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938 results for “chronic infection”
Chronic wasting disease alters the movement behavior and habitat use of mule deer during clinical stages of infection
<p>Integrating host movement and pathogen data is a central issue in wildlife disease ecology that will allow for a better understanding of disease transmission. We examined how adult female mule deer (<em>Odocoileus hemionus</em>) responded behaviorally to infection with chronic wasting disease (CWD). We compared movement and habitat use of CWD-infected deer (<em>n</em> = 18) to those that succumbed to starvation (and were CWD-negative by ELISA and IHC; <em>n</em> = 8) and others in which CWD was not detected (<em>n</em> = 111, including animals that survived the duration of the study) using GPS collar data from two distinct populations collared in central Wyoming, USA during 2018–2022. CWD and predation were the leading causes of mortality during our study (32 of 91 deaths attributed to CWD and 27 of 91 deaths attributed to predation). Deer infected with CWD moved slower and used lower elevation areas closer to rivers in the months preceding death compared with uninfected deer that did not succumb to starvation. Although CWD-infected deer and those that died of starvation moved at similar speeds during the final months of life, CWD-infected deer used areas closer to streams with less herbaceous biomass than deer that died of starvation. These behavioral differences may allow for the development of predictive models of disease status from movement data, which will be useful to supplement field and laboratory diagnostics or when mortalities cannot be quickly retrieved to assess cause-specific mortality. Furthermore, identifying individuals that are sick before predation events could help to assess the extent to which disease mortality is compensatory with predation. Finally, infected animals began to slow down around four months prior to death from CWD. Our approach for detecting the timing of infection-induced shifts in movement behavior may be useful in application to other disease systems to better understand the response of wildlife to infectious disease.</p>
Fig. 1 in Apparent effect of chronic Plasmodium infections on disease severity caused by experimental infections with Mycoplasma gallisepticum in house finches
Fig. 1. Mean severity of eye lesions ± SE (circles), and M. gallisepticum-load (log (qPCR+1)) (triangles) of birds infected through horizontal transmission with the CA2015 strain of M. gallisepticum. Birds in which Plasmodium was detected by PCR (grey symbols) developed more severe disease than birds in which Plasmodium was not found (white symbol). As there is no significant interaction between M. gallisepticum ‾strain and Plasmodium infection (Table 2) the results for the other M. gallisepticum strains are qualitatively similar and therefore not shown.
Fig. 4 in First record of chronic Fascioloides magna infection in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Fig. 4. Same liver as in Fig. 3. Left part of the liver contains new migratory channels. Note less pronounced hemorrhages and clean migratory channels, as well as traces of iron-porphyrin on surface of the livers.
Fig. 3 in First record of chronic Fascioloides magna infection in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Fig. 3. Cut surface of roe deer liver. Note the pseudocyst and numerous ironporphyrin traces in the liver parenchyma and fluke extracted from the pseudocyst.
Fig. 1 in First record of chronic Fascioloides magna infection in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Fig. 1. Acutely infected roe deer liver. Irregular liver surface with opaque Glissons capsule, traces of dark pigment and nodular protrusions (hemorrhages).
Fig. 5. H&E in First record of chronic Fascioloides magna infection in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Fig. 5. H&E liver pseudocyst fragment (Sony alpha 6000). The center of the cyst containing numerous F. magna eggs, traces of free (P) and phagocytosed intracellular iron-porphyrin (IP) embedded in thick collagenous tissue (C), surrounded by numerous irregular bile ducts (B), new blood vessels (BV) and hypertrophied smooth muscle bundles. Magnification 2x.
Knockout of liver fluke granulin, Ov-grn-1, impedes malignant transformation during chronic infection with Opisthorchis viverrini: BrdU staining and fibrosis
<p>Knockout of liver fluke granulin, Ov-grn-1, impedes malignant transformation during chronic infection with Opisthorchis viverrini:</p> <p>1. BrdU stained images for the detection of proliferation with manual counting of brown stained cell proportion. Each group in a seperate file BRDUxxx</p> <p>2. Fibrosis local images stained with Sirius red with automated analysis with imageJ. Grouped into one zip file</p> <p>3. Global analysis of liver fibrosis pathogenesis (Ishak scores) performed by 2 blinded pathologists. Grouped into one zip file</p> <p>Methods in associated publication. Briefly 3 groups of 15 hamsters were infected with 100 NEJ flukes that had been gene edited with CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids targeting either Ov-grn-1, Ov-tsp-2, or a scrambled sequence as the control group. Images in these files are the micrographs from these three groups of hamsters. Numbered 1-15 representing the hamster and left/middle/right representing the liver lobe the section was taken from.</p> <p> </p> <p>Knockout of liver fluke granulin, Ov-grn-1, impedes malignant transformation during chronic infection with Opisthorchis viverrini</p> <p>ABSTRACT: Infection with the food-borne liver fluke <em>Opisthorchis viverrini</em> is the principal risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in the Mekong Basin countries of Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam, Myanmar and Cambodia. Using a novel model of CCA, involving infection with gene-edited liver flukes in the hamster during concurrent exposure to dietary nitrosamine, we explored the role of the fluke granulin-like growth factor <em>Ov</em>-GRN-1 in malignancy. We derived RNA-guided gene knockout flukes (<em>ΔOv-grn-1)</em> using CRISPR/Cas9/gRNA materials delivered by electroporation. Genome sequencing confirmed programmed Cas9-catalyzed mutations of the targeted genes, which was accompanied by rapid depletion of transcripts and the proteins they encode. Gene-edited parasites colonized the biliary tract of hamsters and developed into adult flukes. However, less hepatobiliary tract disease manifested during chronic infection with <em>ΔOv-grn-1</em> worms in comparison to hamsters infected with control gene-edited and mock-edited parasites. Specifically, immuno- and colorimetric-histochemical analysis of livers revealed markedly less periductal fibrosis surrounding the flukes and less fibrosis globally within the hepatobiliary tract during infection with <em>ΔOv-grn-1</em> genotype worms, minimal biliary epithelial cell proliferation, and significantly fewer mutations of <em>TP53</em> in biliary epithelial cells. Moreover, fewer hamsters developed high-grade CCA compared to controls. The clinically relevant, pathophysiological phenotype of the hepatobiliary tract confirmed a role for this secreted growth factor in malignancy and morbidity during opisthorchiasis.</p>
