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Fig.ç6.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 1 and 2, ventral view; B, segments 4 and 5, ventral view. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco1, glandular cell outlet type I; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; lvt, lateroventral tubule; pac, pachycyclus; pf, pectinate fringe; rss, rounded sensory spot. in A New Brackish-water Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig.ç6.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 1 and 2, ventral view; B, segments 4 and 5, ventral view. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco1, glandular cell outlet type I; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; lvt, lateroventral tubule; pac, pachycyclus; pf, pectinate fringe; rss, rounded sensory spot.

Fig.ç5.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 1 and 2, dorsal view; B, segment 4, dorsal view. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco1, glandular cell outlet type I; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; mds, middorsal spine; pac, pachycyclus; pf, pectinate fringe; ps, perforation site; rss, rounded sensory spot. in A New Brackish-water Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig.ç5.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 1 and 2, dorsal view; B, segment 4, dorsal view. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco1, glandular cell outlet type I; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; mds, middorsal spine; pac, pachycyclus; pf, pectinate fringe; ps, perforation site; rss, rounded sensory spot.

Fig.ç7.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., paratype, female (ZIHU 3980), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 5 and 6, ventral view; B, segments 8 and 9, ventral view. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; lvt, lateroventral tubule; si, sieve plate; sp, sternal plate; tp, tergal plate. in A New Brackish-water Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig.ç7.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., paratype, female (ZIHU 3980), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 5 and 6, ventral view; B, segments 8 and 9, ventral view. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; lvt, lateroventral tubule; si, sieve plate; sp, sternal plate; tp, tergal plate.

Fig.ç3.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs. A, B, Paratype, female (ZIHU 3983); C–E, paratype, male (ZIHU 3982). A, General habitus, lateral view; B, neck and segments 1–4, lateral view; C, enlargement of segment 7, lateral view; D, enlargement of segment 9, lateral view; E, enlargement of segments 10 and 11, lateroventral view. Abbreviations: ch, cuticular hair; dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; ldt, laterodorsal tubule; pf, pectinate fringe; po, pore; ps1, penile spine 1; ps2, penile spine 2; ps3, penile spine 3; rss, rounded sensory spot; si, sieve plate; ss, sensory spot. in A New Brackish-water Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig.ç3.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs. A, B, Paratype, female (ZIHU 3983); C–E, paratype, male (ZIHU 3982). A, General habitus, lateral view; B, neck and segments 1–4, lateral view; C, enlargement of segment 7, lateral view; D, enlargement of segment 9, lateral view; E, enlargement of segments 10 and 11, lateroventral view. Abbreviations: ch, cuticular hair; dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; ldt, laterodorsal tubule; pf, pectinate fringe; po, pore; ps1, penile spine 1; ps2, penile spine 2; ps3, penile spine 3; rss, rounded sensory spot; si, sieve plate; ss, sensory spot.

Fig.ç2.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., camera lucida drawings. A, B, Holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), entire animal, dorsal and ventral view, respectively; C, D, allotype, female (ZIHU 3977), segments 9–11, dorsal and ventral view, respectively. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco1, glandular cell outlet type I; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; ldt, laterodorsal tubule; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvt, lateroventral tubule; mds, middorsal spine; ne, neck; ps, penile spine; rss, rounded sensory spot; si, sieve plate. in A New Brackish-water Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig.ç2.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., camera lucida drawings. A, B, Holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), entire animal, dorsal and ventral view, respectively; C, D, allotype, female (ZIHU 3977), segments 9–11, dorsal and ventral view, respectively. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco1, glandular cell outlet type I; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; ldt, laterodorsal tubule; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvt, lateroventral tubule; mds, middorsal spine; ne, neck; ps, penile spine; rss, rounded sensory spot; si, sieve plate.

