratively find management strategies to control sarcoptic mange to promote the health of CSA, their ecosystems, surrounding livestock, and the members of Andean communities that rely on the management of these species. In this perspective, we review the current knowledge on sarcoptic mange in CSAs and identify existing knowledge gaps. </p> <p><strong>Datasets created and used in the SNAPP Diseases in Wild South American camelids project</strong> (https://snappartnership.net/teams/andean-camelid-disease/)<br> This repository contains the databases (BD) generated from the systematic review of published information, including the metadata of each of them, the basic description of the methodology used, and files with the description of the information obtained.</p> <p><strong>BD_SNAP-CSA_RevSiste_ResumenCalidad.xlsx:</strong> BD with the description of each of the documents worked on in the systematic review, including a detailed summary of the objectives, methodology, results, and conclusions. Additionally, the evaluation of the quality of the data collected from each document has been included, as well as the classification of the studies according to their type considering the categories defined by Pullin and Knight 2001 and Pullin and Knight 2003.</p> <p><strong>BD_SNAP-CSA_RevSiste_PrevalenciaPoblaciones.xlsx:</strong> contains data on the prevalence and mortality of mange by CSA populations, including data on location, type of management, and years, among others.</p> <p><strong>BD BD_SNAP-CSA_RevSiste_PrevalenciaIndividuos.xlsx:</strong> contains data on the prevalence and extent of mange by CSA individuals, including information on age and sex.</p> <p><strong>BD BD_SNAP-CSA_RevSiste_Severidad.xlsx:</strong> contains data on the severity of scabies in CSA populations, including data on location, type of management, and years, among others.</p> <p><strong>BD_SNAP-CSA_RevSiste_Tratmientos.xlsx:</strong> contains quantitative and qualitative data on the effectiveness of implemented veterinary treatments, including information by location and year on drugs, implemented concentrations, doses, and recovery time, among others.</p> <p><strong>BD_SNAP-CSA_RevSiste_Genetica.xlsx: </strong>Contains available genetic information on CSA populations and subpopulations.</p> <p><strong>BD_SNAP-CSA_RevSiste_Percepciones.xlsx: </strong>contains perceptions and opinions collected during the systematic review in relation to the severity of mange in CSA, the importance of ecological factors in relation to the severity of mange, the effect of CSA management in relation to with the severity of mange and the effectiveness of treatments.</p> <p>These documents are the result of the Science for Nature and People Partnership (SNAPP) Diseases in Wild South American Camelids working group. SNAPP is a partnership of The Nature Conservancy and the Wildlife Conservation Society.</p>
Fig. 1 in Gastrointestinal parasite diversity of South American camelids (Artiodactyla: Camelidae): First review throughout the native range of distribution
Fig. 1. PRISMA flowchart of the systematic review process.
Andean grassland stability across spatial scales increases with camelid grazing intensity despite biotic homogenization
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Maintenance of genetic diversity in an introduced island population of Guanacos after seven decades and two severe demographic bottlenecks: implications for camelid conservation
Fifteen Guanacos were introduced to Staats Island in Falklands/Malvinas archipelago from Patagonia in the 1930s. After introduction, the Guanaco population increased to almost 400 animals that retained a footprint of the founding effect and bottleneck reflected in the genetic status of this isolated population. The goals of this study were to (i) make a genetic assessment of this island population through comparisons with mainland populations and simulation, and (ii) assess the likely source population of the introduced Guanacos. Genetic variation estimated from 513 bp of mitochondrial DNA sequence and 15 microsatellite loci were compared among 154 Guanacos collected from eight localities, including the adjacent mainland and the islands of Tierra del Fuego and Staats Island. Of the 23 haplotypes observed among our samples, the Staats Island population only contained three haplotypes, all of which were shared with the Monte Leon population in southern Patagonia. Mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite variation on Staats Island were comparable to most mainland populations and greater than those observed on Tierra del Fuego. Patterns of genetic structure suggest that the Staats Island Guanaco population was founded with animals from southern Patagonia (as opposed to northern Patagonia or Tierra del Fuego), but that effective reductions in population size lasted only a few generations and that surviving animals were a random sample of the pre-bottleneck genetic variation.
Data from: Comparing genetic diversity and demographic history in co-distributed wild South American camelids
Vicuñas and guanacos are two species of wild South American camelids that are key ruminants in the ecosystems where they occur. Although closely related, these species feature differing ecologies and life history characters, which are expected to influence both their genetic diversity and population differentiation at different spatial scales. Here, using mitochondrial and microsatellite genetic markers, we show that vicuña display lower genetic diversity within populations than guanaco but exhibit more structure across their Peruvian range, which may reflect a combination of natural genetic differentiation linked to geographic isolation and recent anthropogenic population declines. Coalescent based demographic analyses indicate that both species have passed through a strong bottleneck, reducing their effective population sizes from over 20,000 to less than 1,000 individuals. For vicuña this bottleneck is inferred to have taken place ~3,300 years ago, but to have occurred more recently for guanaco at ~2,000 years ago. These inferred dates are considerably later than the onset of domestication (when the alpaca was domesticated from the vicuña while the llama was domesticated from the guanaco), coinciding instead with a major human population expansion following the mid-Holocene cold period. As importantly, they imply earlier declines than the well-documented Spanish conquest, where major mass mortality events were recorded for Andean human and camelid populations. We argue that underlying species' differences and recent demographic perturbations have influenced genetic diversity in modern vicuña and guanaco populations, and these processes should be carefully evaluated in the development and implementation of management strategies for these important genetic resources.
Fig. 1 in Comparative anatomy of the skull of South American camelids. A contribution to their taxonomical identification
Fig. 1. Cranium and mandible measurements used in this study (illustrated on Vicugna vicugna INBIAL-CV 0224). Cranium in dorsal view: BCB (braincase breadth) and BPB (postmeatus breadth). Cranium in ventral view: BZB (bizygomatic breadth), LPD (diastema postcanine length), PAL (palate length) and CBL (condyle-basal length). Cranium in caudal view: DFC (distance between the mastoid foramen and the edge of the lamboid crest) and MFB (mastoid foramen breadth). Mandible dorsal view: CPL (condylar process length) and CPB (condylar process breadth). Scale 10 mm.
Fig. 9 in Comparative anatomy of the skull of South American camelids. A contribution to their taxonomical identification
Fig. 9. Circle of correlations (left) and scoreplots (right) of PLS-DA analyses. A qualitative traits (see abbreviations of qualitative variables in Tables S1) and B quantitative traits (see abbreviation of qualitative variables in section 2.3 of Materials and Methods), C combined matrices. Variable loadings and centroids of species are illustrated in circles of correlations, while segregation of specimens on discriminant axes are illustrated on the scoreplots. Black points, vicu˜nas specimens; gray points, guanacos specimens; white points, llamas specimens.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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