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238 results for “cephalic”
Data from: Foraging mode constrains the evolution of cephalic horns in lizards and snakes
<p>A phylogenetically diverse minority of snake and lizard species exhibit rostral and ocular appendages that substantially modify the shape of their heads. These cephalic horns have evolved multiple times in diverse squamate lineages, enabling comparative tests of hypotheses on the benefits and costs of these distinctive traits. Here, we demonstrate correlated evolution between the occurrence of horns and foraging mode. We argue that although horns may be beneficial for various functions (e.g., camouflage, defence) in animals that move infrequently, they make active foragers more conspicuous to prey and predators, and hence are maladaptive. We therefore expected horns to be more common in species that ambush prey (entailing low movement rates) rather than in actively searching (frequently moving) species. Consistent with that hypothesis, our phylogenetic comparative analysis of published data on 1,939 species reveals that cephalic horns occur almost exclusively in sit-and-wait predators. This finding underlines how foraging mode constrains the morphology of squamates and provides a compelling starting point for similar studies in other animal groups.</p>
Fig. 3 in Cephalic labial gland secretions of males as species recognition signals in bumblebees: are there really geographical variations in the secretions of the Bombus terrestris subspecies? (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus)
Fig. 3: Map with pie charts for the eight, probably 'active', compounds ('active' compounds = 100 %), illustrating the composition of labial gland secretions of B. terrestris.
Fig. 1 in Cephalic labial gland secretions of males as species recognition signals in bumblebees: are there really geographical variations in the secretions of the Bombus terrestris subspecies? (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus)
Fig. 1: Linear regression of the percentage of the total peak area of 2,3-dihydrofarnesol dodecanoate vs. 2,3-dihydrofarnesol for males of B. terrestris terrestris (Ter-07) aged 14 days (●) and 21 days (▲) old; see Table 2 for details.
→ Fig. 2. Marellomorph arthropod Mimetaster florestaensis sp. nov. from Tremadocian of Mojotoro Mountains, Salta, Argentina. A–C. CNS-I 133/1-1, part. A. Cephalic shield and spines. Detail of the secondary spines on mediolateral spine (A2). B. View of the imprint of the ventral posterior margin of the cephalic shield. C. Explanatory drawing revealing the most important morphological characters. D. CNS-I 133/1-1´, counterpart showing detail of strong secondary spines on anterolateral spine. Arrows indicate the secondary spines. in A new marrellomorph euarthropod from the Early Ordovician of Argentina
→ Fig. 2. Marellomorph arthropod Mimetaster florestaensis sp. nov. from Tremadocian of Mojotoro Mountains, Salta, Argentina. A–C. CNS-I 133/1-1, part. A. Cephalic shield and spines. Detail of the secondary spines on mediolateral spine (A2). B. View of the imprint of the ventral posterior margin of the cephalic shield. C. Explanatory drawing revealing the most important morphological characters. D. CNS-I 133/1-1´, counterpart showing detail of strong secondary spines on anterolateral spine. Arrows indicate the secondary spines.
Surface data for belemnoid cephalic cartilage of the Polzbervg Konservat-Lagerstätte (late Triassic, Lower Austria, Northern Calcareous Alps). Supporting material for Lukeneder & Lukeneder 2022
<p>We provide the 3D surface data set (STL), obtained from Micro-Computertomography (Micro-CT) scans of late Triassic belemnoid cephalic cartilage (= cranial cartilage). Thirteen specimens were scanned at the Core Facility for Micro-Computed Tomography (Vienna Micro-CT Lab), University of Vienna, Austria, using a custom-built VISCOM X8060 NDT (Germany) µ-CT scanner with different scan parameters. The scans deliver a stack of images with isometric voxel sizes. The stacks were combined, which resulted in a 3D volume. The Micro-CT data was collected in February to March 2020, reconstructions were done in spring 2021. The scans were segmented by the use of the software Avizo Amira 2020 (Thermo Fisher Scientific). virtual reconstructions were done in Drishti 2.7.<br> The data was collected in the course of project Polzberg, Polzberg – eine Konservat-Lagerstätte von Weltruf im Herzen Niederösterreichs, financially supported by the Austrian Academy of Scieneces (ÖAW) and the Federal Government of Lower Austria.</p>
Figure 7 in Minute clubbed beetles with cephalic horns in midCretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Monotomidae)
Figure 7. General habitus of Cretakarenni birmanicus Peris & Delclòs, male, QUST-INSECT-0003 (see also Jiang et al., 2019), under confocal microscopy. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view. Scale bars = 400 μm.
