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685 results for “carbohydrate”
Above- and below-ground non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in Spartina alterniflora from 6 permanant plots near the Georgia Coastal Ecosysterms LTER flux tower, on Sapelo Island in Georgia, USA
We studied the dynamics of four non-structural carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch) and biomass in 8 different above- and below-ground tissues in Spartina alterniflora over the course of a year in a salt marsh on Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA. Tissue parts sampled included green leaves, green stems, yellow leaves, yellow stems, brown leaves and stem, flowers, belowground biomass from 0-10cm depth and belowground biomass from 10-30cm depth. Samples were collected from tall form S. alterniflora plots near the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER flux tower site monthly between September 2013 and August 2014. This study was conducted to support the development of predictive, mechanistic models of Spartina by providing information on below-ground biomass and its dynamics, and in particular the storage of resources that can be used for spring re-growth.
Whole-Tree Nonstructural Carbohydrate Budgets in Five Species at Harvard Forest 2014
We measured nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations throughout the year in the branches, stemwood, and roots of five temperate tree species. These NSC concentrations were used in two ways. First, we scaled up concentrations to the whole-tree level using allometric equations and compared NSC storage between these five species to determine the size and seasonal fluctuation of whole-tree total NSC budgets as well as the contribution of individual organs. Second, for four of these species, we assessed the radial patterns and seasonality of NSC concentrations in the stemwood based on contrasting wood anatomy (ring-porous vs. diffuse-porous).
Age of Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Four Tree Species at Harvard Forest 2015
We estimated the mean age of sugars within and between different organs of four temperate tree species using the radiocarbon (carbon-14) bomb spike approach. Radial patterns of carbon-14 in the stemwood and coarse roots showed that sugars tended to became older when moving towards the pith.
Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Defoliated Oaks in Central Massachusetts 2019-2020
Carbon starvation posits that defoliation- and drought-induced mortality results from drawing down stored nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs), but evidence is mixed and mortality is often observed prior to full drawdown of NSCs. We tested the relationship between defoliation severity, NSC drawdown, and tree mortality by measuring NSCs in mature oak trees defoliated by Lymantria dispar across a natural experimental gradient of defoliation severity. We collected stem and root samples from oaks (Quercus rubra and Q. alba) in interior forests (n=34) and forest edges (n=47) in central Massachusetts, USA. Total NSC (TNC; sugar + starch) stores were analyzed with respect to tree size, species, and defoliation severity, which ranged between 5 and 100%. Forest edge trees had higher TNC stores that were less sensitive to defoliation than interior forest trees. However, TNC stores declined significantly in both groups with increasingly severe defoliation. Furthermore, we observed a mortality threshold of 1.5% dry weight TNC. Our study draws a direct link between insect defoliation and TNC reserves and defines a TNC threshold below which mortality is highly likely. These findings advance understanding and improve model parametrization of tree response to insect outbreaks, an increasing threat with globalization and climate change.
Effects of Soil Warming on Bacterial Degradation of Carbohydrates at Harvard Forest 2011
As Earth’s climate warms, soil carbon pools and the microbes that process them may change, altering the way in which carbon is recycled in soil. We used bacterial cultivation to evaluate the hypothesis that experimentally raising soil temperatures by 5°C for 20 years increased the potential for temperate forest soil microbial communities to degrade carbohydrates. A greater proportion of the 295 bacteria from 6 phyla (10 classes, 14 orders, and 34 families) isolated from heated plots in the 20-year experiment were able to depolymerize cellulose and xylan than bacterial isolates from control soils. These findings indicate that the enrichment of bacteria capable of degrading carbohydrates could be important for accelerated carbon cycling in a warmer world. Data for the isolates from the Harvard Forest culturing project is archived at https://osf.io/ahb2v/.
Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Forest Trees at Harvard Forest 2007-2010
Forest trees accumulate and store surplus nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) as resources to be used to support future growth. This can be viewed as a conservative investment strategy, providing reserves that the tree can utilize in times of stress. NSC reserves are thus important in the context of forest responses to climate change, and forest ecosystem carbon cycling. At quarterly intervals over a three year period, we have monitored stemwood nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) reserves of the dominant tree species of New England at three sites along a forest composition gradient: an oak-dominated transition hardwood forest (Harvard Forest), a maple-beech-birch northern hardwood forest (Bartlett Experimental Forest), and a spruce-fir boreal transition forest (Howland Forest). Adding to recent evidence indicating that in mature forest trees the nonstructural carbohydrate pool is surprisingly large, our results suggest that this pool is also highly dynamic, and unexpectedly old. In most species, seasonal dynamics in starch (2-4x higher in the growing season, lower in the dormant season) mirrored those of sugars. This data set contains 3 y of quarterly NSC concentration measurements (stemwood starch and sugars - sucrose, glucose, fructose, raffinose, stachyose - in mg per g OD wood tissue) for red maple, eastern hemlock, and red oak at the Harvard Forest.
Forest Inventory for Tree Demography and Carbohydrate Reserves at Harvard Forest 2009-2011
The objective of this study is to establish a network of forest plots spanning the eastern U.S. focused on understanding how regional scale climate patterns affect patterns of tree demography (e.g. growth, mortality, dieback). Within each research site we also aim to understand the landscape-scale variability in demographic rates and how these rates are affected by edaphic variables by aligning plots along primary environmental gradients (elevation, soils, hydrology, fire return interval). The demographic data obtained will also be compared to regional and landscape-scale patterns in carbon reserves in adults and sapling by sampling root and stem concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) and relate these to demographic patterns, life-history traits, and plant C:N ratios. Besides addressing important ecological questions directly, this study is designed to improve the representations of vegetation dynamics and carbohydrate reserves in regional and landscape-scale forest ecosystem models--two of the least data-constrained processes in such models--by parameterizing and validating the modules for these processes in the Ecosystem Demography model (ED v2.1). This data set contains two years of census data for eight mapped plots distributed across Harvard Forest along the aforementioned primary environmental gradients.
Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Red Maple at Harvard Forest and Bartlett Forest 2011-2012
Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) are the primary products of photosynthesis, composed mostly of sugars and starch. Recent studies show that NSC pools in mature trees can be quite large and on average a decade old. Thus, NSC pools integrate years of carbon assimilation and represent significant ecological memory at the whole plant and ecosystem level. However, we know very little about how older stored NSC versus newly assimilated NSC are used to support growth and metabolism, or how available older NSC are to trees during stress or following disturbance. To better understand these potential lags in NSC allocation, we studied mature red maple (Acer rubrum) trees in two New England temperate forests. We determined stemwood concentrations of stored sugars and starch of five trees at each site. Applying the radiocarbon (14C) “bomb spike” approach, we estimated the age of carbon in stemwood NSC, ring cellulose, and bole respiration. We also collected stump sprouts regrowing from a separate set of recently harvested red maple trees at each site, and determined the radiocarbon age of this tissue. Our data show that younger NSC is preferentially used for growth and day-to-day metabolic demands. More recently stored NSC contributes to annual ring growth and metabolism in the dormant season. Older reserves are available to the tree after disturbance (e.g. harvesting).
Integration of sweet taste and metabolism determines carbohydrate reward-study 3
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Short-term consumption of sucralose with, but not without, carbohydrate impairs neural and metabolic sensitivity to sugar
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Hydrolysable carbohydrate data collected from the trace metal rosette in the Southern Ocean during the austral summer of 2016/2017, on board the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition.
