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21 results for “capture-mark-recapture”
Plethodon hybrid zone capture-mark-recapture survey plots at the Coweeta Hyrdologic Laboratory, Otto, NC.
A major goal of the Coweeta LTER is to understand the interactions between climate and land use on the ecology of southern Appalachia biota. Southern Appalachia is the global hotspot for salamander diversity, with most of that diversity situated at mid and upper elevations of mountains where species are functionally trapped by their dependence of a narrow, cool climatic zone. The ranges of the two terrestrial salamander species, Plethodon teyahalee (southern Appalachian salamander) and Plethodon shermani (red-legged salamander) meet at a unique hybrid zone at the Coweeta LTER in Macon County, NC. The hybrid zone is unique because it appears to be shifting up in elevation, possibly due to climate change. This research will be situated in the hybrid zone of these two species to assess the differential effects of climate change and land use on both species. To evaluate the effects of climate on the local ecology of salamanders, we will conduct an intensive mark-recapture study to measure surface activity on 6 plots distributed in pairs at 3 elevations that provide a range of warmer to cooler climates. Every two weeks, each plot is searched for 30 min by two investigators using head lamps. Animals are hand captured, identified to species, scored for color and patterning, measured, and marked using a unique combination of visible implant elastomers (VIE). This will enable us to estimate individual capture probabilities and rates of temporary surface emigration (an indication of avoidance of climatically unsuitable conditions).
F I G U R E 3 in Estimating multiple years, tributary-specific, and overall Atlantic salmon smolt abundance in a large Canadian catchment using capture-mark-recapture experiments
F I G U R E 3 (a) Posterior distribution of the difference between the true value and posterior distribution estimates (in percentage of the true value) of annual total smolt abundance obtained from DM (Dirichlet-multinomial) model M5 (simulation exercise). Each line is a year, and the 10 (one for each replicate) distributions are overlaid. The overall average difference is indicated in the left corner of the panel and represented by a red dashed vertical line. (b) C.V. of the posterior distributions of total abundance obtained from DM model M5. Each blue dot corresponds to the C.V. of a unique year/replicate, and each dashed blue horizontal line corresponds to the average C.V. of a replicate across years. The average C.V. across years and replicates (red dashed line) is also indicated in the top-right corner of the panel.
F I G U R E 4 in Estimating multiple years, tributary-specific, and overall Atlantic salmon smolt abundance in a large Canadian catchment using capture-mark-recapture experiments
F I G U R E 4 (a–c) Posterior distribution of the relative contribution of the smolt abundance associated with each upstream rotary screw trap (RST) and (d) posterior distribution of the relative contribution of the "rest" of the smolt abundance in relation to the total abundance for the DM (Dirichletmultinomial) model M5 (simulation exercise). The red dots correspond to the true values in the simulated dataset.
F I G U R E 1 in Estimating multiple years, tributary-specific, and overall Atlantic salmon smolt abundance in a large Canadian catchment using capture-mark-recapture experiments
F I G U R E 1 Restigouche River catchment map with main streams and lakes. Red dots indicate the location of the rotary screw traps (RST). Black polygons indicate subcatchments draining into upstream RSTs. Top-right panels: zoom on the location of the two downstream RSTs and example of a smolt with a streamer tag. Photo credit: Marie-Camille St-Amour.
F I G U R E 5 in Estimating multiple years, tributary-specific, and overall Atlantic salmon smolt abundance in a large Canadian catchment using capture-mark-recapture experiments
F I G U R E 5 (left panels, a–e) Posterior distributions of the estimated annual catchability θt,k at each rotary screw trap (RST), (middle panels, f– h) posterior distributions of the annual smolt abundance estimates associated with each upstream RST (Nmt,i), (i) the total smolt abundance for the Restigouche catchment (Nmtot), and (right panels, j–m) posterior distributions of the annual relative proportions of the total smolt abundance t of the Restigouche catchment estimated for each upstream RST and for the unsampled areas (rest, bottom-right panel) using the Restigouche dataset. In the catchability panels (a–e), the dashed gray line is the median, and the light and dark gray areas indicate the 2.5th–97.5th and 25th– 75th interquantile ranges, respectively, of the hyperparameter μθ, that is, the average catchability of each RST of the time series. In the relative k proportions panels (f–i) the thick dashed colored line in the top three panels indicates the average proportion of the total catchment abundance estimated at the upstream RST. The thick dashed gray lines indicate the proportions of the Restigouche catchment wetted areas of the subbasins sampled at the upstream RST(j–l) and the wetted area for the remainder of the Restigouche catchment not sampled by any upstream RST (m); the proportions for the rest of the catchment area change over years based on the specific upstream RSTs that operated in a given year. For all panels, the colored dot is the median, and the thin and thick vertical segments indicate the 2.5th–97.5th and 25th–75th interquantile ranges, respectively.
