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252 results for “chimpanzee”
Lethality datasets for "A comparative study of endoderm differentiation in humans and chimpanzees"
<p>These datasets were used to evaluate the embryonic lethality of 3 categories of genes: genes with shared reduction of variation in gene expression levels, genes with reduction of variation in only one species, and genes without a reduction of variation in either species.To obtain the data, we took the gene list of each of the 3 categories of genes and ran it through the Mammalian Phenotype database from Jackson Lab: <a href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/batch/summary">http://www.informatics.jax.org/batch/summary</a> in January 2018.</p>
Data for: Weak, but not strong, ties support coalition formation among wild female chimpanzees
<div> <div> <div> <div> <p>In social species, individuals may be able to overcome competitive constraints on cooperation by leveraging relationships with familiar, tolerant partners. While strong social ties have been linked to cooperation in several social mammals, it is unclear the extent to which weak social ties can support cooperation, particularly among non-kin. We tested the hypothesis that weakly affiliative social relationships support cooperative coalition formation using 10 years of behavioural data on wild female chimpanzees. Female chimpanzees typically disperse and reside with non-kin as adults. Their social relationships are differentiated but often relatively weak, with few dyads sharing strong bonds. Females occasionally form aggressive coalitions together. Three measures of relationship quality - party association, five-meter proximity, and whether a dyad groomed - positively predicted coalitions, indicating that relationship quality influenced coalition partnerships. However, dyads that groomed frequently did not form more coalitions than dyads that groomed occasionally, and kin did not cooperate more than expected given their relationship quality. Thus, strong bonds and kinship did not bolster cooperation. We conclude that cooperative coalitions among female chimpanzees depend on social tolerance but do not require strong bonds. Our findings highlight social tolerance as a distinct pathway through which females can cultivate cooperative relationships.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Fig. 2. ITS1 in Wild chimpanzees are infected by Trypanosoma brucei
Fig. 2. ITS1-based dendogram of trypanosomes from primate tissue and fecal samples. Sequences generated in this study are marked as follows: T ‾ tissue samples of apes (TA) and monkeys (TM); F ‾ fecal samples of apes (FA); sequences retrieved from GenBank are labeled with Latin names (Trypanosoma sp. ex Wildebeest JN673403, for T. theileri JX178185, HQ664848, and HQ664849).
Fig. 1. ITS1 in Wild chimpanzees are infected by Trypanosoma brucei
Fig. 1. ITS1-based detection of trypanosomes in blood and feces of experimentally infected mice. (A‾D, I) detection in blood; (E‾H, J) detection in feces. (A, E) Trypanosoma b. brucei; (B, F) T. b. gambiense; (C, G) T. b. rhodesiense; (D, H) T. b. evansi; (I) blood from a non-infected mouse; (J) feces from a non-infected mouse; (K) negative control; (m) marker.
Fig. 4 in Giardia duodenalis in a clinically healthy population of captive zoo chimpanzees: Rapid antigen testing, diagnostic real-time PCR and faecal microbiota profiling
Fig. 4. | Faecal bacterial community profile of captive chimpanzees infected with Giardia duodenalis detected by rapid antigen test. (A) Relative abundance of colour coded bacterial phyla separated based on presence (+) or absence (‒) of Giardia using rapid antigen test (RAT). The sample identity is located at the bottom of the graph with two labels (C20, C3) shaded indicating samples that were found as Giardia positive by real-time PCR. (B) Alpha diversity based on observed OTU and Shannon's index plotted as box plot and evaluated using t-tests. (C) Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) 2D plot using first two principal components from Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix at the genus taxonomic levels. The clustering between Giardia positive (RAT+) and negative (RAT-) samples was tested using ANOSIM. (D) Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) used plot of significant factors discriminating G. duodenalis positive from negative sample. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 3 in Giardia duodenalis in a clinically healthy population of captive zoo chimpanzees: Rapid antigen testing, diagnostic real-time PCR and faecal microbiota profiling
Fig. 3. | Faecal bacterial community profile of captive chimpanzees infected with Giardia duodenalis as detected by rapid antigen test and real-time PCR combined. (A) Relative abundance of colour coded bacterial phyla separated based on presence (+) or absence (‒) of Giardia. The sample identity is located at the bottom of the graph. (B) Alpha diversity based on observed OTU and Shannon's index plotted as box plot and evaluated using t-tests. (C) Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) 2D plot using first two principal components from Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix at the genus taxonomic levels. The clustering between Giardia positive (+) and negative (‒) samples was tested using ANOSIM. (D) Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) used plot of significant factors discriminating G. duodenalis positive from negative sample. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in Giardia duodenalis in a clinically healthy population of captive zoo chimpanzees: Rapid antigen testing, diagnostic real-time PCR and faecal microbiota profiling
Fig. 2. | Results of Giardia duodenalis rapid antigen test applied on faecal samples from chimpanzees. A positive result for the Giardia duodenalis rapid antigen test (RAT, Anigen Rapid Giardia AG Test Kit) is represented by the line in the 'T' position in the window along with the positive control line in the 'C' position.