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>Hydrolysable carbohydrate (referred to as TPZT from the analytical methodology used) is part of the labile pool of dissolved organic carbon that is excreted by most (micro)organisms or released by continental margins/sediments. It is a carbon source for heterotrophic bacteria. These carbohydrates could also potentially bind iron and act as an iron binding ligand.</p> <p>This data is used to explore the nature of iron ligands and relate to biological and chemical oceanography.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>ace_hydrolysable_carbohydrates_tpzt_data.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ace_hydrolysable_carbohydrates_tpzt_data_visual_summary.png, metadata, portable network graphics</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>change_log.txt</li> </ul> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This hydrolysable carbohydrate dataset from ACE is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p> <p><strong>Change log</strong></p> <p>v1.1 - permissions changed to open access (CC BY 4.0 license) and small changes</p> <ul> <li>add license to README.txt</li> <li>format of data_file_header.txt</li> <li>add Frictionless Data schema files</li> </ul> <p>v1.0 - initial release of dataset</p>
Direct imaging of carbohydrate stereochemistry structural dataset
<p>Dataset includes. </p> <ol> <li>Training data for the NequIP model (all_4NPxG_mod_E.extxyz) including structures, energies and force components.</li> <li>Zip file (4NPxG_training_run.zip) containing training parameters (config.yaml) and metrics (.csv files) and the deployed NequIP model (deployed_model.pth) used for minima hopping in the corresponding study.</li> <li>Bayesian Optimization Structure Search results for conformers (alpha/beta-4-Nitrophenyl-D-Galacturonide_opt.extxyz) and isolated adsorbates (alpha/beta_isolated_adsorbates_opt.extxyz) on Au(111). DFT relaxed structures.</li> <li>CREST NADG conformers (crest_conformers_alpha.extxyz). </li> <li>Initial monolayer structure relaxations (4NPaG/4NPbG_monolayer_relaxation_every_fifth.extxyz). Every fifth geometry from the relaxation.</li> <li>Results from NequIP minima hopping for monolayer structures as trajectory files (alpha/beta_minima_hopping_nequip.traj). Contains also protonated NADG structures (alpha_protonated_minima_hopping_nequip.traj).</li> <li>Final NADG and NBDG monolayer structures with Hartree potentials and STM images simulated with FHI-aims (Final_NADG/NBDG_hartree_potential.cube, Final_NADG/NBDG_stm_01.cube) with the z-maps (Final_NADG/NBDG_stm_z_map.cube) for creating STM image contrast.</li> </ol>
Monthly monitoring of Fluorescence, UV, Humic and non-Humic Carbon, Carbohydrates, and DOC for Shark River Slough, Taylor Slough, and Florida Bay, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER) for January 2002 to August 2004
A better understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in the Florida Coastal Everglades is a key issue regarding the restoration of the Everglades, which is expected to change the water quality throughout South Florida. In addition to rain, the main freshwater supply to Florida Bay will be derived from Taylor Slough and the C-111 Basin in the north-east section of the Bay. While it is known that these areas deliver significant amounts of nitrogen to the Bay, a significant portion of this nitrogen is in its dissolved organic form (DON). The sources, environmental fate and bioavailability to microorganisms of this DON are however, not known. Preliminary data suggest that although proteins have been detected in canal samples, labile dissolved organic matter (DOM) components were found to increase in abundance in the freshwater marshes compared to their levels in the adjacent canal waters. Leaching experiments of biomass showed the presence of such labile DOM. However, this DOM was found to be susceptible to both biodegradation and photodecomposition. In this study we will focus on the determination of the molecular characteristics of both DOM and DON and assess the bioavailability of these materials in transects ranging from the C-111 canal and Taylor Slough to the central part of Florida Bay. Relevant water quality and spectroscopic parameters will be monitored at 11 sites on a monthly basis, while six of these sites will be sampled biannually for DOM and DON chemical characterization and bioavailability studies. Advanced analytical techniques such as pyrolysis-GC/MS, FTIR, 13C- and 15N-NMR, gel electrophoresis and LC/MS will be used in the molecular characterization effort. We envisage that this study will allow for a better assessment of the sources of DON and its bioavailability in this system.
Non-structural carbohydrates and photosynthesis in boreal Scots pine and dwarf shrubs, in field and laboratory.
