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43 results for “chemical signaling”
Data from: Composition of a chemical signalling trait varies with phylogeny and precipitation across an Australian lizard radiation
<p>The environment presents challenges to the transmission and detection of animal signalling systems, resulting in selective pressures that can drive signal divergence among populations in disparate environments. For chemical signals, climate is a potentially important selective force because factors such as temperature and moisture influence the persistence and detection of chemicals. We investigated an Australian lizard radiation (<em>Heteronotia</em>) to explore relationships between a sexually dimorphic chemical signalling trait (epidermal pore secretions) and two key climate variables: temperature and precipitation. We reconstructed the phylogeny of <em>Heteronotia</em> with exon capture phylogenomics, estimated phylogenetic signal in among-lineage chemical variation, and assessed how chemical composition relates to temperature and precipitation using multivariate phylogenetic regressions. High estimates of phylogenetic signal indicate that the composition of epidermal pore secretions varies among lineages in a manner consistent with Brownian motion; although there are deviations to this, with stark divergences coinciding with two phylogenetic splits. Accounting for phylogenetic non-independence, we found that among-lineage chemical variation is associated with geographic variation in precipitation but not temperature. This contrasts somewhat with previous lizard studies, which have generally found an association between temperature and chemical composition. Our results suggest that geographic variation in precipitation can affect the evolution of chemical signalling traits, possibly influencing patterns of divergence among lineages and species.</p> <p> </p>
Fig. 3 in Response of male Centruroides vittatus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) to aerial and substrate-borne chemical signals
Fig. 3: The movement of a male scorpion during a 3-minute trial. Scorpion position was marked by a dot every 5 seconds of the trial. In general, the movement path has more space between dots in the "no-stimulus" side (top) versus the "stimulus" side (bottom). The average distance (+/- standard deviation) traveled between 5 second plots: no-stimulus side = 15.3 +/- 7.8 mm (median = 12.5 mm), stimulus side = 10.8 +/- 5.9 mm (median = 8.0 mm). "BL" indicates occurrence of a backward lunge.
Fig. 1 in Response of male Centruroides vittatus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) to aerial and substrate-borne chemical signals
Fig. 1: Y-shaped arena for Experiments 1, 2, and 3 to test airborne chemical communication in C. vittatus.
Illuminating oncogenic KRAS signaling by multi-dimensional chemical proteomics
<p><span>Mutated KRAS is among the most frequent activating genetic alterations in cancer. Drug discovery efforts have led to inhibitors that block mutant KRAS activity. To better understand the molecular basis of their cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effects, w</span>e performed comprehensive dose-dependent proteome-wide target deconvolution, pathway engagement, and protein expression characterization in response to KRAS, MEK, ERK, SHP2, and SOS1 inhibitors in pancreatic (KRAS G12C, G12D) and lung cancer (KRAS G12C) cell lines. Analysis of the dose-response curves available online revealed common and cell line-specific signaling networks dominated by KRAS activity. Time-dose experiments separated early ERK-driven effects from those that result from cell cycle arrest. The transition occurred without substantial proteome re-modelling but extensive changes in phosphorylation and ubiquitinylation. Our resource highlights the complexity of KRAS signaling in cancer and places a large number of new proteins and their modifications into this functional context for further exploration.</p> <p>We provide all dose-response curve data processed using internal pipelines or CurveCurator v0.5.0 (<a href="https://github.com/kusterlab/curve_curator" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/kusterlab/curve_curator</a>). A README file is included with details about each file and a Meta table describing the experimental conditions. Each CurveCurator folder contains both the input data (including the TOML parameter file used for curve generation) and the output, which includes interactive dashboards (<strong>dashboard.html</strong>) and processed curve data (<strong>curves.txt</strong>).</p> <p>Phospho-proteome, whole proteome, ubiquitinome, Kinobead pulldown, and cysteine profiling data are provided in separate ZIP folders. Additionally, we include all aggregated supplementary tables and analysis output tables used for figure generation in the manuscript.</p>
Data from: Composition of a chemical signalling trait varies with phylogeny and precipitation across an Australian lizard radiation
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Data from: Chemical signals from eggs facilitate cryptic female choice in humans
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Mate choice can continue after mating via chemical communication between the female reproductive system and sperm. While there is a growing appreciation that females can bias sperm use and paternity by exerting cryptic female choice for preferred males, we know surprisingly little about the mechanisms underlying these post-mating choices. In particular, whether chemical signals released from eggs (chemoattractants) allow females to exert cryptic female choice to favour sperm from specific males remains an open question, particularly in species (including humans) where adults exercise pre-mating mate choice. Here, we adapt a classic dichotomous mate choice assay to the microscopic scale to assess gamete-mediated mate choice in humans. We examined how sperm respond to follicular fluid, a source of human sperm chemoattractants, from either their partner or a non-partner female when experiencing a simultaneous or non-simultaneous choice between follicular fluids. We report robust evidence under these two distinct experimental conditions that follicular fluid from different females consistently and differentially attracts sperm from specific males. This chemoattractant-moderated choice of sperm offers eggs an avenue to exercise independent mate preference. Indeed, gamete-mediated mate choice did not reinforce pre-mating human mate choice decisions. Our results demonstrate that chemoattractants facilitate gamete-mediated mate choice in humans, which offers females the opportunity to exert cryptic female choice for sperm from specific males. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Protein-lipid association in lizard chemical signals