Fig. 1 in Giardia duodenalis in a clinically healthy population of captive zoo chimpanzees: Rapid antigen testing, diagnostic real-time PCR and faecal microbiota profiling
Fig. 1. Captive chimpanzees and their enclosure in Sydney, Australia. (A) Main chimpanzee open air exhibit with multiple climbing structures. (B) View from the other direction showing entry to the indoor area at the end of the exhibit. (C) smaller exhibit with mesh covering and more climbing and sleeping structures. (D) Members of the chimpanzee troop at the Taronga Zoo.
Quantitative estimates of glacial refugia for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) since the Last Interglacial (120,000 BP)
<p>Paleoclimate reconstructions have enhanced our understanding of how past climates have shaped present-day biodiversity. We hypothesize that the geographic extent of Pleistocene forest refugia and suitable habitat fluctuated significantly in time during the late Quaternary for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Using bioclimatic variables representing monthly temperature and precipitation estimates, past human population density data and an extensive database of georeferenced presence points, we built a model of changing habitat suitability for chimpanzees at fine spatio-temporal scales dating back to the Last Interglacial (120,000 BP). Our models cover a spatial resolution of 0.0467 degrees (approximately 5.19 km2 grid cells) and a temporal resolution of between1,000–4,000 years . Using our model, we mapped habitat stability over time using three approaches, comparing our modelled stability estimates to existing knowledge of Afrotropical refugia, as well as contemporary patterns of major keystone tropical food resources used by chimpanzees, figs (Moraceae) and palms (Arecacae). Results show habitat stability congruent with known glacial refugia across Africa, suggesting their extents may have been underestimated for chimpanzees, with potentially up to ~60,000 km2 of previously unrecognized glacial refugia. The refugia we highlight coincide with higher species richness for figs and palms. Our results provide spatio-temporally explicit insights into the role of refugia across the chimpanzee range, forming the empirical foundation for developing and testing hypotheses about behavioural, ecological and genetic diversity with additional data. This methodology can be applied to other species and geographic areas when sufficient data are available.</p>
Ginkgo Chauvel's left and right superficial white matter atlas of the chimpanzee brain
<p><strong>Superficial Chauvel's chimpanzee white matter atlas.</strong></p> <p>The left and right superficial white matter atlas of the chimpanzee brain was built upon a cohort of 39 in vivo chimpanzees magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans shared by the Pr. William D. Hopkins, registered on a template space (Juna.chimp template from Vickery et al. 2020). The construction of this atlas is based on the analysis of the anatomical and diffusion MRI dataset using the tractography and fiber clustering tools available from the Ginkgo toolbox (CEA, NeuroSpin, BAOBAB, GAIA, Ginkgo Team, <a href="https://framagit.org/cpoupon/gkg">https://framagit.org/cpoupon/gkg</a>). The atlas can be visualized using the BrainVISA/Anatomist viewer available at <a href="https://brainvisa.info/web/download.html">https://brainvisa.info/web/download.html</a>.</p> <p><br> The left hemisphere atlas is composed of 422 superficial white matter bundles and the right hemisphere atlas of 400 superficial white matter bundles.<br> <br> The 38 cortical regions considered for the left and right hemispheres were : the anterior/middle/posterior superior frontal gyrus (aSFG/mSFG/pSFG) ; the anterior and posterior middle frontal gyrus (aMFG/pMFG) ; the anterior/middle/posterior inferior frontal gyrus (aIFG/mIFG/pIFG) ; the medial lateral orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC/ lOFC) ; the superior, middle, inferior precentral gyrus (sPrCG / mPrCG / iPrCG) ; the Paracentral Lobule (PCL) ; the anterior and posterior insula (alns / plns) ; the anterior, posterior superior temporal gyrus (aSTG/pSTG) ; the anterior, posterior middle temporal gyrus (aMTG/pMTG) ; the anterior and posterior inferior temporal gyrus (aITG, pITG) ; the anterior and posterior fusiform gyrus (aFFG/pFFG) ; the superior, middle and inferior postcentral gyrus (sPoCG/mPoCG/iPoCG) ; the superior parietal lobule (SPL) ; the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) ; the angular gyrus (AnG) ; the Precuneus (PCun) ; the cuneus (Cun) ; the Lingual Gyrus (LG) ; the superior, middle, inferior occipital gyrus (sOG / mOG/ iOG) ; the entorhinal Cortex (EnC) ; the parahippocampal gyrus (PHC).<br> <br> The atlas is provided using the Anatomist *.bundles/*.bundlesdata format for which metainformation can be found in the *.bundles file among which:<br> - the labels of the different white matter bundles ('labels' entry) following the syntactic rule "<right/left>_<roi1>_<roi2>_<clusterId>",<br> - the number of streamlines populating each white matter bundle ('curve3d_counts' entry), in the same order as the 'labels' key,<br> - the total number of white matter bundles ('item_count' entry),<br> - the total number of streamlines ('curves_count' entry)</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Distinct developmental trajectories for risky and impulsive decision-making in chimpanzees