<p>The manuscript entitled "Non-structural carbohydrates and photosynthesis in boreal Scots pine and dwarf shrubs" used two set of data: Field data and Laboratory data</p> <p>##### 1. FIELD DATA:<br> We measured photosynthesis and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) content in adult Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), in boreal conditions at Hyytiaälä SMEAR II station in Sourthen Finland. In the folder "Field Data", you will find automatic CO2 exchange measurements by shoot chambers, dynamic parameters for the light response of photosynthesis, and needles´ non-structural carbohydrate content (NSC) in 2008, 2009 and 2015. See the readme file in the folder for further information.</p> <p> </p> <p>#### 2. LABORATORY DATA</p> <p>We measured the relationship between photosynthesis and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) content under stable laboratory conditions in three shrubs species:<br> i) evergreen lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.),<br> ii) evergreen heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull) and<br> iii) deciduous bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.).<br> The plants grew in chambers where we measured the CO2 gas exchange and estimated photosynthesis. After CO2 gas exhcnage measurements we sampled the leaves for NSC analyses. See the readme file in the folder for further information.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Multi-omic analysis of the Arabidopsis clock activator mutant rve 4 6 8 reveals connections to carbohydrate metabolism and proteasome regulation
<p>Plants are able to sense changes in their light environments, such as the onset of day and night, as well as anticipate these changes in order to adapt and survive. Central to this ability is the plant circadian clock, a molecular circuit that precisely orchestrates plant cell processes over the course of a day. REVEILLE proteins (RVEs) are recently discovered members of the plant circadian circuitry that activate the evening complex and PRR genes to maintain regular circadian oscillation. The RVE 8 protein and its two homologs, RVE 4 and 6, have been shown to limit the length of the circadian period, with rve 4 6 8 triple-knockout plants possessing an elongated period along with increased leaf surface area, biomass, cell size and delayed flowering relative to wild-type Col-0 plants. Here, using a multi-omics approach consisting of phenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics we draw novel connections between RVE8-like proteins and a number of core plant cell processes. In particular, we reveal that loss of RVE8-like proteins results in altered carbohydrate, organic acid and lipid metabolism, including a starch excess phenotype at dawn. We further demonstrate that rve 4 6 8 plants have lower levels of 20S proteasome subunits and possess significantly reduced proteasome activity, potentially explaining the increase in cell-size observed in RVE8-like mutants. Overall, this robust, multi-omic dataset, provides substantial new insights into the far reaching impact RVE8-like proteins have on the diel plant cell environment.<br> <br> This dataset has the raw search outputs for the mass-spec analysis for this manuscript. </p>
Nutrient controls on carbohydrate and lignin decomposition in beech litter
<p>Raw data for</p> <p>Nutrient controls on carbohydrate and lignin decomposition in beech litter</p> <p>Lukas Kohl, Wolfgang Wanek, Katharina Keiblinger, Ieda Hämmerle, Lucia Fuchslueger, Thomas Schneider, Katharina Riedel, Leo Eberl, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Andreas Richter</p> <p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116276</p>
Data for Water deficit and potassium affect carbon isotope composition in cassava bulk leaf material and extracted carbohydrates
<p>This repository contains data and scripts to reproduce results that are presented in the manuscript: Van Laere, J., Merckx, R., Hood-Nowotny, R., Dercon, G. (2023) Water deficit and potassium affect carbon isotope composition in cassava bulk leaf material and extracted carbohydrates. <em>Front. Plant Sci</em>. 14:1222558 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1222558</p>
Figure 1 in Circadian and seasonal variations in the metabolism of carbohydrates in Aegla ligulata (Crustacea: Anomura: Aeglidae)
Figure 1. Circadian and seasonal variations of haemolymphatic glucose levels in Aegla ligulata Bond-Buckup and Buckup, 1994, males and females. Data are given as mean ± SEM. The number of animals at each point varied between 15 and 20. The same letter denotes significantly different means (P<0.05). * denotes significantly different means of the spring (Sep, Oct and Nov), winter (Jun, Jul and Aug), summer (Dec, Jan and Feb) and autumn (Mar, Apr and May). Numbers 1, 2 and 3 stand for the collection times: 0600, 1200 and 1800 h, respectively.
Dataset - Production of polyhydroxybutyrates and carbohydrates in a mixed cyanobacterial culture: effect of nutrients limitation and photoperiods
<p>The data set attached is two excel files where the data from the article <strong>“</strong><strong>Production of polyhydroxybutyrates and carbohydrates in a mixed cyanobacterial culture: effect of nutrients limitation and photoperiods</strong>”, published in New Biotechnology (Vol. 42, 25<sup>th</sup> May 2018, 1-11), can be found, as well as the different equations and formulae that were used to obtain the published results.</p>
Carbohydrate vitrification in aerosolized saliva is associated with the humidity-dependent infectious potential of airborne coronavirus - Datasets
<p>Data includes:</p> <p>- WIBS files for each individual chamber run</p> <p>- RT-qPCR results</p> <p>- TCID50 results</p> <p>- Spreadsheet calculations</p> <p>- MOUDI results</p> <p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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