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Skin-blubber biopsy samples and associated demographic data collected from cetaceans encountered along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), 2010 – 2024
Baleen whale populations in the Southern Ocean are recovering after intense commercial whaling in the 20th century. Along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), this recovery is occurring in one of the planet's most rapidly changing marine ecosystems. Understanding how climate-driven changes influence the population dynamics of whales in this region is critical for understanding what conservation and management actions must be prioritized to maintain the structure and function of this marine ecosystem. To begin understanding the dynamics of whale recovery under continued environmental change, we need to study these whales' demography and population dynamics. As part of our annual sampling surveys for cetaceans along the WAP through the PAL LTER program, we actively collect remote non-lethal skin-blubber biopsy samples and have developed one of the most extensive tissue archives in the Southern Ocean. With these samples, we conduct a series of demographic and physiological measurements. Using the skin portion of the biopsy sample, we isolate nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to develop a DNA profile for each sample, including genetic sex, a microsatellite genotype, and a mtDNA haplotype. These profiles are used to compare sex ratios of the population, determine individual recaptures through genotype analysis, and better understand population mixing. Using the blubber portion of the biopsy sample, we isolate endocrine markers (e.g., progesterone and cortisol) to monitor population pregnancy rates and stress levels. This data represents some of the first non-lethal quantitative observations of the demography and population dynamics of recovering whale populations in the Antarctic and provides a critical reference point for future work as the Antarctic climate continues to change and populations continue to recover from whaling.
Vortex input files -- McHugh et al. Staying Alive: Long-term success of small cetacean interventions in southwest Florida
<p>Vortex input file used to generate population level impacts in the manuscript "Staying Alive: Long-term success of small cetacean interventions in southwest Florida", by K. A. McHugh, et al. </p>
FIG. 9 in Monstrosities from the Sea. Taxonomy and tradition in Conrad Gessner's (1516-1565) discussion of cetaceans and sea-monsters
FIG. 9. — Monachus marinus, sea-monk. Conrad Gessner (1558: 519). Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Rar. 2234.
FIG. 4 in Monstrosities from the Sea. Taxonomy and tradition in Conrad Gessner's (1516-1565) discussion of cetaceans and sea-monsters
FIG. 4. — Anglicus cetus, Atlantic spotted dolphin.Conrad Gessner (1558: 256). Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Rar. 2234.
FIG. 1 in Monstrosities from the Sea. Taxonomy and tradition in Conrad Gessner's (1516-1565) discussion of cetaceans and sea-monsters
FIG. 1. — Leo Marinus, sea lion. Conrad Gessner (1558: 558). Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Rar. 2234.
FIG. 6 in Monstrosities from the Sea. Taxonomy and tradition in Conrad Gessner's (1516-1565) discussion of cetaceans and sea-monsters
FIG. 6. — Cetus oceani Germanici, North Sea whale. Conrad Gessner (1558: 255). Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Rar. 2234.
FIG. 3 in Monstrosities from the Sea. Taxonomy and tradition in Conrad Gessner's (1516-1565) discussion of cetaceans and sea-monsters
FIG. 3. — Balaena vulgo, bowhead whale. Conrad Gessner (1558: 132). Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Rar. 2234.
FIG. 11 in Monstrosities from the Sea. Taxonomy and tradition in Conrad Gessner's (1516-1565) discussion of cetaceans and sea-monsters
FIG. 11. — Monstrum marinus, sea-monster. Conrad Gessner (1558: 522). Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Rar. 2234.
Fig. 3 in Distribution Of Small Cetaceans In The Nearshore Waters Of Sarawak, East Malaysia
Fig. 3. Box and whisker plots showing the minimum and maximum values, median and upper and lower quartiles of the values for depth (a), distance to shore (b), and distance to nearest river mouth (c) for on-effort sightings of Irrawaddy dolphins (n=35), finless porpoises (n=24) and bottlenose dolphins (n=3).
Fig. 4 in Distribution Of Small Cetaceans In The Nearshore Waters Of Sarawak, East Malaysia
Fig. 4. (a) Kuching and (b) Similajau survey areas with 2k m × 2 km grid cells shaded according to encounter rate (number of sightings/distance searched in each grid cell). Only grid cells with dolphin sightings are shaded – others are left blank to better display underlying survey effort.
FIG. 7 in A new platyrostrine sperm whale from the Early Miocene of the southeastern Pacific (East Pisco Basin, Peru) supports affinities with the southwestern Atlantic cetacean fauna
FIG. 7. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus poucheti (Moreno, 1892) MLP 5-6 (holotype) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), right lateral (C), and posterior (D) views, illustrating among others some diagnostic characters at the genus and species levels. The figured photos were taken by one of us (CM) in 1981, with a preservation state that is closer to the original illustrations in Lydekker (1893), prior to the separation of the right and left rostral parts and pterygoids/palatines from the neurocranium and with more complete antorbital notches and right orbit. Scale bar: 200 mm.
