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31 results for “chlorpyrifos”
Fig. 5 in An Agricultural Detergent as Co-Adjuvant for Entomopathogenic Fungi and Chlorpyrifos to Control Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Fig. 5. Mortality (%) of Pseudococcus viburni females to (A) chlorpyrifos alone, and (B) mixed with a nonlethal concentration of TS-2035.
Fig. 4 in An Agricultural Detergent as Co-Adjuvant for Entomopathogenic Fungi and Chlorpyrifos to Control Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Fig. 4. Mycelium growth of (A-C) Beauveria bassiana, and (D-F) Metarhizium anisopliae on Pseudococcus viburni females at 24, 72, and 172 h afer exposure.
Fig. 3 in An Agricultural Detergent as Co-Adjuvant for Entomopathogenic Fungi and Chlorpyrifos to Control Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Fig. 3. Mortality (%) of Pseudococcus viburni females to (A) Metarhizium anisopliae alone, and (B) mixed with a nonlethal concentration of TS-2035.
Fig. 1 in An Agricultural Detergent as Co-Adjuvant for Entomopathogenic Fungi and Chlorpyrifos to Control Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Fig. 1. Mortality (%) of Pseudococcus viburni females afer exposure to several concentrations of TS-2035.
Fig. 2 in An Agricultural Detergent as Co-Adjuvant for Entomopathogenic Fungi and Chlorpyrifos to Control Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Fig. 2. Mortality (%) of Pseudococcus viburni females to (A) Beauveria bassiana alone, and (B) mixed with a nonlethal concentration of TS-2035.
SlGSTE8 in Spodoptera litura participated in the resistance to phoxim and chlorpyrifos
<p class="MsoNormal">Glutathione <em><span>S</span></em>-transferases (GSTs) were reported to participate in insecticides resistance by metabolic and antioxidant activities.<em><span> </span></em>In our previous study, an ε class gene of GSTs, <em><span>SlGSTe8</span></em> in <em><span>Spodoptera litura,</span></em> was screened out to be upregulated in a population resistant to pyrethroids and organophosphates. <em><span>SlGSTe8 </span></em>was highly expressed in the larvae stage, and the digestive tissue, foregut, midgut and hindgut. While the relative expression level was low in the pupae stage and other tissues. To further explore its role in the resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates, the metabolic activity to insecticides by its recombinant protein was determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography, and its antioxidant enzyme activity was evaluated by disc diffusion assay. The recombinant protein showed significantly metabolic activity to phoxim and chlorpyrifos, but not to fenvalerate, cyhalothrin or β-cypermethrin. After incubation, the depletion rate of chlorpyrifos is 85.3%, higher than that of phoxim (17.5%). Also, the inhibition zone around filter discs decreased significantly after exposure to cumene hydroperoxide in recombinant plasmid than vector only, suggesting significant antioxidant activity of SlGSTE8. Further modeling and docking analysis indicated that the 3D structure of SlGSTE8 were well shaped for phoxim and chlorpyrifos, with the binding energy -5.58 and -5.15 kcal/mol, respectively. Our work provides evidence that <em><span>SlGSTe8</span></em> in <em><span>S. litura</span></em> plays important roles in phoxim and chlorpyrifos resistance.</p>
SlGSTE8 in Spodoptera litura participated in the resistance to phoxim and chlorpyrifos
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Data from: Chlorpyrifos interacts with other agricultural stressors to alter stream communities in laboratory microcosms
Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely used agricultural insecticides in the world, but to date there is limited empirical information about its potential to interact with other common agricultural stressors. We conducted a 15-day, community-level microcosm experiment evaluating individual and combined effects of chlorpyrifos, nutrient enrichment, and sedimentation on stream invertebrate communities (abundance, biomass, richness, size structure, composition) and ecosystem processes (primary productivity and leaf decomposition). We found that sedimentation was the most detrimental stressor, with significant negative impacts on most invertebrate community and ecosystem function variables. Even though chlorpyrifos did not cause significant invertebrate mortality in the microcosms, it still altered ecosystem function by lowering leaf decomposition rates, probably through sublethal inhibition of invertebrate shredders. Furthermore, we observed a significant reversal interaction between chlorpyrifos and sediment for small-sized invertebrates collected in gravel (abundance in sediment x insecticide microcosms was 2.4 times lower than predicted by additivity), as well as an antagonistic interaction with nutrients on invertebrate richness in the same microhabitat (richness in nutrient x insecticide microcosms was 1.6 times higher than predicted by additivity). Our results suggest that chlorpyrifos has the potential to alter freshwater ecosystem function and interact non-additively with other common agricultural stressors. These findings are in keeping with a growing body of research highlighting that multiple stressor interactions and ecosystem processes should be considered when evaluating the impacts of organic toxicants on freshwater ecosystems.
