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16 results for “channel evolution”
Data for "Numerical simulation study of the evolution of lightning channel decay and reactivation processes" by Zheng et al.
<p>All data of the manuscript "Numerical simulation study of the evolution of lightning channel decay and reactivation processes" submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.</p> <p>The data supports the manuscript entitled "Numerical simulation study of the evolution of lightning channel decay and reactivation processes”. Microsoft Notepad can open the *.txt files and the *.DAT files, they contain the channel information of two intracloud flashes (IC1 and IC2) and the channel elctrical parameters at different channel segments. </p> <p>The data can be used freely for scientific purposes with the appropriate citation. </p>
ChannelLeveeModel: Decoupled Channel-levee Evolution Model for MATLAB
<h1>ChannelLeveeModel v1.0.1</h1> <p>This is the archive of a numerical model that decoupled channel bed and levee evolution with associated simulations, dataset, and figures using MATLAB</p> <p><strong>Features</strong></p> <ul> <li>Generate random weekly hydrographs and solve the divided channel method to compute the flooded water surface elevation (Lotter, 1933)</li> <li>Identify two flood styles: Front loading and Back loading</li> <li>Run advection-settling model (Han and Kim, 2022) for Front loading events and Ponded water model (Nicholas and Walling, 1996) for Back loading events</li> <li>Visualizes results with MATLAB plotting functions</li> </ul> <p><strong>File lists</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Main file:</strong> <code>DecoupledCLM.m</code></li> <li><strong>Function files:</strong> <code>HydraulicGeometry.m</code>, <code>Hydrograph.m</code>, <code>OverflowLevel.m</code>, <code>LeveeBimodal.m</code>, <code>Backloading_wellmix.m</code></li> <li><strong>Plotting files:</strong> <code>plot_BE.m</code>, <code>plot_ConfinedRelease.m</code>, <code>plot_figures.m</code></li> <li><strong>Output folder:</strong> <code>simulation_code/output/</code> contains example model simulations in <code>.m</code> format. and figures in <code>.pdf</code> format.</li> <li><code>README.md</code> and <code>LICENSE</code></li> </ul>
Adaptive and non-adaptive convergent evolution in feather reflectance of Channel Islands songbirds
<p>Convergent evolution is widely regarded as a signature of adaptation. But testing the adaptive consequences of convergent phenotypes is challenging, making it difficult to exclude non-adaptive explanations for convergence. Here, we combined feather reflectance spectra and phenotypic trajectory analyses with visual and thermoregulatory modeling to test the adaptive significance of dark plumage in songbirds of the California Channel Islands. By evolving dark dorsal plumage, island birds are generally less conspicuous to visual-hunting raptors in the island environment than mainland birds. Dark dorsal plumage also reduces the energetic demands associated with maintaining homeothermy in the cool island climate. We also found an unexpected pattern of convergence, wherein the most divergent island populations evolved greater reflectance of near-infrared radiation. However, our heat flux models indicate that elevated near-infrared reflectance is not adaptive. Analysis of feather microstructure suggests that island-mainland differences are related to coloration of feather barbs and barbules rather than their structure. Our results indicate that adaptive and non-adaptive mechanisms interact to drive plumage evolution in this system. This study sheds light on the mechanisms driving the association between dark color and wet, cold environments across the tree of life, especially in island birds.</p>
Ecologically mediated differences in electric organ discharge drive evolution in a sodium channel gene in South American electric fishes
<p>Active electroreception — the ability to detect objects and communicate with conspecifics via the detection and generation of electric organ discharges (EODs) — has evolved convergently in several fish lineages. South American electric fishes (Gymnotiformes) are a highly species-rich group, possibly in part due to evolution of an electric organ (EO) that produces diverse EODs. Neofunctionalization of a voltage-gated sodium channel accompanied the evolution of electrogenic tissue from muscle and resulted in a novel gene (scn4aa) uniquely expressed in the EO. Here, we investigate the link between variation in scn4aa and differences in EOD waveform. We combine gymnotiform scn4aa sequences encoding the C-terminus of the Nav1.4a protein with biogeographic data and EOD recordings. We test whether physiological transitions among EOD types accompany differential selection pressures on scn4aa. We found positive selection on scn4aa coincided with shifts in EOD types. Species that evolved in the absence of predators, which likely selected for reduced EOD complexity, exhibited increased scn4aa evolutionary rates. We model mutations in the protein that may underlie changes in protein function and discuss our findings in the context of gymnotiform signalling ecology. Together, this work sheds light on the selective forces underpinning major evolutionary transitions in electric signal production.</p>
Spectrum and Temperature Evolution of Lightning Channel and Dependence on Discharge Feature