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Рис. 2. Продольный (А–Д) и поперечный (Е–З) среЗы череЗ наружный покров ноги моллюска с раЗными типами складок: А, Б – Широкие складки в виде плато, В, Г – длинные иЗвилистые складки, Д, Е – складки с округлыми и бокаловидными клетками в субЭпителиальном слое, Ж, З – слабовыраженные складки с больШими полостЯми (синусами) длЯ гемолимфы под субЭпителиальным слоем. МасШтабные линейки 200 мкм (А, В, Ж, З) и 100 мкм (Б, Г–Е). вК – клетки с вакуолЯми, сэ – субЭпителиальный слой, БК – бокаловиднаЯ клетка, сг – синусы длЯ гемолимфы, ф – фолликулы, а – ацинусы. Fig. 2. Saggital (А–Д) and transverse (Е–З) sections of pedal integument with different types of plicae: А, Б – broad plateau-shaped plicae, В, Г – long, tortuous plicae, Д, Е – plicae with round and goblet cells in the subepithelial layer, Ж, З – mild plicae with large cavities (sinuses) for hemolymph under subepithelial layer. Scale bars 200 µm (А, В, Ж, З) and 100 µm (Б, Г–Е). вК – cells with vacuoles, сэ – subepithelial layer, БК – goblet cell, сг – sinuses for hemolymph, ф – follicles, а – acini. in Nodularia vladivostokensis (Bivalvia: Unionidae) from Razdolnaya River (Primorye, Russia)

Рис. 2. Продольный (А–Д) и поперечный (Е–З) среЗы череЗ наружный покров ноги моллюска с раЗными типами складок: А, Б – Широкие складки в виде плато, В, Г – длинные иЗвилистые складки, Д, Е – складки с округлыми и бокаловидными клетками в субЭпителиальном слое, Ж, З – слабовыраженные складки с больШими полостЯми (синусами) длЯ гемолимфы под субЭпителиальным слоем. МасШтабные линейки 200 мкм (А, В, Ж, З) и 100 мкм (Б, Г–Е). вК – клетки с вакуолЯми, сэ – субЭпителиальный слой, БК – бокаловиднаЯ клетка, сг – синусы длЯ гемолимфы, ф – фолликулы, а – ацинусы. Fig. 2. Saggital (А–Д) and transverse (Е–З) sections of pedal integument with different types of plicae: А, Б – broad plateau-shaped plicae, В, Г – long, tortuous plicae, Д, Е – plicae with round and goblet cells in the subepithelial layer, Ж, З – mild plicae with large cavities (sinuses) for hemolymph under subepithelial layer. Scale bars 200 µm (А, В, Ж, З) and 100 µm (Б, Г–Е). вК – cells with vacuoles, сэ – subepithelial layer, БК – goblet cell, сг – sinuses for hemolymph, ф – follicles, а – acini.

Text-fig. 6. Scanning electron micrographs of seeds of ericalean affinity (a–d) and seeds of uncertain affinity (e–i) from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Protovisnea sp. 1, rounded seed with the narrow elongate seed cavity flanked by two bulging regions of larger cells, no. NM-F 3177; b: Protovisnea sp. 2, angular seed with the narrow elongate seed cavity flanked by two bulging regions of larger cells, no. NM-F 3179; c, d: Eurya crassitesta, one seed split into two parts, no. NM-F 3211, c – surface cells of the seed coat are palisade, d – cross-section of the seed; e: Nympheaceae sp. 1, seed, no. NM-F 3636; f: Nympheaceae sp. 2, seed, no. NM-F 4634; g: Klikovispermum sp.1, seeds with irregular outline and smooth outer surface, no. NM-F 3203; h: Klikovispermum malechii, seed with an orange-segment shape, no. NM-F 3299; i: Taxon 35, seed, no. NM-F 3236. in Plant Mesofossils From The Late Cretaceous Klikov Formation, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 6. Scanning electron micrographs of seeds of ericalean affinity (a–d) and seeds of uncertain affinity (e–i) from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Protovisnea sp. 1, rounded seed with the narrow elongate seed cavity flanked by two bulging regions of larger cells, no. NM-F 3177; b: Protovisnea sp. 2, angular seed with the narrow elongate seed cavity flanked by two bulging regions of larger cells, no. NM-F 3179; c, d: Eurya crassitesta, one seed split into two parts, no. NM-F 3211, c – surface cells of the seed coat are palisade, d – cross-section of the seed; e: Nympheaceae sp. 1, seed, no. NM-F 3636; f: Nympheaceae sp. 2, seed, no. NM-F 4634; g: Klikovispermum sp.1, seeds with irregular outline and smooth outer surface, no. NM-F 3203; h: Klikovispermum malechii, seed with an orange-segment shape, no. NM-F 3299; i: Taxon 35, seed, no. NM-F 3236.