Figure 8 in Minute clubbed beetles with cephalic horns in midCretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Monotomidae)
Figure 8. Details of Cretakarenni birmanicus Peris & Delclòs, male, QUST-INSECT-0003 (see also Jiang et al. 2019), under confocal microscopy. A. Antenna, dorsal view; B. Prothorax, ventral view; C. Protarsus, ventral view; D. Metatarsus, ventral view; E. Abdominal base, ventral view, showing the postcoxal line (arrowhead); F. Head, dorsal view, showing the setose projections on vertex (arrowhead); G. Scutellum, dorsal view; H. Elytral apex, dorsal view, showing the absutural line (arrowhead); I. Exposed tergites, dorsal view. Abbreviations: an10—antennomere 10; el—elytron; mtf—metafemur; mtt1–4—metatarsomeres 1–4; mtv—metaventrite; pc—procoxa; pn—pronotum; pt5—protarsomere 5; sc—scutellum; v1—ventrite 1. Scale bars = 100 μm.
Figure 5. X in Minute clubbed beetles with cephalic horns in midCretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Monotomidae)
Figure 5. X-ray microtomographic reconstruction of Cretakarenni shaoi Li & Cai, sp. nov., holotype, male, NIGP177331. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view. Scale bars = 200 μm.
Figure 2 in Minute clubbed beetles with cephalic horns in midCretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Monotomidae)
Figure 2. General habitus of Cretakarenni shaoi Li & Cai, sp. nov., holotype, male, NIGP177331, under confocal microscopy, with depth colour coding. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view. Scale bars = 400 μm.
Figure 1 in Minute clubbed beetles with cephalic horns in midCretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Monotomidae)
Figure 1. General habitus of Cretakarenni shaoi Li & Cai, sp. nov., holotype, male, NIGP177331, under incident light. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view. Scale bars = 500 μm.
Figure 3 in Minute clubbed beetles with cephalic horns in midCretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Monotomidae)
Figure 3. General habitus of Cretakarenni shaoi Li & Cai, sp. nov., holotype, male, NIGP177331, under confocal microscopy. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view. Scale bars = 400 μm.
Figure 4 in Minute clubbed beetles with cephalic horns in midCretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Monotomidae)
Figure 4. Details of Cretakarenni shaoi Li & Cai, sp. nov., holotype, male, NIGP177331, under confocal microscopy. A. Mouthparts, ventral view; B. Antenna, dorsal view; C. Prothorax, ventral view; D. Mesothorax, ventral view; E. Hind legs, ventral view; F. Abdominal base, ventral view; G. Head, dorsal view, showing the setose projections on vertex (arrowhead); H. Scutellum, dorsal view; I. Elytral apex, dorsal view. Abbreviations: an10—antennomere 10; el—elytron; lbp—labial palp; md—mandible; msv— mesoventrite; mtc—metacoxa; mtf—metafemur; mtt1–4—metatarsomeres 1–4; mtv—metaventrite; mxp—maxillary palp; pc— procoxa; pn—pronotum; ps—prosternum; ptcn—protrochantin; sc—scutellum; v1, 2—ventrites 1, 2. Scale bars = 100 μm.