<p>Human adolescence is characterized by a suite of changes in decision-making and emotional regulation that promote risky and impulsive behavior. Accumulating evidence suggests that behavioral and physiological shifts seen in human adolescence are shared by some primates, yet it is unclear if the same cognitive mechanisms are recruited. We examined developmental changes in risky choice, inter-temporal choice, and emotional responses to decision outcomes in chimpanzees, our closest-living relatives. We found that adolescent chimpanzees were more risk-seeking than adults, as in humans. However, chimpanzees showed no developmental change in inter-temporal choice, unlike humans, although younger chimpanzees did exhibit elevated emotional reactivity to waiting compared to adults. Comparisons of cortisol and testosterone indicated robust age-related variation in these biomarkers, and patterns of individual differences in choices, emotional reactivity, and hormones also supported a developmental dissociation between risk and choice impulsivity. These results show that some but not all core features of human adolescent decision-making are shared with chimpanzees.</p>
Data for: Weak, but not strong, ties support coalition formation among wild female chimpanzees
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Data from: Improving population analysis using indirect count data: A case study of chimpanzees and elephants
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Data from: Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) strategically manipulate their environment to deny conspecifics access to food
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Stone-assisted drumming in Western chimpanzees and its implications for communication and cultural transmission
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Quantitative estimates of glacial refugia for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) since the Last Interglacial (120,000 BP)
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Data from: Distinct developmental trajectories for risky and impulsive decision-making in chimpanzees
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Data for: Evaluating the impact of physical frailty during ageing in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
<p>While declining physical performance is an expected consequence of aging, human clinical research has placed increasing emphasis on physical frailty as a predictor of death and disability in the elderly. We examined non-invasive measures approximating frailty in a richly-sampled longitudinal dataset on wild chimpanzees. Using urinary creatinine to assess lean body mass, we demonstrated moderate but significant declines in physical condition with age in both sexes. While older chimpanzees spent less of their day in the trees and feeding, they did not alter activity budgets with respect to travel or resting. There was little evidence that declining lean body mass had negative consequences independent of age. Old chimpanzees with poor lean body mass rested more often but did not otherwise differ in activity. Males, but not females, in poor condition were more likely to exhibit respiratory illness. Poor muscle mass was associated acutely with death in males, but it did not predict future mortality in either sex. While there may be some reasons to suspect biological differences in the susceptibility to frailty in chimpanzees versus humans, our data are consistent with recent reports from humans that lean, physically active individuals can successfully combat frailty.</p>
Data from: Social selectivity in aging wild chimpanzees
<p>Humans prioritize close, positive relationships during aging, and socioemotional selectivity theory proposes that this shift causally depend on capacities for thinking about personal future time horizons. To examine this theory, we tested for key elements of human social aging in longitudinal data on wild chimpanzees. Aging male chimpanzees have more mutual friendships characterized by high, equitable investment, whereas younger males have more one-sided relationships. Older males are more likely to be alone, but they also socialize more with important social partners. Further, males show a relative shift from more agonistic interactions to more positive, affiliative interactions over their life span. Our findings indicate that social selectivity can emerge in the absence of complex future-oriented cognition, and they provide an evolutionary context for patterns of social aging in humans.</p>
Data from: Ecology of sleeping: the microbial and arthropod associates of chimpanzee beds
The indoor environment created by the construction of homes and other buildings is often considered to be uniquely different from other environments. It is composed of organisms that are less diverse than those of the outdoors and strongly sourced by, or dependent upon, human bodies. Yet, no one has ever compared the composition of species found in contemporary human homes to that of other structures built by mammals, including those of non-human primates. Here we consider the microbes and arthropods found in chimpanzee beds, relative to the surrounding environment (n = 41 and 15 beds, respectively). Based on the study of human homes, we hypothesized that the microbes found in chimpanzee beds would be less diverse than those on nearby branches and leaves and that their beds would be primarily composed of body-associated organisms. However, we found that differences between wet and dry seasons and elevation above sea level explained nearly all of the observed variation in microbial diversity and community structure. While we can identify the presence of a chimpanzee based on the assemblage of bacteria, the dominant signal is that of environmental microbes. We found just four ectoparasitic arthropod specimens, none of which appears to be specialized on chimpanzees or their structures. These results suggest that the life to which chimpanzees are exposed while in their beds is predominately the same as that of the surrounding environment.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.