Text-fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of non-angiosperm remains (a–d) and insect remains (e–f) from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Eopolytrichium sp. small leafy shoot, no. NM-F 3631; b: Taxon 1, single tip of a young fern frond with circinate vernation, no. NM-F 4130; c: Taxon 2, fern with simple leaves and circinate vernation, no. NM-F 3459; d: Pagiophyllum sp., small needle-like leaf, no. NM-F 4132; e: Microcarpolithes hexagonalis, a faecal pellet/coprolite with subcylindrical shape, no. NMF 4520; f: Palaeoaldrovanda splendens, pieces of compact walls formed by rectangular cells, no. NM-F 3237. in Plant Mesofossils From The Late Cretaceous Klikov Formation, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of non-angiosperm remains (a–d) and insect remains (e–f) from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Eopolytrichium sp. small leafy shoot, no. NM-F 3631; b: Taxon 1, single tip of a young fern frond with circinate vernation, no. NM-F 4130; c: Taxon 2, fern with simple leaves and circinate vernation, no. NM-F 3459; d: Pagiophyllum sp., small needle-like leaf, no. NM-F 4132; e: Microcarpolithes hexagonalis, a faecal pellet/coprolite with subcylindrical shape, no. NMF 4520; f: Palaeoaldrovanda splendens, pieces of compact walls formed by rectangular cells, no. NM-F 3237.

Text-fig. 5. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Transverse sections of flower (a, orthoslice xy0665 close to the apex of placenta; b, orthoslice xy0800 in middle part of placenta) showing remains of calyx with distinct bundles (arrows), ovary wall (ow) and numerous ovules (ov) on the central mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) with central column (cc). c: Transverse section of flower (orthoslice xy0620) through perianth and ovary (ow) at a level above the placenta showing ovules (ov) and cellular preservation of the sepal bundles (arrows shown for one sepal); note abaxial surface of sepals with thick-walled epidermal cells, thick cuticle, and fine pointed verrucae. d: Longitudinal section of flower (orthoslice xz0500) showing perigynous position of calyx and semi-inferior ovary (ow, ovary wall) with a central placenta (pl), central column (cc) and numerous ovules (ov); note spiny verrucae on abaxial surface of calyx lobes. Specimens, Mira 100-S153145 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c, d, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–d). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 5. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Transverse sections of flower (a, orthoslice xy0665 close to the apex of placenta; b, orthoslice xy0800 in middle part of placenta) showing remains of calyx with distinct bundles (arrows), ovary wall (ow) and numerous ovules (ov) on the central mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) with central column (cc). c: Transverse section of flower (orthoslice xy0620) through perianth and ovary (ow) at a level above the placenta showing ovules (ov) and cellular preservation of the sepal bundles (arrows shown for one sepal); note abaxial surface of sepals with thick-walled epidermal cells, thick cuticle, and fine pointed verrucae. d: Longitudinal section of flower (orthoslice xz0500) showing perigynous position of calyx and semi-inferior ovary (ow, ovary wall) with a central placenta (pl), central column (cc) and numerous ovules (ov); note spiny verrucae on abaxial surface of calyx lobes. Specimens, Mira 100-S153145 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c, d, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–d).

