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10 results for “chlorite”
Impact of the dynamics of the catalytic arginine on nitrite and chlorite binding by dimeric chlorite dismutase
<ul> <li><strong>Data type</strong>: spectroscopic measurements (UV-visible, ECD, EPR), DSC measurements, X-ray crystallography datasets, kinetic measurements, Molecular Dynamics simulations and data analysis.</li> <li>Files are in <strong>spc, par, DTA, DSC, dsx, csv, mtz </strong>formats</li> <li>Information on <strong>origin of the data</strong>: <ul> <li>EPR spectroscopic measurements in <strong>spc</strong>,<strong> par</strong>,<strong> DTA </strong>and<strong> DSC</strong> formats</li> <li>EPR spectroscopic simulation and analyses in <strong>m </strong>and<strong> mat</strong> format</li> <li>UV-vis spectroscopic measurements in <strong>csv</strong> format</li> <li>ECD measurements in <strong>dsx</strong> format</li> <li>Enzyme activity data in <strong>csv</strong> format</li> <li>DSC measurements in <strong>csv </strong>format</li> <li>X-ray data in <strong>mtz</strong> format</li> <li>MD simulations data are in<strong> xlsx</strong> format</li> </ul> </li> <li>The data are <strong>generated</strong> by: <ul> <li>UV−vis spectra were recorded using a Cary 60 UV−vis spectrophotometer (Agilent).</li> <li>Electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy was performed using Chirascan (Applied Photophysics, Leatherhead, U.K.).</li> <li>X-Band CW-EPR experiments were performed on A) a Bruker ESP300E spectrometer equipped with a liquid helium cryostat (Oxford Inc.); B) a Bruker ELEXSYS E580 X-band spectrometer equipped with an Oxford ESR 900 continuous-flow helium cryostat and a Bruker ER 4122 SHQ resonator.</li> <li>Enzyme activity was measured polarographically following the release of O2 by using a Clark-type oxygen electrode (Oxygraph Plus; Hansatech Instruments, Norfolk, U.K.).</li> <li>Differential scanning calorimetry experiments were performed on a Micro-Cal PEAQ-DSC Automated instrument (Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Malvern, U.K.) equipped with an autosampler for 96-well plates and controlled by the MicroCal PEAQ-DSC software.</li> <li>Crystallization experiments were performed using the sitting drop vapor diffusion method in SWISSCI MRC three-well crystallization plates (Molecular Dimensions, Newmarket, U.K.). Crystallization drops were set up using a mosquito crystallization robot (TTP Labtech). Commercially available crystallization screens were used for further screening. Crystallization plates were stored in a Formulatrix RI-1000 imaging device at 22 °C. Data were collected at 100 K using an Eiger2 XE 16 M detector at the beamline i04 at the Diamond Light Source (DLS, Didcot, United Kingdom). Further data was collected at 100 K at beamline ID30A-3 using a Eiger X 4 M detector, at beamline ID-23-1 using a Pilatus 6 M detector and at beamline ID23-2 using a PILATUS3 X 2 M detector at the of European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, Grenoble, France). Data sets were processed with XDS, and symmetry equivalent reflections merged with XDSCONV.</li> <li>Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using the GROMOS11 molecular simulation package and GROMOS force field 54A8. Analyses of the coordinate trajectories was done with Gromos++ programs hbond, rdf and mdf. Coordinates at specific time point were generated using Gromos++ program frameout and analysed using PyMOL Molecular Graphics System.</li> <li> <ul> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20211216_01_EPR </strong>folder includes EPR spectroscopic measurements and computer simulations/analyses, original data are in <strong>spc</strong>/<strong>par </strong>or<strong> DTA/DSC</strong> formats; files in <strong>m</strong> format were used to process the data.</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20211216_02_UV-vis </strong>folder includes UV-Vis spectroscopic measurements of pH-titration in <strong>csv</strong> format.</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20211216_03_ECD </strong>folder includes ECD measurements of the far UV (180–260 nm) and visible (260–500 nm) area, as well as unfolding curves in <strong>dsx</strong> format.</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20211216_04_activity </strong>folder includes Clark electrode/activity measurements in<strong> csv</strong> format.</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20211216_05_DSC </strong>folder includes DSC measurements in <strong>csv </strong>format.</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20211216_06_Xray </strong>folder includes pre-processed (from the beamline pipeline) data sets in <strong>mtz</strong> format.</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20211216_MD-Simulations </strong>folder includes pre-processed molecular dynamics data in<strong> xlsx</strong> format.