<p>Most animal chemical signals comprise a complex mixture of compounds, each with its own chemical properties, which are combined to maximize signal efficacy in a given environment. Such blends forms integrated functional units hypothesized to be shaped by selective forces acting on the functional mixture as a whole, rather than on a single component.</p> <p>Chemical communication plays a pivotal role in lizards, and many species have developed specialized epidermal glands whose secretions are waxy, homogeneous blends of lipids and proteins used for intra- and inter-specific signalling. Lipids are historically considered the main semiochemical source, while proteins provide mere structural support to the lipophilic fraction. Recent discoveries, however, point towards a key signalling role for proteins, as well.</p> <p>The potential signalling functions of both proteins and lipids let use to hypothesise that they should undergo to a certain degree of integration. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the composition and complexity of the lipophilic and proteinaceous fractions of the epidermal gland secretions of 36 lizard species (Lacertidae), and combining quantitative, phylogenetically-informed analysis with tandem mass spectrometry to identify the proteins responsible for such a potential association.</p> <p>We found the composition and complexity of proteins and lipids to be strongly correlated. Protein composition was mostly influenced by the relative proportion of cholestanol, provitamin D<sub>3</sub>, stigmasterol, and tocopherol, while the complexity of the protein pattern increased with that of lipids. Additionally, two identified proteins (carbonic anhydrase and protein disulfide isomerase) increased their concentration as provitamin D<sub>3</sub> became more abundant.</p> <p>Our results validate the hypothesis of an integration between the lipid and protein fractions of lizard secretions. The prevalence of proteins with enzymatic properties suggests the integration to be more complex than previously thought: proteins may serve to modulate the efficacy, stability, and durability of the signal, by dynamically controlling the chemical environment of the blend. Likewise, we cannot exclude that proteins contribute to the semiochemical function of the mixture, maybe forming with lipids an individual-specific chemical profile.</p> <p>Here we present the original data not available from other, already published researches (i.e., protein electrophoretic profiles and lipid composition). Notably:</p> <p>LM8.xls = excel sheet reporting the percentage concentrations of the eight lipids specifically used to characterize the lipophilic fraction</p> <p>MSdata.zip = mass spectrometry raw files (in .mzXML format) obtained from the analysis of the three molecular weight region related to the increase in provitamin D<sub>3</sub> abundance.</p>
Dataset:Female state and condition-dependent chemical signalling revealed by male choice of silk trails
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>We ask whether males of the nuptial gift-giving spider <em>Pisaura mirabilis</em> exert preferences for mates varying in their reproductive potential based on chemical information during mate search. Males were presented with binary trails consisting of silk lines and substrate-borne chemicals deposited while females were walking, from females varying in a) body condition (high vs. low), b) developmental state (subadult vs. adult) and c) mating state (unmated vs. mated). If female chemical signaling co-varies with individual state, we expect males to choose trails of females that are a) in higher body condition, indicating higher fecundity, b) adults, which can successfully reproduce, and c) unmated, to avoid sperm competition. </span><span>We show that female signaling is condition-dependent, with m</span><span>ales being</span><span> more likely to follow trails of higher body condition females, but not dependent on female mating state. Males also tended to prefer trails of adults over subadults. Choice did not depend on male individual body condition.</span></p>
Sexual differences in defensive strategies: Investigating chemical defences and visual signals in a wasp moth Amata nigriceps
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Rapid and repeated divergence of animal chemical signals in an island introduction experiment
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Dataset:Female state and condition-dependent chemical signalling revealed by male choice of silk trails
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Data from: Chemical signals from eggs facilitate cryptic female choice in humans
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Data from: Expressed vomeronasal type-1 receptors (V1rs) in bats uncover conserved sequences underlying social chemical signaling
In mammals, social and reproductive behaviors are mediated by chemical cues encoded by hyperdiverse families of receptors expressed in the vomeronasal organ. Between species, the number of intact receptors can vary by orders of magnitude. However, the evolutionary processes behind variation in receptor number, and its link to fitness-related behaviors are not well understood. From vomeronasal transcriptomes, we discovered the first evidence of intact vomeronasal type-1 receptor (V1r) genes in bats, and we tested whether putatively functional bat receptors were orthologous to those of related taxa, or whether bats have evolved novel receptors. Instead of lineage-specific duplications, we found that bat V1rs in bats show high levels of orthology to those of their relatives, and receptors are under comparative levels of purifying selection compared to non-bats. Despite widespread vomeronasal organ loss in bats, V1r copies have been retained for >65 million years. The highly conserved nature of bat V1rs challenges our current understanding of mammalian V1r function and suggest roles other than conspecific recognition or mating initiation in social behavior.