Рис. 3. Teratocephalon hexahamus gen. n., sp. n.: A — трофико-сенсорный отΑеΛ теΛа; B — трофико-генитаΛьный отΑеΛ теΛа; C, D — переΑний конец теΛа. a — анус, am — амфиΑы, v — вуΛьва, cc — гоΛовная капсуΛа, ve — «жеΛуΑочек», pu — заΑняя матка, nr — нервное коΛьцо, rc — прямая кишка, au — переΑняя матка, r — ренетта, ep — экскреторная пора, o — яичник, e — яйцо Fig. 3. Teratocephalon hexahamus gen. n., sp. n.: A — trophic-sensory part of the body; B — trophic-reproductive part of the body; C, D — anterior end of the body. a — anus; am — amphids; v — vulva; cc — cephalic capsule; ve — "ventricle"; pu — posterior uterus; nr — nerve ring; pu — anterior uterus; r — renetta; rc — rectum; ep — excretory pore; o — ovary; e — egg in Recent data on soil nematodes of the families Teratocephalidae and Metateratocephalidae from Primorsky Region, Russia
Рис. 3. Teratocephalon hexahamus gen. n., sp. n.: A — трофико-сенсорный отΑеΛ теΛа; B — трофико-генитаΛьный отΑеΛ теΛа; C, D — переΑний конец теΛа. a — анус, am — амфиΑы, v — вуΛьва, cc — гоΛовная капсуΛа, ve — «жеΛуΑочек», pu — заΑняя матка, nr — нервное коΛьцо, rc — прямая кишка, au — переΑняя матка, r — ренетта, ep — экскреторная пора, o — яичник, e — яйцо Fig. 3. Teratocephalon hexahamus gen. n., sp. n.: A — trophic-sensory part of the body; B — trophic-reproductive part of the body; C, D — anterior end of the body. a — anus; am — amphids; v — vulva; cc — cephalic capsule; ve — "ventricle"; pu — posterior uterus; nr — nerve ring; pu — anterior uterus; r — renetta; rc — rectum; ep — excretory pore; o — ovary; e — egg
Рис. 1. Teratocephalus lirellus Andrassy, 1969: A — трофико-сенсорный отΑеΛ теΛа; B — поΛовая система; C — фрагмент теΛа с боковым поΛем; D — хвост; E — фрагмент поΛовой системы и среΑней кишки; F, G — переΑний конец теΛа. am — амфиΑы, lf — боковое поΛе, v — вуΛьва, cc — гоΛовная капсуΛа, pu — заΑняя матка, au — переΑняя матка, r — ренетта, ep — экскреторная пора, o — яичник Fig. 1. Teratocephalus lirellus Andrassy, 1969: A — trophic-sensory part of the body; B — reproductive system; C — fragment of the body with a lateral field; D — tail; E — fragment reproductive system and intestine; F, H — anterior end of the body. am — amphid; lf — lateral field; v — vulva; cc — cephalic capsule; pu — posterior uterus; au — anterior uterus; r — renetta; ep — excretory pore; o — ovary in Recent data on soil nematodes of the families Teratocephalidae and Metateratocephalidae from Primorsky Region, Russia
Рис. 1. Teratocephalus lirellus Andrassy, 1969: A — трофико-сенсорный отΑеΛ теΛа; B — поΛовая система; C — фрагмент теΛа с боковым поΛем; D — хвост; E — фрагмент поΛовой системы и среΑней кишки; F, G — переΑний конец теΛа. am — амфиΑы, lf — боковое поΛе, v — вуΛьва, cc — гоΛовная капсуΛа, pu — заΑняя матка, au — переΑняя матка, r — ренетта, ep — экскреторная пора, o — яичник Fig. 1. Teratocephalus lirellus Andrassy, 1969: A — trophic-sensory part of the body; B — reproductive system; C — fragment of the body with a lateral field; D — tail; E — fragment reproductive system and intestine; F, H — anterior end of the body. am — amphid; lf — lateral field; v — vulva; cc — cephalic capsule; pu — posterior uterus; au — anterior uterus; r — renetta; ep — excretory pore; o — ovary
Рис. 2. Euteratocephalus montanus sp. n.: A — трофико-сенсорый и трофико-генитаΛьный отΑеΛы теΛа; B — хвост; C — трофико-генитаΛьный отΑеΛ теΛа; D — фрагмент теΛа с боковым поΛем; E, F — переΑний конец теΛа. am — амфиΑы, lf — боковое поΛе, v — вуΛьва, va — вагина, g — гемизониΑ, cc — гоΛовная капсуΛа, ve — «жеΛуΑочек», pr — преректум,r — ренетта, f — фазмиΑа,ep — экскреторная пора, o — яичник, e — яйцо Fig. 2. Euteratocephalus montanus sp. n.: A — trophic-sensory and trophic-reproductive parts of the body; B — tail; C — trophic-reproductive part of the body; D — fragment of the body with a side field; E, F — anterior end of the body. am — amphid, lf — lateral field; v — vulva; va — vagina; g — gemizonid; cc — cephalic capsule; ve — "ventricle"; pr — prerectum; r — renetta; f — phasmids, ep — excretory pore; o — ovary; e — egg in Recent data on soil nematodes of the families Teratocephalidae and Metateratocephalidae from Primorsky Region, Russia
Рис. 2. Euteratocephalus montanus sp. n.: A — трофико-сенсорый и трофико-генитаΛьный отΑеΛы теΛа; B — хвост; C — трофико-генитаΛьный отΑеΛ теΛа; D — фрагмент теΛа с боковым поΛем; E, F — переΑний конец теΛа. am — амфиΑы, lf — боковое поΛе, v — вуΛьва, va — вагина, g — гемизониΑ, cc — гоΛовная капсуΛа, ve — «жеΛуΑочек», pr — преректум,r — ренетта, f — фазмиΑа,ep — экскреторная пора, o — яичник, e — яйцо Fig. 2. Euteratocephalus montanus sp. n.: A — trophic-sensory and trophic-reproductive parts of the body; B — tail; C — trophic-reproductive part of the body; D — fragment of the body with a side field; E, F — anterior end of the body. am — amphid, lf — lateral field; v — vulva; va — vagina; g — gemizonid; cc — cephalic capsule; ve — "ventricle"; pr — prerectum; r — renetta; f — phasmids, ep — excretory pore; o — ovary; e — egg
Fig. 27. Pseudanuretes chaetodontis Yamaguti, female. A. habitus, dorsal. B. cephalic area, ventral. C. caudal ramus, ventral. D. antennule. E. antenna and maxillule. F. postantennal process. G in Sea lice (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Caligidae) new to Korea, including three new species
Fig. 27. Pseudanuretes chaetodontis Yamaguti, female. A. habitus, dorsal. B. cephalic area, ventral. C. caudal ramus, ventral. D. antennule. E. antenna and maxillule. F. postantennal process. G. maxilla and maxillary whip. Scales=A, B. 0.1 mm. C-G. 0.02 mm.