Text-fig. 7. SEM (a) and SRXTM (b–e) images of Miranthus kvacekii sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a: Lateral view of flower bud showing corolla lobes extending beyond calyx; note surface of pedicel, calyx and corolla with small equiaxial epidermal cells and indumentum of densely spaced, short stiff trichomes. b, c: Longitudinal sections through floral bud in two directions perpendicular to each other (a, orthoslice yz1024; b, orthoslice xz0950) showing corolla (co), calyx (ca), stamens (st) and semi-inferior ovary with thin ovary wall (ow) and central mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) bearing numerous ovules (ov). d, e: Transverse sections through floral bud above placenta (d, orthoslice xy0915; e, orthoslice xy1095) showing calyx (ca), corolla (co), ovary wall (ow) and ovules (ov); yellow outlines indicate the positions of anthers (d) and filaments (e); orange outlines indicate the position of three of the possible staminodes. Specimen, Mira 100-S170157 (a–e, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–c), 300 µm (d, e). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 7. SEM (a) and SRXTM (b–e) images of Miranthus kvacekii sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a: Lateral view of flower bud showing corolla lobes extending beyond calyx; note surface of pedicel, calyx and corolla with small equiaxial epidermal cells and indumentum of densely spaced, short stiff trichomes. b, c: Longitudinal sections through floral bud in two directions perpendicular to each other (a, orthoslice yz1024; b, orthoslice xz0950) showing corolla (co), calyx (ca), stamens (st) and semi-inferior ovary with thin ovary wall (ow) and central mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) bearing numerous ovules (ov). d, e: Transverse sections through floral bud above placenta (d, orthoslice xy0915; e, orthoslice xy1095) showing calyx (ca), corolla (co), ovary wall (ow) and ovules (ov); yellow outlines indicate the positions of anthers (d) and filaments (e); orange outlines indicate the position of three of the possible staminodes. Specimen, Mira 100-S170157 (a–e, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–c), 300 µm (d, e).

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Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, g–n: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. c–f: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). i–n: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–f), (i–k), 1 mm in (g), 2 mm in (h), 3 mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, g–n: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. c–f: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). i–n: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–f), (i–k), 1 mm in (g), 2 mm in (h), 3 mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k).

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Text-fig. 4. Charred grass from diatomite of Saint-Bauzile. a: Overview of diatomite slab with one larger specimen of charred grass (left) and several smaller, lath-shaped charcoal fragments; SM.B 22260; scale bar = 1 cm. b: Detail of vein exhibited on split grass blade, with stomata oriented parallel to vein. c: Stomata oriented in rows and bands parallel to veins exposed on split grass blade. d: Surface of grass leaf with rectangular, elongated cells with strongly undulating margins in an intercostal area. in Evidence For Wildfires During Deposition Of The Late Miocene Diatomites Of The Konservat-Lagerstätte Lake Saint-Bauzile (Ardèche, France) - Preliminary Results

Text-fig. 4. Charred grass from diatomite of Saint-Bauzile. a: Overview of diatomite slab with one larger specimen of charred grass (left) and several smaller, lath-shaped charcoal fragments; SM.B 22260; scale bar = 1 cm. b: Detail of vein exhibited on split grass blade, with stomata oriented parallel to vein. c: Stomata oriented in rows and bands parallel to veins exposed on split grass blade. d: Surface of grass leaf with rectangular, elongated cells with strongly undulating margins in an intercostal area.