Multi-surveyor capture-mark-recapture as a powerful tool for butterfly population monitoring in the pre-imaginal stage
<p>For many elusive insect species, which are difficult to cover by standard monitoring schemes, innovative survey methods are needed to gain robust data on abundance and population trends. The recording of pre-imaginal butterfly life stages provides great potential for ecological studies and conservation monitoring. However, using counts of pre-imaginal stages for quantitative research requires detection probability to be determined.</p> <p>We tested different removal and capture-mark-recapture (CMR) approaches to determine the detection probability for overwintering larvae of the endangered nymphalid butterfly <em>Limenitis reducta</em>. Classical removal and CMR studies require movement of the organisms under study but in our approach, we replaced movement of the study organisms by random movement of multiple different surveyors. The study was conducted in three plots within a spruce clear-cut in the 'Alb-Donau' region, Germany.</p> <p>Our dataset provides detection data of nine/ten different surveyors per study plot. The surveyors differed in their experience ('experts' vs. 'novices'). In the R-scripts we present the analysis of the data using i) the removal method, ii) CMR approaches with varying personnel expenditure. In addition, we test the validity of our method by comparing observed and simulated detection frequencies.</p> <p>The results of our study indicate that multi-surveyor removal/CMR techniques are highly suitable for estimating abundance of overwintering L. reducta larvae and that the proposed methodology has several strengths: long survey period, estimates of the absolute population size accompanied by uncertainty measures, estimates of overwinter mortality. The methods from our study can be adapted and used for several different butterfly species, other insect taxa with specific immobile life-stages, and some sessile organisms, e.g. elusive plants, fungi, or corals.</p>
Multi-surveyor capture-mark-recapture as a powerful tool for butterfly population monitoring in the pre-imaginal stage
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VCF files and regression analyses for: Assessing fine-scale pondscape connectivity with amphibian eyes: an integrative approach using genomic and capture-mark-recapture data
<p><span>In the face of habitat loss, preserving functional connectivity is essential to maintain genetic diversity and the demographic dynamics required for the viability of biotic communities. This requires knowledge of the dispersal behavior of target species, which can be modeled as kernels, or probability density functions of dispersal distances at increasing geographic distances. We present an integrative approach to investigate the relationships between genetic connectivity and demographic parameters in organisms with low vagility focusing on five syntopic pond-breeding amphibians. We genotyped 1,056 individuals of two anuran and three urodele species (1,732–3,913 SNPs per species) from populations located in a landscape comprising 64 ponds to characterize fine-scale genetic structure in a comparative framework and combined this genetic data with information obtained in a previous two-year capture-mark-recapture (CMR) study. Specifically, we contrasted graphs reconstructed from genomic data with connectivity graphs based on dispersal kernels and demographic information obtained from CMR data from previous studies and assessed the effects of population size, population density, geographical distances, inverse movement probabilities and the presence of habitat patches potentially functioning as stepping stones on genetic differentiation. Our results suggest a significant influence of local population sizes on patterns of genetic connectivity at small spatial scales. In addition, m</span><span>ovement records and cluster-derived kernels provide robust inferences on most likely dispersal paths that are consistent with </span><span>genomic inferences on genetic connectivity. The integration of genetic and CMR data holds great potential for understanding genetic connectivity at spatial scales relevant to individual organisms, with applications for the implementation of management actions at the landscape level. </span></p>
Macquarie Island southern elephant seal capture-mark-recapture data
<p>The Southern Ocean has been disproportionately affected by climate change and is therefore an ideal place to study the influence of changing environmental conditions on ecosystems. Changes in the demography of predator populations are indicators of broader shifts in food-web structure, but long-term data are required to study these effects. Southern elephant seals (<em>Mirounga leonina</em>) from Macquarie Island have consistently decreased in population size while all other major populations across the Southern Ocean have recently stabilised or are increasing. Two long-term mark-recapture studies (1956-1967 and 1993-2009) have monitored this population, which provides an opportunity to investigate demographic performance over a range of climatic conditions. This provides insights on individual vital rates of known-age seals from Macquarie Island over extensively long timeseries.</p>