Figures 1-4 in Ultrastructural detection of lipids in the cephalic salivary glands of Apis mellifera and Scaptotrigona postica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) workers
Figures 1-4. Lipids, detected using imidazole-osmium, in cephalic salivary gland (CSG) cells of Apis mellifera workers. (1-2) Small droplets of lipid (arrows) dispersed in the cellular cytoplasm of a newly emerged worker (NE), mitochondria (m) of medium electron density and narrow alveolar lumens (l) containing scarce IO-positive secretion (s). (3-4) Gland cells from workers working in the brood comb area (CA). Note lipid droplets dispersed in the cytoplasm (arrows) (1C), heterogeneous granules (gr) (1D) and large amounts of lipid secretion (s) in the alveolar lumen (l). (c) Cuticle, (n) nuclei. Scale bars: 1, 2, 4 = 1 µm, 3 = 3 µm.
Figures 5-8 in Ultrastructural detection of lipids in the cephalic salivary glands of Apis mellifera and Scaptotrigona postica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) workers
Figures 5-8. Imidazole-osmium preparations for lipid detection in gland cells from Apis mellifera workers. (5-6) Gland cells from worker working in the brood comb area (CA) (5) and forager (FO) (6) showing lipid droplets dispersed in the apical region (arrow), infolds (i) of the apical membrane forming channels flanked by mitochondria (m). (6) Note the presence of lipid droplets in the apical channels (arrows). (7-8) Osmium-imidazole-positive dots spread in the cytoplasm (arrows) and vesicles (ve) of forager cellular glands. (c) Cuticle, (s) secretion. Scale bars: 5 = 3 µm, 6 = 2 µm, 7-8 = 1 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Organization of the cephalic lateral-line canals in Electrophorus varii de Santana, Wosiacki, Crampton, Sabaj, Dillman, Mendes-Júnior & Castro e Castro, 2019 (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae)
FIGURE 4 | Images of CT scan of the head of Electrophorus varii. A. dorsal and B. left lateral views of the cranium show the ossification of the lateral-line canals. The ossified segments of canals are marked by colors. Yellow: infraorbital canal; navy blue: mandibular canal; green: otic canal; purple: pre-opercular canal; pink: supraorbital canal; light blue: supratemporal canal; red: otic pit ossicles. ANG-AR: Angulo-articular; CLT: cleithrum; DT: dentary; ENT: entopterygoid; FR: frontal bone; HYO: Hyomandibular; IOP: interopercle; MET: mesethmoid; MTP: metapterygoid; OP: opercle; PAR: parietal; PMX: premaxila; POP: preopercle; PTO: pterotic; QU: quadrate; SP: sphenotic; SYM: sympletic. Specimen size = 82 cm TL.
FIGURE 1 in Organization of the cephalic lateral-line canals in Electrophorus varii de Santana, Wosiacki, Crampton, Sabaj, Dillman, Mendes-Júnior & Castro e Castro, 2019 (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae)
FIGURE 1 | Sampling areas (Adolpho Ducke Reserve and Purupuru Lake, Amazonas, Brazil) where individuals of Electrophorus varii were captured. The white stars represent the exact sampling spots.
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