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◂Fig. 1 Morphology of thecate and coccoid cells, with labelled thecal plates. a–c, i, m Light microscopy, d–h, k–l scanning electron microscopy. a Ventral view of strain GeoM788; b dorsal view of strain GeoM793; c apical view of strain GeoK044; d ventral view of strain GeoK037; e dorsal view of strain GeoM788; f apical view of strain GeoK024, with the dehiscence of epithecal opening indicated by a blue line; g antapical view of strain GeoK044; h leftlateral view of strain GeoM866; i motile cell of strain GeoK037; k–m coccoid cells showing variability in shape and size of strains k GeoM866, l GeoM793 and m GeoK024. Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, Sa: anterior sulcal plate, Sd: right sulcal plate, Sp: posterior sulcal plate. Ss: left sulcal plate. Scale bar: 10 µm. UA: 15 kV in Morphological and molecular variability of Peridinium volzii Lemmerm. (Peridiniaceae, Dinophyceae) and its relevance for infraspecific taxonomy

◂Fig. 1 Morphology of thecate and coccoid cells, with labelled thecal plates. a–c, i, m Light microscopy, d–h, k–l scanning electron microscopy. a Ventral view of strain GeoM*788; b dorsal view of strain GeoM*793; c apical view of strain GeoK*044; d ventral view of strain GeoK*037; e dorsal view of strain GeoM*788; f apical view of strain GeoK*024, with the dehiscence of epithecal opening indicated by a blue line; g antapical view of strain GeoK*044; h leftlateral view of strain GeoM*866; i motile cell of strain GeoK*037; k–m coccoid cells showing variability in shape and size of strains k GeoM*866, l GeoM*793 and m GeoK*024. Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, Sa: anterior sulcal plate, Sd: right sulcal plate, Sp: posterior sulcal plate. Ss: left sulcal plate. Scale bar: 10 µm. UA: 15 kV

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Text-fig. 54. Scanning electron microscope (SEM; a–e, g, h) and synchrotron x-ray microscopy (SRXTM; f, i) images of unnamed angiosperm fruits and seeds; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Follicle sp. 1, narrow elongate follicle with sessile and decurrent stigma; b) Follicle sp. 2, broad, dehisced follicle with elongate and transverse fibers lining the locule; c) Angiosperm seed sp. 1 with thin, smooth seed coat; d) Angiosperm seed sp. 2 with verrucate seed coat; e) Angiosperm seed sp. 3 with exotestal and foveolate seed coat; f) Angiosperm seed sp. 4 with smooth seed coat; g, h) Angiosperm seed sp. 5 with raised epidermal cells forming a reticulate pattern; i) Wedge-shaped angiosperm fruit with remains of floral parts near apex. Specimens, TV43-S136726 (a), TV44-S148144 (b), TV43-S170074 (c), TV43-S136747 (d), TV43-S170073 (e), TV38-S174615 (f), TV44-S148003 (g), TV44-S148004 (h), TV43-S174685 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–i). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 54. Scanning electron microscope (SEM; a–e, g, h) and synchrotron x-ray microscopy (SRXTM; f, i) images of unnamed angiosperm fruits and seeds; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Follicle sp. 1, narrow elongate follicle with sessile and decurrent stigma; b) Follicle sp. 2, broad, dehisced follicle with elongate and transverse fibers lining the locule; c) Angiosperm seed sp. 1 with thin, smooth seed coat; d) Angiosperm seed sp. 2 with verrucate seed coat; e) Angiosperm seed sp. 3 with exotestal and foveolate seed coat; f) Angiosperm seed sp. 4 with smooth seed coat; g, h) Angiosperm seed sp. 5 with raised epidermal cells forming a reticulate pattern; i) Wedge-shaped angiosperm fruit with remains of floral parts near apex. Specimens, TV43-S136726 (a), TV44-S148144 (b), TV43-S170074 (c), TV43-S136747 (d), TV43-S170073 (e), TV38-S174615 (f), TV44-S148003 (g), TV44-S148004 (h), TV43-S174685 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–i).

