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35 results for “chemical cues”
REU data set from summer of 2022. Project was designed to understand how crayfish (Faxonius rusticus) respond to chemical cues from largemouth bass predators under different shelter distributions.
Research into predator–prey interactions has focused on the landscape of fear and nonconsumptive effects that result from prey responses. Prey behavior is influenced by predator presence and the location and quality of foraging resources in habitats. These areas have been fruitful, but the role of prey refuges has lagged. We investigated how refuge spatial distribution and quality influence prey behavior. To determine the role of the landscape of safety (LOS) in prey decision-making, we altered spatial relationships between refuges, refuge quality, and predation threats in mesocosms. Mesocosms were constructed such that prey only received predatory chemical cues. We employed a behavioral assay including largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802): predator) and virile crayfish (Faxonius rusticus (Girard, 1852): prey). Crayfish shelter use was significantly influenced by quality and spatial relationship of shelters to predatory threats, and the interaction of these two factors. Particularly, crayfish used high-quality shelters more often when located closer to predatory cues than farther away and did not use low-quality shelters more than controls. High-quality shelter usage decreased as threat level (measured by gape ratio) decreased. These results support the idea that prey utilize an LOS, and information contained in these two landscapes may alter behavioral decisions.
Fig. 1 in The ectoparasitoid Scleroderma guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) uses innate and learned chemical cues to locate its host, larvae of the pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Fig. 1. Numbers of naïve Scleroderma guani females responding to various odor sources presented in pairs in a Y-tube olfactometer. W = wood diet, WF = mixture of wood diet and Monochamus alternatus frass, S = sawdust from M. alternatus galleries, L = 10 M. alternatus 3rd instars, and A = clean air. *: P ≤ 0.05, **: P ≤ 0.01. Numbers indicate numbers of wasps responding.
Fig. 4 in The ectoparasitoid Scleroderma guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) uses innate and learned chemical cues to locate its host, larvae of the pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Fig. 4. Numbers of Scleroderma guani females responding to the odor of Monochamus alternatus 3rd instars (L) versus clean air (A) in a Y-tube olfactometer. Females were either naïve (N), previously exposed to gallery sawdust (S), or with previous exposure to the odor of M. alternatus larvae (L). *: P ≤ 0.05, **: P ≤ 0.01.
Fig. 3 in The ectoparasitoid Scleroderma guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) uses innate and learned chemical cues to locate its host, larvae of the pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Fig. 3. Numbers of naïve Scleroderma guani females responding to the odor of 10 Monochamus alternatus 1st, 3rd, or 5th instars (L) versus clean air (A) in a Y-tube olfactometer. *: P ≤ 0.05, **: P ≤ 0.01.
Fig. 2 in The ectoparasitoid Scleroderma guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) uses innate and learned chemical cues to locate its host, larvae of the pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Fig. 2. Relative proportions of organic compounds identified in headspace volatiles from Monochamus alternatus larvae and a mixture of wood diet, sawdust, and frass.
Fig. 3 in The trade-off between the transmission of chemical cues and parasites: behavioral interactions between leaf-cutting ant workers of different age classes
Fig. 3. Mean ± s.e. frequencies that young and old ants were observed giving or receiving allogrooming during a 15 s observation period.
Fig. 2 in The trade-off between the transmission of chemical cues and parasites: behavioral interactions between leaf-cutting ant workers of different age classes
Fig. 2. Mean ± s.e. frequencies that young and old ants were: (a) observed selfgrooming and (b) observed engaged in mandible scraping with another ant, during a 15 s observation period.
Fig. 1 in The trade-off between the transmission of chemical cues and parasites: behavioral interactions between leaf-cutting ant workers of different age classes
Fig. 1. Overall activity levels. Mean ± s.e. frequencies that young and old ants were: (a) observed engaging in one of the focal behaviors and (b) observed engaged in antennation with another ant, during a 15 s observation period.
Data from: Highlighting potential physical and chemical cues involved in conspecific recognition system in a predator nematode, Seinura caverna
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Conspecific recognition is the ability to distinguish and respond to individuals of the same species. In nematodes, this behavior can mediate aggregation, feeding behavior, or mating. Here, we investigated whether and how the predatory nematode <em>Seinura caverna</em> recognizes and avoids conspecifics to prey on. In predation assays, <em>S. caverna</em> did not kill conspecifics, but killed nematodes of three heterospecific species. Interestingly, <em>S. caverna</em> did not kill <em>Ektaphelenchoides</em> <em>spondylis</em> nematodes. <em>S. caverna</em> did not eject its stylet when encountering conspecifics or <em>E. spondylis</em>. The characterization of the internal cuticle structure of 13 nematode species suggested that the cuticle may play a role in the preying decision, as <em>E. spondylis</em> and <em>S. caverna</em> exhibited similar, type III, cuticle layers. Chemical extracts from <em>S.</em> <em>caverna</em> further repelled conspecifics. We discuss the potential hierarchical use of physical and chemical cues in <em>S. caverna</em> predation behavior and provide insights into the evolutionary adaptations and behavior of this organism. </span></p>
[Data from:] Chemical cues involved in the host foraging behavior of Psyttalia concolor wasps to locate the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae
<p>Investigate the role of oviposition- (OIPVs) and herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) emitted by olive trees upon infestation by <em>Bactrocera oleae </em>as well as cues emitted by the insect host <em>B. oleae.</em></p>
Males respond to substrate-borne, not airborne, female chemical cues in the jumping spider, Habronattus pyrrithrix
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Data and code from: Chemical cues facilitate foraging across the water-land interface in a resident predatory fish
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Data from: What smells? Developing in-field methods to characterize the chemical composition of wild mammalian scent cues
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Data from: Highlighting potential physical and chemical cues involved in conspecific recognition system in a predator nematode, Seinura caverna
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Fear and safety chemical cue data in crayfish
In this data, you’ll find crayfish movement data (walking speeds and times spent in different sections of the test arena) as a response to differing concentrations and types of fear cues (predatory and alarm cues) as well as differing levels of safety cues. The organization of the fear cues and safety cues in the arena were orthogonal to each other which allows a user to examine movements along each of the different stimuli levels separately or in combination. The movement of the crayfish was digitized at 1 point per second and at a single location (center of the carapace) of the animal.