<p>Temperature is one of the crucial parameters reflecting the energy and current transfer characteristics in the lightning discharge channel. According to the spectra of eight return strokes recorded simultaneously by two high-speed slitless spectrographs with different time resolutions, the spectral-structure and temperature evolution of the return stroke channels over time was quantitatively analyzed. Different from the previous report, one of the spectrographs has recorded the ionic lines in the spectra within approximately 200 microseconds during the return stroke. The ionic line intensity decayed rapidly with time as the current declined, while the atomic line intensity decreased more slowly. The spectral-structure evolution characteristics indicate that the ionic lines in the spectra existed throughout the discharge current process (including the continuing current (CC) stage). Additionally, it further suggests that the ionic line intensities are associated with the discharge currents and that their radiation mechanism is closely related to the collision excitation under the action of strong currents. The temperature calculated using the ionic lines can reflect the thermodynamic properties of the current-carrying channel. The temperature calculated using atomic lines is significantly lower than that calculated using the ionic lines in the same spectrum. The radiation mechanism of the atomic lines differs from that of the ionic lines. Compared with the decay of the ionic-line intensity, the decline of the channel temperature is slower, and there is even a slight increase in the CC stage. This property reflects the effect of the current action integral.</p>
Spectrum and Temperature Evolution of Lightning Channel and Dependence on Discharge Feature
<p>Temperature is one of the crucial parameters reflecting the energy and current transfer characteristics in the lightning discharge channel. According to the spectra of eight return strokes recorded simultaneously by two high-speed slitless spectrographs with different time resolutions, the spectral-structure and temperature evolution of the return stroke channels over time was quantitatively analyzed. Different from the previous report, one of the spectrographs has recorded the ionic lines in the spectra within approximately 200 microseconds during the return stroke. The ionic line intensity decayed rapidly with time as the current declined, while the atomic line intensity decreased more slowly. The spectral-structure evolution characteristics indicate that the ionic lines in the spectra existed throughout the discharge current process (including the continuing current (CC) stage). Additionally, it further suggests that the ionic line intensities are associated with the discharge currents and that their radiation mechanism is closely related to the collision excitation under the action of strong currents. The temperature calculated using the ionic lines can reflect the thermodynamic properties of the current-carrying channel. The temperature calculated using atomic lines is significantly lower than that calculated using the ionic lines in the same spectrum. The radiation mechanism of the atomic lines differs from that of the ionic lines. Compared with the decay of the ionic-line intensity, the decline of the channel temperature is slower, and there is even a slight increase in the CC stage. This property reflects the effect of the current action integral.</p>
Metamorphic evolution of the Greater Himalayan Sequence, Bhagirathi Valley (India) through a combination of channel flow and in-sequence shearing
<p>Dataset of a manuscript entitled "Metamorphic evolution of the Greater Himalayan Sequence, Bhagirathi Valley (India) through a combination of channel flow and in-sequence shearing " submitted in Tectonics (AGU)</p>
Temporal Evolution Feature on Spectrum and Temperature of Lightning return stroke Channel
<p>Temperature is one of the crucial parameters reflecting the energy and current transfer characteristics in the lightning discharge channel. According to the spectra of eight lightning return strokes recorded simultaneously by two high-speed slitless spectrographs with different time resolutions, the spectral-structure and temperature evolution of the return stroke channels over time was quantitatively analyzed. Different from the previous report, one of the spectrographs have recorded the ionic lines in the spectra within approximately 200 microseconds during the return stroke. The ionic line intensity decayed rapidly with time as the current declined, while the atomic line intensity decreased more slowly. The spectral-structure evolution characteristics indicate that the ionic lines in the spectra existed throughout the discharge current process (including the continuing current (CC) stage). Additionally, it further suggests that the ionic line intensities are associated with the discharge currents and that their radiation mechanism is closely related to the collision excitation under the action of strong currents. The temperature calculated by the ionic lines can reflect the thermodynamic properties of the current-carrying channel. The temperature calculated using atomic lines is significantly lower than that calculated by the ionic lines in the same spectrum. The radiation mechanism of the atomic lines differs from that of the ionic lines. Compared with the decay of the ionic-line intensity, the decline of the channel temperature calculated by ionic lines is slower. The temperature calculated by atomic lines shown the similar feature, and it is even basically unchanged in the CC stage. This property reflects the persistent heating effect of the current.</p>