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>NB. See the “READ ME” text file in each subfolder for more detailed information on files organization.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Information on</strong>: <ul> <li>Abbreviations:<strong> Cld</strong>, chlorite dismutase; <strong><em>C</em>Cld</strong>, chlorite dismutase from Cyanothece sp. PCC7425; <strong>CW</strong>, continuous wave; <strong><em>D</em></strong>, tetragonal zero-field splitting; <strong>DSC</strong>, differential circular calorimetry; <strong><em>E</em></strong>, rhombic zero-field splitting; <strong>ECD</strong>, electronic circular dichroism; <strong>EPR</strong>, electron paramagnetic resonance; <strong>HS</strong>, high-spin; <strong>LS</strong>, lowspin; <strong><em>Nd</em>Cld</strong>, chlorite dismutase from “Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii”; <strong>WT</strong>, wild type; <strong>ZFS</strong>, zero-field splitting.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Units of measurement: <ul> <li>Concentration: <strong>mM</strong> (millimolar), <strong>µM</strong> (micromolar), <strong>mg/mL</strong> (milligrams per milliliter), <strong>w/v %</strong> (weigth/volume) <strong>v/v %</strong> (volume/volume)</li> <li>Absorptivity: <strong>M<sup>-1</sup></strong> <strong>cm<sup>-1</sup></strong></li> <li>Volume: <strong>mL</strong> (milliliters), <strong>µL </strong>(microliters), <strong>nL</strong> (nanoliters)</li> <li>Wavelength:<strong> nm</strong> (nanometers)</li> <li>Temperature:<strong> °C</strong> (Celsius degrees), <strong>K</strong> (Kelvin degrees)</li> <li>Time:<strong> min</strong> (minutes), <strong>h</strong> (hours), <strong>ns</strong> (nanoseconds)</li> <li>Ellipticity: millidegrees</li> <li>Frequency: <strong>GHz</strong> (gigahertz), <strong>kHz</strong> (kilohertz)</li> <li>Power: <strong>mW</strong> (milliwatt)</li> <li>Pressure: <strong>atm</strong> (atmosphere)</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Compound I Formation and Reactivity in Dimeric Chlorite Dismutase: Impact of pH and the Dynamics of the Catalytic Arginine
<ul> <li><strong>Data type</strong>: spectroscopic measurements (UV-visible, ECD, EPR), enzyme activity measurements, mass spectrometry, spectroelectrochemistry and data analysis.</li> <li>Files are in<strong> .DTA, .DSC, .xlsx, .m, .mat, .BSW, .csv, .txt, .dsx, .pdf, .uds </strong>formats</li> <li>Information on <strong>origin of the data</strong>: <ul> <li>EPR spectroscopic measurements in <strong>DTA </strong>and<strong> DSC</strong> formats</li> <li>EPR spectroscopic simulation and analyses in <strong>m </strong>and<strong> mat</strong> format</li> <li>Analysis of Rapid Freeze-Quench calibration curve is in <strong>xlsx</strong> format</li> <li>UV-vis spectroscopic measurements in <strong>csv, xlsx, txt, uds and dsx</strong> format</li> <li>ECD measurements in <strong>csv, xlsx and dsx</strong> format</li> <li>Enzyme activity data in <strong>csv and xlsx</strong> format</li> <li>Mass spectrometry data in <strong>pdf and xlsx</strong> format</li> <li>Spectroelectrochemistry data in <strong>BSW</strong> and <strong>xlsx</strong> format</li> </ul> </li> <li>The data are <strong>generated</strong> by: <ul> <li>UV−vis spectra were recorded using a Cary 60 UV–vis spectrophotometer (Agilent) and a U-3900 spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Mannheim, Germany).</li> <li>Electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy was performed using Chirascan (Applied Photophysics, Leatherhead, UK).</li> <li>Rapid Freeze-Quench of EPR sample was performed with the use of a device from BioLogic (Grenoble, France), consisting of an SFM-2000 stopped-flow unit and an MPS-70 controller unit, combined with a freeze-quench sample collector adapted for EPR tubes. The ejected volumes and flow rate were controlled by the BioLogic BIOKINE software, v. 4.72.</li> <li>X-Band CW-EPR experiments were performed on X-band ELEXSYS E580 spectrometer (Bruker BioSpin GmbH) operating at a microwave frequency of ∼9.4 GHz and equipped with a standard TE102 cavity and a liquid He cryostat (Oxford Inc.)</li> <li>Enzyme activity was measured polarographically following the release of O<sub>2</sub> by using a Clark-type oxygen electrode (Oxygraph Plus; Hansatech Instruments, Norfolk, UK).</li> <li>Stopped-flow spectroscopy measurements were performed with a SX-18MV or Pi-star from Applied Photophysics using either a diode array detector or a monochromator and photomultiplier detector.</li> <li>Mass spectrometry analysis was performed with an ion-trap mass spectrometer (amaZon speed ETD, Bruker) equipped with the standard ESI source in positive ion, DDA mode (i.e., switching to MSMS mode for eluting peaks).