FIG. 4FIG. 4 in A new platyrostrine sperm whale from the Early Miocene of the southeastern Pacific (East Pisco Basin, Peru) supports affinities with the southwestern Atlantic cetacean fauna
FIG. 4FIG. 4. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in left (A) and right (B) lateral views. Black dashed lines for sutures, foramina, and outline of several bones and temporal fossa; red dashed line for posterior outline of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm.
FIG. 1 in A new platyrostrine sperm whale from the Early Miocene of the southeastern Pacific (East Pisco Basin, Peru) supports affinities with the southwestern Atlantic cetacean fauna
FIG. 1. — Geographic and geological setting. A, Location of the main outcrops of the Chilcatay Formation along the southern coast of Peru. B, Simplified map providing the position of Ullujaya (the type locality of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp.) alongside other highly fossiliferous sites of the Ica desert (including Zamaca, the type locality of Rhaphicetus valenciae Lambert, Muizon, Urbina & Bianucci, 2020). C, Schematic stratigraphic column of the Cenozoic succession exposed in the East Pisco Basin. D, Simplified stratigraphic section of the Chilcatay Formation in Ullujaya, showing the exact position of the holotype of D. ortegai n. sp. in the Ct1 allomember, Ct1a facies association. E, Simplified stratigraphic section of the Chilcatay Formation in Zamaca, showing the exact position of the holotype of R. valenciae in the Ct1 allomember, Ct1a facies association. Both sections D and E include positions of ash layers dated with 40Ar/39Ar and shell-rich beds dated with 87Sr/86Sr along with the corresponding age estimates (after Bosio et al. 2022). Maps and sections modified from Bianucci et al. (2018b), Di Celma et al. (2018, 2019), Bosio et al. (2020, 2022), and Lambert et al. (2020).
APPENDIX 5 in A new platyrostrine sperm whale from the Early Miocene of the southeastern Pacific (East Pisco Basin, Peru) supports affinities with the southwestern Atlantic cetacean fauna
APPENDIX 5. — Strict consensus of 15 most parsimonious trees resulting from the heuristic search performed with down-weighting of homoplastic characters (k = 3). Tree length 188; Goloboff fit -42.64; CI 0.45; RI 0.68.
FIG. 6 in A new platyrostrine sperm whale from the Early Miocene of the southeastern Pacific (East Pisco Basin, Peru) supports affinities with the southwestern Atlantic cetacean fauna
FIG. 6. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in right (A) and left (B) anterodorsolateral views. Black dashed lines for sutures, foramina, bony nares, and outline of several bones. Scale bar: 200 mm.
FIG. 3 in A new platyrostrine sperm whale from the Early Miocene of the southeastern Pacific (East Pisco Basin, Peru) supports affinities with the southwestern Atlantic cetacean fauna
FIG. 3. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in ventral view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges. ali: alisphenoid. Scale bar: 200 mm.
FIG. 9 in A new platyrostrine sperm whale from the Early Miocene of the southeastern Pacific (East Pisco Basin, Peru) supports affinities with the southwestern Atlantic cetacean fauna
FIG. 9. — Comparison of the crania of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype) (a, c) and Rhaphicetus valenciae Lambert, Muizon, Urbina & Bianucci, 2020 MUSM 2543 (holotype) (B, D), both from the Chilcatay Formation (East Pisco Basin, Peru), in dorsal (A, B) and right lateral (C, D) views, based on 3D models resulting from surface-scanning (see Appendices 1; 2), illustrating the difference in the cross-section of the maxillae on the rostrum (much more dorsoventrally flattened in D. ortegai n. sp.). Note that most of the premaxillae is lost on the rostrum of the holotype of D. ortegai n. sp., truncating the dorsal part of the anterior cross-sections. Scale bar: 200 mm.
FIG. 2 in A new platyrostrine sperm whale from the Early Miocene of the southeastern Pacific (East Pisco Basin, Peru) supports affinities with the southwestern Atlantic cetacean fauna
FIG. 2. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in dorsal view; photo and corresponding line drawing. Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; and red dashed lines for posterior and lateral outlines of supracranial basin. Scale bar: 200 mm.
FIG. 5 in A new platyrostrine sperm whale from the Early Miocene of the southeastern Pacific (East Pisco Basin, Peru) supports affinities with the southwestern Atlantic cetacean fauna
FIG. 5. — Cranium of Diaphorocetus ortegai n. sp. MUSM 3246 (holotype, Chilcatay Formation, East Pisco Basin, Peru) in anterodorsal view (A) (photo and corresponding line drawing) and posterior view (B). Grey shading for sediment; hatching for main break surfaces; black dashed lines for more tentative interpretations of sutures and edges; red dashed lines for posterior outline of supracranial basin and outline of brain cavity. Scale bars: 200 mm.
Reproducibility code and data - Understanding cetacean habitats in the Eastern Caribbean: a study combining data from multiple sources
<p>This R project reproduces the analyses carried out in the article entitled “Modelling cetacean habitats in the Eastern Caribbean: a study combining data from multiple sources” submitted to PCI Ecology. Analyses involve two steps (modelling 1: exploratory; and modelling 2: inferential).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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