Data from: The chemical basis of a signal of individual identity: Shell pigment concentrations track the unique appearance of Common Murre eggs
In group-living species with parental care, the accurate recognition of one's own young is critical to fitness. Because discriminating offspring within a large colonial group may be challenging, progeny of colonial breeders often display familial or individual identity signals to elicit and receive costly parental provisions from their own parents. For instance, the Common Murre (or Common Guillemot: Uria aalge) is a colonially breeding seabird that does not build a nest and lays and incubates an egg with an individually unique appearance. How the shell's physical and chemical properties generate this individual variability in coloration and maculation has not been studied in detail. Here, we quantified two characteristics of the avian-visible appearance of murre eggshells collected from the wild: background coloration spectra and maculation density. As predicted by the individual identity hypothesis, there was no statistical relationship between avian-perceivable shell background coloration and maculation density within the same eggs. In turn, variation in both sets of traits was statistically related to some of their physico-chemical properties, including shell thickness and concentrations of the eggshell pigments biliverdin and protoporphyrin IX. These results illustrate how individually unique eggshell appearances, suitable for identity signaling, can be generated by a small number of structural mechanisms.
Data from: How environmental conditions shape the chemical signal design of lizards
1. The signals that animals use to communicate often differ considerably among species. Part of this variation in signal design may derive from differential natural selection on signal efficacy; the ability of the signal to travel efficiently through the environment and attract the receiver's attention. For the visual and acoustic modalities, the effect of the physical environment on signal efficacy is a well-studied selective force. Still, very little is known on its impact on the chemical signalling system. 2. Here, we take a broad, phylogenetic comparative approach to test for a relationship between animals' signal chemistry and properties of their natural environment. Our study focused on lizards from the Lacertidae family. 3. We sampled 64 species across three continents and determined the lipophilic composition of their glandular signalling secretions by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For each species, an array of environmental variables of high temporal and spatial resolution was obtained from climate databases. 4. Species varied considerably in the overall richness (number of constituents) of their secretions, as well as in the relative contribution of the major chemical compound classes. Signal richness and the relative contribution of the respective compounds exhibited little evidence of phylogenetic relatedness, suggesting that chemical signals may change very rapidly. While neither insularity nor substrate use affected chemical signal composition, we found a strong statistical relationship between the chemistry of the lizards' secretions and aspects of the thermal and hydric environment they inhabit. 5. Species from 'xeric' milieus contained high proportions of stable fatty acid esters and high molecular weight alcohols in their glandular secretions, which likely increase the persistence of secretion scent-marks. In contrast, species inhabiting 'mesic' environments produced secretions of a high chemical richness comprising high levels of aldehydes and low molecular weight alcohols. This chemical mix probably creates a volatile-rich signal that can be used for long-distance airborne communication. 6. We argue that the observed variation in chemical signal design results from differential natural selection, optimizing signal efficacy under contrasting environmental conditions.
Evolutionary and biogeographical support for species-specific proteins in lizard chemical signals
<p>The species-specific components (SSC) of animal signals can facilitate species recognition and reduce the risks of mismatching and interbreeding. Still, empirical evidence for SSCs in chemical signals is scarce and mostly limited to insect pheromones. Based on the proteinaceous femoral gland secretions of 36 lizard species (Lacertidae), we examine the SSC potential of proteins in lizard chemical signals. By quantitatively comparing the one-dimensional electrophoretic patterns of the protein fraction from femoral gland secretions, we first reveal that protein composition is species-specific, accounting for large part of the observed raw variation, and allowing us to discriminate species on this basis. Secondly, we find increased protein pattern divergence in sympatric, closely related species. Thirdly, lizard protein profiles show a low phylogenetic signal, a recent and steep increase in relative disparity, and a high rate of evolutionary change compared to non-specifically-signal traits (i.e. body size and shape). Together, these findings provide support for the species-specificity of proteins in the chemical signals of a vertebrate lineage.</p> <p>We made available two datasets:</p> <p><strong>rawdata.Rdata</strong> is an R-data file containing a single R-list object called “epg” (which stands for “electrophoretograms”). The list has 7 entries:</p> <ol> <li>$profile The normalised luma values for each sample individual; row names correspond to the species name (6 letter abbreviations) followed by a progressive integer</li> <li>$hpx a progressive number indicating the molecular weight integer corresponding to each luma value in epg$profile</li> <li>$kda the corresponding average molecular weight for each bin (in kDa)</li> <li>$spe a factor indicating the species for each profile row</li> <li>$gel a factor indicating the gel from which the profile was extracted</li> <li>$abso the absorbance value, proxy for protein concentration for each sample</li> <li>$epg.species the geometric mean of the EPG for each species (row names)</li> </ol> <p><strong>gel.zip</strong> is a zipped file with all gel images used to extract individual EPG.</p> <p>All other information and data needed to replicate our analysis are available in the published paper or in reference therein.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: A novel alarm signal in aquatic prey: Familiar minnows coordinate group defences against predators through chemical disturbance cues
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Data from: How environmental conditions shape the chemical signal design of lizards
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Data from: The chemical basis of a signal of individual identity: Shell pigment concentrations track the unique appearance of Common Murre eggs
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Investment in chemical signalling glands facilitates the evolution of sociality in lizards
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