</li> <li>All spectroelectrochemistry experiments were conducted in a homemade OTTLE (optical transparent thin-layer spectroelectrochemical) cell. In detail, the three-electrode configuration consisted of a gold minigrid working electrode (Buckbee-Mears, Chicago, IL), a homemade Ag/AgCl/KCl<sub>sat</sub> microreference electrode separated from the working solution by a Vycor set, and a platinum wire as the counter electrode. UV−vis spectra were recorded using a Varian Cary C50 spectrophotometer.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>If the dataset includes multiple files that relate to each other: <ul> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20230302_01_EPR </strong>folder includes EPR spectroscopic measurements and computer simulations/analyses, original data are in <strong>DTA/DSC</strong> formats; files in <strong>m</strong> format were used to process the data.</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20230302_02_UVVIS </strong>folder includes sequential and non-sequential stopped flow data, measured with detection by photodiode array or monochromator (time traces): original data is in <strong>dsx and csv </strong>format<strong>, xlsx </strong>format contains processed data; conventional photometric data is originally in <strong>txt and uds </strong>format, <strong>xlsx </strong>format contains processed data</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20230302_03_ECD</strong> folder contain ECD spectra: original data is in <strong>dsx and csv </strong>format<strong>, xlsx </strong>format contains processed data</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20230302_04_Enzyme activity </strong>folder contain polarographically detected changes in dioxygen concentration, due to enzyme activity: original data is in <strong>csv </strong>format<strong>, xlsx </strong>format contains processed data</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20230302_05_MassSpec </strong>folder contain mass spectrometry data for the MNP assay: original data is in <strong>pdf </strong>format<strong>, xlsx </strong>format contains processed data</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20230302_06_Spectroelectrochemistry </strong>folder includes spectroelectrochemistry measurements and computer analyses, original data are in <strong>BSW</strong> formats; files in <strong>xlsx</strong> format were used to process the data.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>NB. See the “READ ME” text file in each subfolder for more detailed information on files organization.</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Information on: <ul> <li><strong>Abbreviations:</strong> <ul> <li>, chlorite dismutase; <strong><em>C</em>Cld</strong>, chlorite dismutase from Cyanothece sp. PCC7425; <strong>CcP</strong>, cytochrome c peroxidase;<strong> DaCld</strong>, chlorite dismutase from <em>Dechloromonas aromatica</em>; <strong>E°′</strong>, standard reduction potential; <strong>ECD</strong>, electronic circular dichroism; <strong>EPR</strong>, electron paramagnetic resonance; <strong>HRP</strong>, horseradish peroxidase; <strong>LPO</strong>, lactoperoxidase; <strong>MNP</strong>, 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane; <strong>MPO</strong>, myeloperoxidase; <strong>PAA</strong>, peracetic acid; <strong>RFQ</strong>, rapid freeze-quench.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>Units of measurement</strong>: <ul> <li>Concentration: <strong>mM</strong> (millimolar), <strong>µM</strong> (micromolar), <strong>nM</strong> (nanomolar), <strong>mg/mL</strong> (milligrams per milliliter)</li> <li>Molecular mass: <strong>Da</strong> (Dalton)</li> <li>Absorptivity: <strong>M<sup>-1</sup></strong> <strong>cm<sup>-1</sup></strong></li> <li>Volume: <strong>mL</strong> (milliliters), <strong>µL </strong>(microliters), <strong>nL</strong> (nanoliters)</li> <li>Wavelength:<strong> nm</strong> (nanometers)</li> <li>Temperature:<strong> °C</strong> (Celsius degrees), <strong>K</strong> (Kelvin degrees)</li> <li>Time:<strong> ms</strong> (milliseconds), <strong>s</strong> (seconds), <strong>min</strong> (minutes), <strong>h</strong> (hours),</li> <li>Ellipticity: millidegrees</li> <li>Frequency: <strong>GHz</strong> (gigahertz), <strong>kHz</strong> (kilohertz)</li> <li>Power: <strong>mW</strong> (milliwatt)</li> <li>Magnetic field: <strong>mT</strong> (milliTesla)</li> <li>Reduction potential: <strong>mV </strong>(milliVolts)</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Frictional properties of feldspar-chlorite altered gouges and implications for fault reactivation in hydrothermal systems