Data from: High chlorpyrifos resistance in Culex pipiens mosquitoes: strong synergy between resistance genes
We investigated the genetic determinism of high chlorpyrifos resistance (HCR), a phenotype first described in 1999 in Culex pipiens mosquitoes surviving chlorpyrifos doses greater than or equal to1 mg l−1 and more recently found in field samples from Tunisia, Israel or Indian Ocean islands. Through chlorpyrifos selection, we selected several HCR strains that displayed over 10 000-fold resistance. All strains were homozygous for resistant alleles at two main loci: the ace-1 gene, with the resistant ace-1R allele expressing the insensitive G119S acetylcholinesterase, and a resistant allele of an unknown gene (named T) linked to the sex and ace-2 genes. We constructed a strain carrying only the T-resistant allele and studied its resistance characteristics. By crossing this strain with strains harboring different alleles at the ace-1 locus, we showed that the resistant ace-1R and the T alleles act in strong synergy, as they elicited a resistance 100 times higher than expected from a simple multiplicative effect. This effect was specific to chlorpyrifos and parathion and was not affected by synergists. We also examined how HCR was expressed in strains carrying other ace-1-resistant alleles, such as ace-1V or the duplicated ace-1D allele, currently spreading worldwide. We identified two major parameters that influenced the level of resistance: the number and the nature of the ace-1-resistant alleles and the number of T alleles. Our data fit a model that predicts that the T allele acts by decreasing chlorpyrifos concentration in the compartment targeted in insects.
Data from: Chlorpyrifos interacts with other agricultural stressors to alter stream communities in laboratory microcosms
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Data from: High chlorpyrifos resistance in Culex pipiens mosquitoes: strong synergy between resistance genes
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Repeated gestational exposure of mice to chlorpyrifos oxon is associated with paraoxonase 1 (PON1)-modulated effects in maternal and fetal tissues
GEO Series GSE58103. Mus musculus. 60 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
C. elegans : Control vs. Chlorpyrifos (0.5mg/l) treatment
GEO Series GSE24229. Caenorhabditis elegans. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Using transcriptomics and metabolomics to understand species differences in sensitivity to chlorpyrifos in Japanese quail and double-crested cormorant embryos
GEO Series GSE179770. Coturnix japonica; Phalacrocorax auritus. 29 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
C. elegans : Control vs. Chlorpyrifos and Diazinon treatments at 24oC
GEO Series GSE24257. Caenorhabditis elegans. 18 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Transcriptional impact of organophosphate pesticides chlorpyrifos and malathion and their mixture on the juvenile coho salmon olfactory system.
GEO Series GSE47984. Oncorhynchus kisutch; Salmo salar. 70 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Next Generation Sequencing Analysis of Prenatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure embryonic kidneys
GEO Series GSE131263. Mus musculus. 8 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
C. elegans : Control vs. Chlorpyrifos (0.5mg/ml) treatment
GEO Series GSE16688. Caenorhabditis elegans. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) digestive gland tissue: effects of 17β-estradiol injection in reference and Chlorpyrifos pre-exposed animals
GEO Series GSE26222. Mytilus galloprovincialis. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
C. elegans : Control vs. Chlorpyrifos (0.5mg/ml) + Diazinon (1 mg/ml) treatment
GEO Series GSE16698. Caenorhabditis elegans. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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