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11 results for “cave cockroaches”
Data for dating in the dark: Elevated substitution rates in cave cockroaches (Blattodea: Nocticolidae) have negative impacts on molecular date estimates
<p>Rates of nucleotide substitution vary substantially across the Tree of Life, with potentially confounding effects on phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses. A large acceleration in mitochondrial substitution rate occurs in the cockroach family Nocticolidae, which predominantly inhabit subterranean environments. To evaluate the impacts of this among-lineage rate heterogeneity on estimates of phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary timescales, we analysed nuclear ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and mitochondrial genomes from nocticolids and other cockroaches. Substitution rates were substantially elevated in nocticolid lineages compared with other cockroaches, especially in mitochondrial protein-coding genes. This disparity in evolutionary rates is likely to have led to different evolutionary relationships being supported by mitochondrial genomes and UCE loci. Furthermore, analyses using relaxed-clock models inferred much deeper divergence times compared with a flexible local clock. Our phylogenetic analysis of UCEs, which is the first genome-scale study to include all nine major cockroach families, unites Corydiidae and Nocticolidae and places Anaplectidae as the sister lineage to the rest of Blattoidea. We uncover an extraordinary level of genetic divergence in Nocticolidae, including two highly distinct clades that separated ~115 million years ago despite both containing representatives of the genus <em>Nocticola</em>. The results of our study highlight the potential impacts of high among-lineage rate variation on estimates of phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary timescales.</p>
Data for dating in the dark: Elevated substitution rates in cave cockroaches (Blattodea: Nocticolidae) have negative impacts on molecular date estimates
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FIGURES 1–9 in Miroblatta baai, a new very large cockroach species from caves of Borneo (Blattaria: Blaberidae)
FIGURES 1–9. Miroblatta baai sp. nov..; 1. Adult male habitus; 2. Male pronotum; 3. Male forewing; 4. male hind wing (at rest, folded into two parts with the vannus flat); 5. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 6. Apex of sclerite L1 of male genitalia; 7. Right phallomere (cleft) of male genitalia; 8. Ventral view of the posterior part of male abdomen with cerci, subgenital plate and posterior margin of supraanal plate; 9. Ventral view of the posterior part of female abdomen with cerci, subgenital plate and posterior margin of supraanal plate; L1, L2d (hook), R2 (cleft), R3d, R3v, N: sclerites of male genitalia; sgp: subgenital plate; sap: supraanal plate; st: stylus.
FIGS 4 in species of Australian cockroaches in the genus Paratemnopteryx Saussure (Blattaria, Blattellidae, Blattellinae), and a discussion of some behavioural observations with respect to the evolution and ecology of cave life
FIGS 4±8. Paratemnopteryx kookabinnensi s sp. n., male: (4) pronotum; (5) right tegmen; (6) setal gland on ®rst abdominal tergum; (7) supraanal plate and paraprocts, ventral view; (8) subgenital plate, styles, and phallomeres, dorsal view. Scale bars represent 1 mm.
FIGS 9 in species of Australian cockroaches in the genus Paratemnopteryx Saussure (Blattaria, Blattellidae, Blattellinae), and a discussion of some behavioural observations with respect to the evolution and ecology of cave life
FIGS 9±13. Paratemnopteryx rosensis sp. n., male: (9) right tegmen; (10) right hind wing; (11) setal gland on seventh abdominal tergum; (12) supraanal plate and paraprocts, ventral view; (13) subgenital plate, styles, and phallomeres, dorsal view. Scale bars represent 1 mm.
FIGS. 1 in species of Australian cockroaches in the genus Paratemnopteryx Saussure (Blattaria, Blattellidae, Blattellinae), and a discussion of some behavioural observations with respect to the evolution and ecology of cave life
FIGS. 1±3. (1) Paratemnopteryx broomehillensis Roth, male, hind margin of supraanal plate with deep U-shaped indentation, dorsal view. (2) Pronotum widest near the middle e.g. Paratemnopteryx suOEuscula Roth, male, dorsal view. (3) Hind margin of supraanal plate rounded or convex e.g. Paratemnopteryx atra Princis, male, dorsal view. Scale bars represent 1 mm.
Figure 3 from: Lucañas CC, Lit IL Jr. (2016) Cockroaches (Insecta, Blattodea) from caves of Polillo Island (Philippines), with description of a new species. Subterranean Biology 19: 51-64. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.19.9804
Figure 3 - Pycnoscelus striatus (Kirby, 1903): A Adult female B adult male C head D prothoracic leg E tarsal claws F male genitalia (st: right style; L1-2: left phallomere sclerites; L2d: L2 dorsal; L2vm: L2 ventromedial/ median sclerite; R2: right phallomere sclerite) G male supraanal plate.
Figure 1 from: Lucañas CC, Lit IL Jr. (2016) Cockroaches (Insecta, Blattodea) from caves of Polillo Island (Philippines), with description of a new species. Subterranean Biology 19: 51-64. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.19.9804
Figure 1 - Nocticola gonzalezi Lucañas & Lit, sp. n.: A Adult male B adult female C male head, lateral aspect D Prothoracic leg E male genitalia: (L1-3: sclerites of left phallomere; L2d: L2 dorsal; L2v: L2 ventral; R1-3: sclerites of right phallomere; vph: ventral phallomere) F female subgenital plate G male and H female habitus.
Figure 2 from: Lucañas CC, Lit IL Jr. (2016) Cockroaches (Insecta, Blattodea) from caves of Polillo Island (Philippines), with description of a new species. Subterranean Biology 19: 51-64. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.19.9804
Figure 2 - Periplaneta banksi Hanitsch, 1931: A Adult female B head C prothoracic leg D tarsal claws E male genitalia: (L1-3: left phallomere sclerites; L2v: L2 ventral sclerite; R1-3: right phallomere sclerite; vph: ventral phallomere) F L2v close-up G male supra-anal plate H female subgenital plate.
Figure 4 from: Lucañas CC, Lit IL Jr. (2016) Cockroaches (Insecta, Blattodea) from caves of Polillo Island (Philippines), with description of a new species. Subterranean Biology 19: 51-64. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.19.9804
Figure 4 - Other cave cockroaches from Polillo Island, Quezon: A Blaberidae: Pycnoscelus sp. D adult female B Ectobiidae: Shelfordina sp., adult female C Hemithyrsocera sp., early instar nymph.
FIGS 14 in species of Australian cockroaches in the genus Paratemnopteryx Saussure (Blattaria, Blattellidae, Blattellinae), and a discussion of some behavioural observations with respect to the evolution and ecology of cave life
FIGS 14±17. Paratemnopteryx weinsteini sp. n., male: (14) right tegmen; (15) supraanal plate and paraprocts, ventral view; (16) subgenital plate, styles, and phallomeres, dorsal view. Female: (17) ooÈtheca. Scale bars represent 1 mm.
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