<p>As particularly common minerals in granites, the presence of feldspar and altered feldspar-chlorite gouges at hydrothermal conditions have important implications in fault strength and reactivation. We present laboratory observations of frictional strength and stability of feldspar (K-feldspar and albite) and altered feldspar-chlorite gouges under conditions representative of deep geothermal reservoirs to evaluate the impact on fault stability. Velocity-stepping experiments are performed at a confining stress of 95 MPa, pore pressures of 35–90 MPa and temperatures of 120–400°C representative of in situ conditions for such reservoirs. Our experiment results show that the feldspar gouge is frictionally strong (<em>μ</em>~0.71) at all experimental temperatures (~120–400℃) but transitions from velocity-strengthening to velocity-weakening at <em>T</em>>120°C. Increasing the pore pressure increases the friction coefficient (~0.70-0.87) and the gouge remains velocity weakening, but this weakening decreases as pore pressures increase. The presence of alteration-sourced chlorite leads to a transition from velocity weakening to velocity strengthening in the mixed gouge at experimental temperatures and pore pressures. As a ubiquitous mineral in reservoir rocks, feldspar is shown to potentially contribute to unstable sliding over ranges in temperature and pressure typical in deep hydrothermal reservoirs. These findings emphasize that feldspar minerals may increase the potential for injection-induced seismicity on pre-existing faults if devoid of chlorite alteration.</p>
Llanddwyn Island chlorite compositions
<p>Elemental compositions of chlorites from Gwna Complex, Llanddwyn Island, Anglesey, North Wales, derived from EDS (electron dispersive spectrometry) spectra. The data are reported, and their context described, in Leah et al., Heterogeneous subgreenschist deformation in an exhumed sediment-poor mélange, submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research.</p>
Frictional properties of feldspar-chlorite altered gouges and implications for fault reactivation in hydrothermal systems
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Data from: Vegetable phylloplane microbiomes harbour class 1 integrons in novel bacterial hosts and drive the spread of chlorite resistance
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Chlorite Pipe (1965p11)
**Stone pipe (replica)** Location: W. Davenport Jones Mound (31Cw3), Caldwell County, North Carolina. Period: Late Precontact (AD 1400-1600). Material: chlorite. Dimensions: length, 27.9 mm; width, 28.2 mm; thickness, 54.2 mm. Notes: Catalog no. 1965rp11. Original artifact (catalog # 83033) is in the US National Museum of Natural History, Washington. Modeled replica is from the North Carolina Archaeological Collection, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Model by Chris LaMack. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Ferrous iron (Fe+2) released from iron-rich chlorite as a reductant for unconformity-related uranium mineralization: insights from reactive fluid flow modeling
<p>Tables 1-5</p>
Competing controls of fluid overpressurization and chloritization on strength and instability of faults in granite: Implications for seismicity triggered by fluid-injection
<p>Fluids injection for hydraulic stimulation and fracturing, typical in the development of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) in granites, can reactivate deep faults and induce seismicity. Such faults typically contain chlorite coatings as an alteration product that may impact styles of deformation – aseismic through seismic. We performed shear experiments on simulated granite fault gouges under conditions typifying a geothermal reservoir at ~4 km depth with a confining pressure of 110 MPa, a temperature of 150℃, fluid pressures of 21-80 MPa, and chlorite contents of 0-100%, to investigate the influence of effective stress and mineral composition on fault strength and stability. Our results show a transition from velocity-strengthening to velocity-weakening behavior in simulated granite gouge when the fluid pressure was elevated from 21 to 80 MPa, characterized by a transition from fault compaction to dilation – as revealed by microstructural observations – with implications in enabling unstable failure. Conversely, increasing chlorite content stabilizes slip but reduces frictional strength. The microstructures of these mixed gouges exhibit shear localized on chlorite-enriched planes and promoting fault sliding. These results suggest that earthquake ruptures occurring during fluid injection can be facilitated by fluid overpressures. And that controlling fluid overpressures and being aware of the presence of alteration minerals are both important controls in mitigating such injection-induced seismic risks.</p>
Competing controls of fluid overpressurization and chloritization on strength and instability of faults in granite: Implications for seismicity triggered by fluid-injection
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