Personalized aerosolised bacteriophage treatment of a chronic lung infection due to multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
<p>Bacteriophage therapy has been suggested as an alternative or complementary strategy for the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. Here, we report the favourable clinical evolution of a 41-year-old male patient with a Kartagener syndrome complicated by a life-threatening MDR <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>infection, who was treated successfully with iterative aerosolized phage treatments specifically directed against the patient’s isolate. We followed the longitudinal evolution of both phage and bacterial loads during and after phage administration in respiratory samples. Phage titres in consecutive sputum samples showed <em>in patient</em> phage replication. Phenotypic analysis and whole genome sequencing of sequential bacterial isolates revealed a clonal, but phenotypically diverse population of hypermutator strains. The MDR phenotype in the collected isolates was multifactorial and mainly due to spontaneous chromosomal mutations. All isolates recovered after phage treatment remained phage susceptible. These results demonstrate that clinically significant improvement is achievable by personalised phage therapy even in the absence of complete eradication of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> lung colonization.</p>
Fig. 1 in Infection with Toxoplasma gondii can promote chronic liver diseases in HIV-infected individuals
Fig. 1. Frequency of different liver pathologies in deceased patients from cohorts seropositive and seronegative to Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908). * – difference between the indices for the entire cohort of seropositive patients and for the group of deceased patients from this cohort (p <0.05); ^ – difference between the indices for the entire cohort of seronegative patients and for the group of deceased patients from this cohort (p <0.05)
Chronic wasting disease alters the movement behavior and habitat use of mule deer during clinical stages of infection
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Massively parallel sequencing data of the HIV-1 pol region generated from the plasma of therapy-naïve chronically infected Brazilian blood donors
<p>The submitted massively parallel sequencing (MPS) data were partial data from the pol region of HIV-1 plasma viruses. Samples were obtained from 18 therapy-naive HIV-1 Brazilian blood donors with longstanding infection. Illumina ultra-deep sequencing technology (MiSeq platform) was used to generate the sequences. </p>
Fig. 2 in First record of chronic Fascioloides magna infection in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Fig. 2. Flukes' migratory paths with excessive hemorrhages.
Physiological impacts of chronic and experimental Plasmodium infection on breeding-condition male songbirds
<p>This file contains data for an experimental inoculation project aimed at understanding physiological impacts of <em>Plasmodium </em>in breeding-condition songbirds. The 'readme' tab contains explanations for columns on each spreadsheet. We first compared metrics of health (mass, scaled mass, hematocrit, activity rate) and reproductive readiness (cloacal protuberance volume, maximum testosterone concentration in plasma) in male songbirds (Dark-eyed junco, <em>Junco hyemalis hyemalis</em>) with and without chronic <em>Plamodium</em> infections. Then, we quantified the change in these metrics following experimental inoculation with <em>Plasmodium</em>, and asked whether these changes varied between males with and without chronic <em>Plasmodium</em> infections.</p>
Association Between Increased Oxidative Stress, Anti-Inflammatory Fatty Acid Formation, and Airway Infection in People With Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00595114. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Safety and Efficacy of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir Fixed Dose Combination Administered in Patients Infected With Chronic Genotype 1 or 4 HCV for Use in the Peri-Operative Liver Transplantation Setting
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02350569. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Study of Different Combination Regimens Including JNJ-73763989 and/or JNJ-56136379 for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03982186. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 19. Publications: 2.
Safety and Efficacy of Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir/Voxilaprevir and Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir in Adults With Chronic HCV Infection Who Have Not Previously Received Treatment With Direct-Acting Antiviral Thera
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02607800. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 8. Publications: 1.
A Study to Evaluate Pegylated Interferon Lambda Monotherapy in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02765802. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 3. Publications: 3.
Study to Evaluate Arikayce™ in CF Patients With Chronic Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infections
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01315678. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 18. Publications: 1.
Targeting Platelets in Chronic HIV Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02578706. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.