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Text-fig. 5. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype (S174178; Vale de Agua sample 141) in lateral view showing shape and cell pattern; remains of mounting media (¤). b) Cut volume rendering of seed (cut at yz0553) showing the slightly raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) and palisade-shaped cells of exotesta. c) Apical view of seed showing hilar depression (hi), position of micropylar slit (mi) and the slightly raised raphal ridge (ra). d) Seed in lateral view showing raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) (S174495, Vale de Água sample 300). e) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0500) of the seed in (5d) showing the raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum and sclerenchyma cells of exotesta. f) Detail of seed in (5d) showing micropylar slit (mi), hilum (hi) and raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum. g, h) Seed in lateral view (g) and view towards raphe (h) showing seed shape, the raised tissue below hilum (arrow head) and the raphal ridge (ra); note pointed micropylar area (S174179, Vale de Água sample 141). i) Seed surface of seed in (5d) showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–e, g, h); 125 µm (f, i). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 5. Reyispermum parvum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a) Holotype (S174178; Vale de Agua sample 141) in lateral view showing shape and cell pattern; remains of mounting media (¤). b) Cut volume rendering of seed (cut at yz0553) showing the slightly raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) and palisade-shaped cells of exotesta. c) Apical view of seed showing hilar depression (hi), position of micropylar slit (mi) and the slightly raised raphal ridge (ra). d) Seed in lateral view showing raised tissue immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum (arrow head) (S174495, Vale de Água sample 300). e) Cut volume rendering (cut at yz0500) of the seed in (5d) showing the raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum and sclerenchyma cells of exotesta. f) Detail of seed in (5d) showing micropylar slit (mi), hilum (hi) and raised tissue (arrow head) immediately adjacent to the lower edge of the hilum. g, h) Seed in lateral view (g) and view towards raphe (h) showing seed shape, the raised tissue below hilum (arrow head) and the raphal ridge (ra); note pointed micropylar area (S174179, Vale de Água sample 141). i) Seed surface of seed in (5d) showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells. Scale bars = 250 µm (a–e, g, h); 125 µm (f, i).

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Text-fig. 1. Gastonispermum portugallicum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). Note remains of mounting media on several seeds (¤). a) Seed in oblique view showing seed shape, the slightly raised raphal ridge and the position of hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) on the raphal side of the seed (S170218). b, c) Seeds in lateral view (b, S170234; c, S175095). d–f) Holotype (S174820); seed in lateral view (d) and cut volume rendering (e, f) through the median plane of the seed showing palisade-shaped sclerenchyma cells of exotesta and remains of embryo (emb) and surrounding nutritive tissue (e, cut between yz0440-0530; f, cut between slices yz440-480). g) Hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) of seed in (1a) showing the Y-shaped micropylar slit in the outer integument. h) Cut volume rendering through the median plane of the seed (cut at yz0492) showing seed coat mainly composed of palisade-shaped cells of the exotesta (S174435). i) Seed surface showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (S175045). Scale bars = 500 µm (a–e); 250 µm (g); 125 µm (f, i). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal

Text-fig. 1. Gastonispermum portugallicum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). Note remains of mounting media on several seeds (¤). a) Seed in oblique view showing seed shape, the slightly raised raphal ridge and the position of hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) on the raphal side of the seed (S170218). b, c) Seeds in lateral view (b, S170234; c, S175095). d–f) Holotype (S174820); seed in lateral view (d) and cut volume rendering (e, f) through the median plane of the seed showing palisade-shaped sclerenchyma cells of exotesta and remains of embryo (emb) and surrounding nutritive tissue (e, cut between yz0440-0530; f, cut between slices yz440-480). g) Hilum (hi) and micropyle (mi) of seed in (1a) showing the Y-shaped micropylar slit in the outer integument. h) Cut volume rendering through the median plane of the seed (cut at yz0492) showing seed coat mainly composed of palisade-shaped cells of the exotesta (S174435). i) Seed surface showing the raised outlines of the undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (S175045). Scale bars = 500 µm (a–e); 250 µm (g); 125 µm (f, i).