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FIGURE 6. Carpology. A in Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the 'Iris sensu latissimo' clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data

FIGURE 6. Carpology. A) Belamcanda chinensis, seeds black, long persistent on the central axis of fruit (photo: Stanislav Doronenko); B) Pardanthopsis dichotoma, seeds shortly winged (photo: Ken Walker); C) Gattenhofia verna var. smalliana, seeds with fleshy raphe and ribbed surface (photo: Ken Walker); D) Tectiris tectorum, seeds glossy, pyriform, apiculate, with inconspicuous aril (photo: Ken Walker); E) Evansia wattii, seeds matte, angulose, with small aril (photo: Dennis Kramb); F) Chamaeiris foetidissima, seeds reddish, persistent on valves of the opened fruit (photo: Ken Walker); G) Chamaeiris halophila, seeds with papery, loose testa (photo: David Pilling); H) Hermodactylus tuberosus, seeds globose with gelatinous aril (photo: Ken Walker); I) Lophiris cristata, seeds with long coiled appendage (photo: Jan Sacks); J) Zhaoanthus speculatrix, seeds with aril withering early as a wing (photo: Ken Walker); K) Phaeiris giganticaerulea, seeds large, flattened, with thickened, corky testa (photo: Robert R. Pries); L) Joniris uniflora, seeds with fleshy raphe vanishing on drying (photo: Robert R. Pries); M) Limniris sibirica, seeds discoidal, without aril, with subcorky testa (photo: Ken Walker); N) Rodionenkoa gracilipes, seeds with fleshy raphe and testa surface pitted (photo: Robert R. Pries); O) Junopsis collettii, seeds oblong with conspicuous whitish aril (photo: Ken Walker); P) Zhaoanthus koreanus, seeds globosecompressed, with fleshy raphe withering early as a wing (photo: Robert R. Pries); Q) Iris hoogiana, seeds with prominent aril and testa surface reticulate-wrinkled (photo: Robert R. Pries); R) Iris pumila, seeds without aril and testa surface reticulate-wrinkled (photo: Steve Hurst); S) Juno bucharica, seeds apiculate with fleshy appendage (photo: Ken Walker); T) Siphonostylis lazica, seeds angulose with testa surface covered with sessile glands (photo: Ken Walker). Scale bars in mm.

FIGURE 9 in Carpology of the genus Tragopogon L. (Asteraceae)

FIGURE 9. Cross section of outer achene body of T. coelesyriacus. Abbreviations: ac—air cavity, ie—inner epidermis, mt—mechanical tissue, oe—outer epidermis, pvb—pericarp vascular bundles (derivates), sc—seed coat, en—endosperm. Scale bars: 100 μm. Voucher of specimen: see caption of Fig. 7.

FIGURE 8 in Carpology of the genus Tragopogon L. (Asteraceae)

FIGURE 8. Cross section of outer achene base of T. coelesyriacus. Abbreviations: ac—air cavity, mt—mechanical tissue, oe—outer epidermis, p—parenchyma, s—seed. Scale bars: 100 μm. Voucher of specimen: see caption of Fig. 7.

FIGURE 7 in Carpology of the genus Tragopogon L. (Asteraceae)

FIGURE 7. Parenchyma with annular cell-wall thickenings of T. coelesyriacus. Scale bars: 20 μm. Voucher of specimen: Israel, Jerusalem, 04.2012, A. Sukhorukov (MW).

FIGURE 6 in Carpology of the genus Tragopogon L. (Asteraceae)

FIGURE 6. Tongue-shaped ornamentation of outer-achene beak surface of T. badachschanicus. Scale bars: 100 μm. Voucher of specimen: see caption of Fig. 5.

FIGURE 4 in Carpology of the genus Tragopogon L. (Asteraceae)

FIGURE 4. Cross section of outer achene base (A), outer achene body of (B, C, D), outer achene beak of (E, F). A, C, E—T. coloratus, B—T. albinervis, D—T. dasyrhynchus, F—T. dubius. Abbreviations: ac—air cavity, co—cotyledons, cvb—cotyledon's vascular bundles, ie—inner epidermis, mt—mechanical tissue, o—ornamentation (stout multistage conglomerations), oe—outer epidermis, p—parenchyma, pvb—pericarp vascular bundles (derivates), r—ribs, sc—seed coat. Scale bars: A–D—1 mm, E–F—0.1 mm. Voucher of specimens: T. coloratus: Armenia, distr. Kafansky, Chekhi river, 07.1957, V. Alper 962 (MW); T. albinervis: Turkey, prov. Erzurum, Tortum Gol, 07.1960, Stainton & Henderson 6116 (W-07775); T. dasyrhynchus: Russia, prov. Tambov, Kirsanov, 08.1995, A. Sukhorukov s.n. (MW); T. dubius: Russia, prov. Tambov, distr. Umyot, Sergievka, 06.2008, A. Sukhorukov s.n. (MW).