Integrating high-speed videos in capture-mark-recapture studies of insects
<p>Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) studies have been used extensively in ecology and evolution. While it is feasible to apply CMR in some animals, it is considerably more challenging in small fast-moving species such as insects. In these groups, low recapture rates can bias estimates of demographic parameters, thereby, handicapping effective analysis and management of wild populations. Here we use high-speed videos (HSV) to capture two large dragonfly species, <em>Anax junius</em> and <em>Rhionaeschna multicolor,</em> that rarely land and, thus, are particularly challenging for CMR studies. We test whether HSV, compared to conventional "eye" observations, increases the "resighting" rates and, consequently, improves estimates of both survival rates and the effects of demographic covariates on survival. We show that the use of HSV increases the number of resights by 64% in <em>A. junius</em> and 48% in <em>R. multicolor</em>. HSV improved our estimates of resighting and survival probability which were either under- or overestimated with the conventional observations. Including HSV improved credible intervals for resighting rate and survival probability by 190% and 130% in <em>A. junius</em> and <em>R. multicolor,</em> respectively. Hence, it has the potential to open the door to a wide range of research possibilities on species that are traditionally difficult to monitor with distance sampling, including within insects and birds.</p>
VCF files and regression analyses for: Assessing fine-scale pondscape connectivity with amphibian eyes: an integrative approach using genomic and capture-mark-recapture data
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Integrating high-speed videos in capture-mark-recapture studies of insects
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Capture-mark-recapture of Calopteryx exul in 2011
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Macquarie Island southern elephant seal capture-mark-recapture data
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Data from: Reliable effective number of breeders/adult census size ratios in seasonal-breeding species: opportunity for integrative demographic inferences based on capture-mark-recapture data and multilocus genotypes
The ratio of the effective number of breeders (Nb) to the adult census size (Na), Nb/ Na, approximates the departure from the standard capacity of a population to maintain genetic diversity in one reproductive season. This information is relevant for assessing population status, understanding evolutionary processes operating at local scales and unraveling how life-history traits affect these processes. However, our knowledge on Nb/Na ratios in nature is limited because estimation of both parameters is challenging. The sibship frequency (SF) method is adequate for reliable Nb estimation because it is based on sibship and parentage reconstruction from genetic marker data, thereby providing demographic inferences that can be compared with field-based information. In addition, capture-mark-recapture (CMR) robust design methods are well suited for Na estimation in seasonal-breeding species. We used tadpole genotypes of three pond-breeding amphibian species (Epidalea calamita, Hyla molleri and Pelophylax perezi, n = 73-96 single-cohort tadpoles / species genotyped at 15-17 microsatellite loci) and candidate parental genotypes (n = 94-300 adults / species) to estimate Nb by the SF method. To assess the reliability of Nb estimates, we compared sibship and parentage inferences with field-based information and checked for the convergence of results in replicated subsampled analyses. Finally, we used CMR data from a 6-year monitoring program to estimate annual Na in the three species and calculate the Nb/Na ratio. Reliable ratios were obtained for E. calamita (Nb/Na = 0.18-0.28) and P. perezi (0.5), but in H. molleri Na could not be estimated and genetic information proved insufficient for reliable Nb estimation. Integrative demographic studies taking full advantage of SF and CMR methods can provide accurate estimates of the Nb/Na ratio in seasonal-breeding species. Importantly, the SF method provides results that can be readily evaluated for reliability. This represents a good opportunity for obtaining robust demographic inferences with wide applications for evolutionary and conservation research.