Data from: I smell where you walked – how chemical cues influence movement decisions in ants
Interactions between animals are not restricted to direct encounters. Frequently, individuals detect the proximity of others through cues unintentionally left by others, such as prey species assessing predation risk based on indirect predator cues. However, while the importance of indirect cues in predator–prey interactions has been intensely studied, their role in interactions among competitors, and their consequences for community structure, are little known to date. Ant communities are usually structured by aggressive interactions between competing species. Responding to cues of others should be useful to avoid competitors or discover food sources. In ants and other insects, such cues include chemical footprints, which they leave while walking. Here, we investigated how different ant species respond to footprints of others. Ant colonies were confronted with footprints of other colonies or species, and the workers chose between cue-bearing and cue-free areas. Moreover, we determined the chemical composition of footprints, and compared the absolute quantities of footprint and cuticular hydrocarbons. Ants of the species Lasius niger avoided footprints of non-nestmate conspecifics, and tended to avoid footprints of two other species. We suggest that they avoided encounters with competitors to reduce costly fights. In contrast, three other ant species approached allospecific footprints, which may represent eavesdropping to find resources discovered by others. Three of the four ant species responded differently to nestmates and non-nestmate footprints either through footprint-following or antennation behavior. The chemical composition of footprints was species-specific and largely congruent to cuticular hydrocarbons. Footprint quantities left by single workers represented 1/170 to 1/64 of the quantity of their cuticular hydrocarbons. We showed that chemical footprints represent an important cue for behavioral decisions in ants. The ability to identify and respond to chemical footprints may represent an important strategy for insects to cope with competing species or colonies in their habitat.
Supporting data for : "Differential responses to chemical cues correlate with task specialization in ant foragers"
<p>Data for : "Differential responses to chemical cues correlate with task specialization in ant foragers". </p>
Behavioral and chemical composition data for: Maternal and personal information mediates the use of social cues about predation risk
<p></p><p>Organisms can gain information about predation risks from their parents, their own personal experience, and their conspecifics and adjust their behavior to alleviate these risks. These different sources of information can, however, provide conflicting information due to spatial and temporal variation of the environment. This raises the question of how these cues are integrated to produce adaptive antipredator behavior. We investigated how common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) adjust the use of conspecific cues about predation risk depending on whether the information is maternally or personally acquired. We experimentally manipulated the presence of predator scent in gestating mothers and their offspring in a full-crossed design. We then tested the consequences for social information use by monitoring offspring social response to conspecifics previously exposed to predator cues or not. Lizards were more attracted to the scent of conspecifics having experienced predation cues when they had themselves no personal information about predation risk. In contrast, they were more repulsed by conspecific scent when they had personally obtained information about predation risk. However, the addition of maternal information about predation risk canceled out this interactive effect between personal and social information: lizards were slightly more attracted to conspecific scent when these two sources of information about predation risk were in agreement. A chemical analysis of lizard scent revealed that exposure to predator cues modified the chemical composition of lizard scents, a change that might underlie lizards' use of social information. Our results highlight the importance of considering multiple sources of information while studying antipredator defenses.</p><p></p>
Fig. 3 in Ecological fitting: Chemical profiles of plant hosts provide insights on selection cues and preferences for a major buprestid pest
Fig. 3. Average time spent (s ± 1SE) of gravid emerald ash borer females (Agrilus planipennis) in arms of Y-tube olfactometer with foliage emissions of olive (OL, Olea europaea), white fringetree (WF, Chionanthus virginica), green ash (GA, Fraxinus pennsylvanica), Manchurian ash (MA, F. mandshurica) or blank air (BL). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 1 in Ecological fitting: Chemical profiles of plant hosts provide insights on selection cues and preferences for a major buprestid pest
Fig. 1. Mean emission rates of volatiles (ng/hour/g/foliage ± 1SE) of black ash (BA, Fraxinus nigra), blue ash (Blue, F. quadrangulata), Manchurian ash (MA, F. mandshurica), olive (OL, Olea europaea), and white fringetree (WF, Chionanthus virginicus), five plant hosts of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) collected in summer 2017. a) Overall plant profiles, b) antennally active compounds c) Green leaf volatile (GLV) profiles, d) sesquiterpene profiles, and e) Monoterpene profiles. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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