Visualizations of the leader channel parameters evolution at the stage of recoil leader initiation
<p><span>This repository presents figures visualizing the leader channel parameters evolution at the stage of recoil leader initiation along with their textual description.</span></p>
Adaptive and non-adaptive convergent evolution in feather reflectance of Channel Islands songbirds
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Ecologically mediated differences in electric organ discharge drive evolution in a sodium channel gene in South American electric fishes
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Study on the Evolution Characteristics of the Return Stroke Spectra and Channel Temperatures by Using Two Spectrographs with Different Time Resolution
<p>Temperature is one of the crucial parameters reflecting the energy and current transfer characteristics in the lightning discharge channel. According to the spectra of six lightning return strokes recorded simultaneously by two high-speed slit-less spectrographs with different time resolutions, the spectral intensity and temperature evolution of the return stroke channels over time was quantitatively analyzed. The spectral characteristics show that the ionic line intensity decayed rapidly with time as the current declined, while the atomic line intensity decreased more slowly. Additionally, it is found that ionic lines existed in the spectra of continuing current process for up to hundreds of microseconds. It further indicates that the ionic line intensities are associated with the discharge currents and that their radiation mechanism is closely related to the collision excitation under the action of strong currents. The temperature calculated by the ionic lines can reflect the thermodynamic properties of the current-carrying channel. The temperature calculated using atomic lines is significantly lower than that calculated by the ionic lines in the same spectrum. The radiation mechanism for majority of the atomic lines differs from that of the ionic lines. During the continuing current, the channel temperatures calculated by both ionic lines and atomic lines showed a similar evolution feature which declined slowly or even basically unchanged. This property reflects the persistent heating effect of the current.</p>
Data from: Positive selection on sperm ion channels in a brooding brittle star: consequence of life-history traits evolution
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Data from: Convergence of ion channel genome content in early animal evolution
Multicellularity has evolved multiple times, but animals are the only multicellular lineage with nervous systems. This fact implies that the origin of nervous systems was an unlikely event, yet recent comparisons among extant taxa suggest that animal nervous systems may have evolved multiple times independently. Here, we use ancestral gene content reconstruction to track the timing of gene family expansions for the major families of ion-channel proteins that drive nervous system function. We find that animals with nervous systems have broadly similar complements of ion-channel types but that these complements likely evolved independently. We also find that ion-channel gene family evolution has included large loss events, two of which were immediately followed by rounds of duplication. Ctenophores, cnidarians, and bilaterians underwent independent bouts of gene expansion in channel families involved in synaptic transmission and action potential shaping. We suggest that expansions of these family types may represent a genomic signature of expanding nervous system complexity. Ancestral nodes in which nervous systems are currently hypothesized to have originated did not experience large expansions, making it difficult to distinguish among competing hypotheses of nervous system origins and suggesting that the origin of nerves was not attended by an immediate burst of complexity. Rather, the evolution of nervous system complexity appears to resemble a slow fuse in stem animals followed by many independent bouts of gene gain and loss.
Data from: Convergence of ion channel genome content in early animal evolution
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On how episodic sediment supply influences the evolution of channel morphology, bedload transport and channel stability in an experimental step-pool channel
<p>This repository contains experimental data used in the manuscript "On how episodic sediment supply influences the evolution of channel morphology, bedload transport and channel stability in an experimental step-pool channel" submitted to <em>Water Resources Research</em> by Wang et al.</p> <p>- The docx file contains the information of experimental sediments and the names of the four txt files. </p> <p>- The four txt files contain the post-processed experimental data on hydraulics, bedload transport, bed surface characteristics, and the threshold for motion, and step information. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.