Genotyping validates the efficacy of photographic identification in a capture-mark-recapture study based on the head scale patterns of the prairie lizard (Sceloporus consobrinus)
Population studies often incorporate capture-mark-recapture (CMR) techniques to gather information on long-term biological and demographic characteristics. A fundamental requirement for CMR studies is that an individual must be uniquely and permanently marked to ensure reliable reidentification throughout its lifespan. Photographic identification involving automated photographic identification software has become a popular and efficient non-invasive method for identifying individuals based on natural markings. However, few studies have a) robustly assessed the performance of automated programs by using a double-marking system or b) determined their efficacy for long-term studies by incorporating multi-year data. Here, we evaluated the performance of the program Interactive Individual Identification System (I<sup>3</sup>S) by cross-validating photographic identifications based on the head scale pattern of the prairie lizard (<i>Sceloporus consobrinus</i>) with individual microsatellite genotyping (N=863). Further, we assessed the efficacy of the program to identify individuals over time by comparing error rates between within-year and between-year recaptures. Recaptured lizards were correctly identified by I<sup>3</sup>S in 94.1% of cases. We estimated a false rejection rate (FRR) of 5.9% and a false acceptance rate (FAR) of 0%. By using I<sup>3</sup>S we correctly identified 97.8% of within-year recaptures (FRR=2.2%; FAR=0%) and 91.1% of between-year recaptures (FRR=8.9%; FAR=0%). Misidentifications were primarily due to poor photo quality (N=4). However, two misidentifications were caused by indistinct scale configuration due to scale damage (N=1) and ontogenetic changes in head scalation between capture events (N=1). We conclude that automated photographic identification based on head scale patterns is a reliable and accurate method for identifying individuals over time. Because many lizard or reptilian species possess variable head squamation, this method has potential for successful application in many species.
Genotyping validates the efficacy of photographic identification in a capture-mark-recapture study based on the head scale patterns of the prairie lizard (Sceloporus consobrinus)
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Data from: Reliable effective number of breeders/adult census size ratios in seasonal-breeding species: opportunity for integrative demographic inferences based on capture-mark-recapture data and multilocus genotypes
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F I G U R E 2 in Estimating multiple years, tributary-specific, and overall Atlantic salmon smolt abundance in a large Canadian catchment using capture-mark-recapture experiments
F I G U R E 2 Schematic representation of the different capture–mark–recapture (CMR) events occurring in the Restigouche catchment in a given year. The letters C, M, and R correspond to the captured, marked, and recaptured fish, respectively. The total nonmarked smolt population Nmtot comprises four components: Kedgwick, Upsaquitch, and Matapedia abundance Nm, and the smolt abundance originating from the rest t 1:3,t of the catchment Nmrest. Note that the "rest" component can vary between years because not all rotary screw traps (RST) are operated annually. t Each year, each operating upstream RST is associated with a CMR experiment. Marked smolts in the upstream RSTs (Mt,1:3) can also be recaptured at the downstream RSTs (Rt,1:5). Each downstream RST samples an unknown fraction of the total population of smolts migrating out of the catchment. Due to the low number of recaptures at the downstream RSTs, it is not possible to estimate this fraction, and it is confounded with the catchabilities at the downstream RSTs. Variables in square boxes are known, and variables in round boxes are unknown.
Praomys delectorum capture-mark-recapture dataset from fieldwork on the Ukaguru Mountains, Tanzania.
<p><i>Praomys delectorum</i> occurs abundantly in both disturbed and intact forests in the Ukaguru Mountains within the Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM), Morogoro, Tanzania. While previous studies have reported that anthropogenic disturbance such as grazing, wood cutting and harvesting has a positive effect on the population density of <i>P. delectorum</i>, the impact of habitat disturbance on its demographic traits is still unknown. We performed a capture-mark-recapture study in both disturbed and intact forest from June 2018 to February 2020 in order to investigate the effects of habitat disturbance on abundance as well as two demographic traits: survival and maturation of <i>P. delectorum </i>in the Ukaguru Mountains. We found no variation in abundance or maturation between intact and disturbed forests, but habitat type did affect survival. However, this effect was sex-dependent since female survival was higher in disturbed forests while male survival remained similar across the two forest types potentially due to differences in predation pressure or food availability between the two habitats. Continuous demographic monitoring of <i>P. delectorum</i> in EAM is necessary given that the increasing human population surrounding the landscape is leading to higher deforestation rates, and expansion of the pine plantation in the forest reserve.</p>
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