FIGURE 3 in Carpology of the genus Tragopogon L. (Asteraceae)

FIGURE 3. Image of T. dubius. Flowers yellow. Central Russia, Tambov Province, Umyot distr. 05.2012. Photographer A. Sukhorukov.

FIGURE 10 in Carpology of the genus Tragopogon L. (Asteraceae)

FIGURE 10. Cross section of outer achene beak of T. coelesyriacus. Abbreviations: mt—mechanical tissue, oe—outer epidermis, p— parenchyma, r—ribs. Scale bars: 100 μm. Voucher of specimen: see caption of Fig. 7.

FIGURE 1 in Carpology of the genus Tragopogon L. (Asteraceae)

FIGURE 1. Image of Tragopogon gracilis. Yellow coloured adaxial and mauve abaxial flower surfaces. Central Nepal, Mustang Province, Larjung village. 04.2009. Photographer A.Sukhorukov.

FIGURE 2 in Carpology of the genus Tragopogon L. (Asteraceae)

FIGURE 2. Image of T. coelesyriacus. Flowers mauve. Israel, Jerusalem. 04.2012. Photographer A.Sukhorukov.

FIGURE 5 in Carpology of the genus Tragopogon L. (Asteraceae)

FIGURE 5. Tongue-shaped ornamentation of outer-achene body of T. badachschanicus. Scale bars: 100 μm. Voucher of specimen: [Tajikistan] Kaindy river, Suyak-Mazar, 08.1958, N.N. Tzvelev 1473 (LE).

FIGURE 12 in Carpology of the genus Tragopogon L. (Asteraceae)

FIGURE 12. Cross section of inner achene body of G. hybridus (A), close-up view (B). Seed deleted. Abbreviations: ac—air cavity, mt—mechanical tissue, oe—outer epidermis, p—parenchyma. Scale bars: A—200 μm, B—100 μm. Voucher of specimens: see caption of Fig. 11.

FIGURE 11 in Carpology of the genus Tragopogon L. (Asteraceae)

FIGURE 11. Ornamentation of outer achene body of Geropogon hybridus. Scale bars: 100 μm. Voucher of specimen: Morocco, 04.1989, G. Blanca & al. 39881 (dry fruits from the field).

FIGURE 5 in Rediscovery and reinstatement of Heracleum amanum (Apiaceae) based on morphological and carpological data

FIGURE 5. Micrographs of the mericarps cross-sections. A) Heracleum crenatifolium; B) H. amanum; DV) dorsal vittae; CV) commissural vittae; EN) endosperm; P) pericarp.

FIGURE 4 in Rediscovery and reinstatement of Heracleum amanum (Apiaceae) based on morphological and carpological data

FIGURE 4. Photomicrographs of the mericarps cross-sections: A) Heracleum crenatifolium; B) H. amanum. DV) dorsal vittae; CV) commissural vittae; EN) endosperm; P) pericarp.

FIGURE 7 in Rediscovery and reinstatement of Heracleum amanum (Apiaceae) based on morphological and carpological data

FIGURE 7. SEM micrographs of cross-sections of mericarps of Heracleum crenatifolium (A) and H. amanum (B). DV) dorsal vittae; CV) commissural vittae; EN) endosperm; P) pericarp.

FIGURE 3 in Rediscovery and reinstatement of Heracleum amanum (Apiaceae) based on morphological and carpological data

FIGURE 3. Mericarps of Heracleum crenatifolium (X) and H. amanum (Y). A) dorsal surface; B) commissural surface.

FIGURE 6 in Rediscovery and reinstatement of Heracleum amanum (Apiaceae) based on morphological and carpological data

FIGURE 6. Cross-sections of the mericarps under the light microscope of Heracleum crenatifolium (A) and H. amanum (B). EN) endosperm; DV) dorsal vittae; CV) commissural vittae; P) commissural pericarp.