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Fig. 3 in Water temperature affects aggressive interactions in a Neotropical cichlid fish
Fig. 3. Mean ± SE of initial (third day) and final (eighth day) frequencies of a. restrained aggression and b. overt aggression of group-housed fish. Different letters show differences among treatments. Mixed Model ANOVA completed by Fisher-LSD post hoc test.
Testing alternative hypotheses for the decline of cichlid fish in Lake Victoria using fish fossils time series from sediment cores
<p>Lake Victoria is well known for its high diversity of endemic fish species that provide livelihoods for millions of people. The lake garnered widespread attention during the twentieth century as major environmental and ecological changes modified the fish community with the extinction of ~40% of endemic cichlid species by the 1980s. Suggested causal factors include anthropogenic eutrophication, fishing, and introduced non-native species but their relative importance remains unresolved because monitoring data started in the 1970s when changes were already underway. Here, for the first time, we reconstruct two time series, covering the last ~200 years, of fish assemblage using fish teeth preserved in lake sediments. Two sediment cores Lake Victoria (Mwanza Gulf), were subsampled continuously at intra-decadal resolution, and teeth were identified to major taxa: Cyprinoidea, Haplochromini, Mochokidae, and Oreochromini. None of the fossils could be confidently assigned to non-native Nile Perch. Our data show significant decreases in haplochromine and oreochromine cichlid fish abundances began long before Nile Perch's arrival, while cyprinoids have generally been increasing. Our study is the first to reconstruct a time series of fish assemblage in Lake Victoria extending deeper back in time than the past 50 years, helping shed light on processes underlying Lake Victoria's biodiversity loss.</p>
Fig. 8 in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus <em>Shuja</em> from Lake Tanganyika and the new species <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> <em>scatebra</em> from northern Tanzania
Fig. 8. Morphology of Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893, imaged using x-ray tomography micro CT. a. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893, paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1 from Korogwe. b. C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). c. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga &
Fig. 7 in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus <em>Shuja</em> from Lake Tanganyika and the new species <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> <em>scatebra</em> from northern Tanzania
Fig. 7. Morphology of Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893.a, d, g. Oral teeth.b, e, h. Chest squamation illustrating scale-free patches. c, f, i. Cheek squamation illustrating the reduction in scale number towards the ventral section of the cheek. a–c. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893 from Korogwe (paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1); d–f. C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3); g–i. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov. from Chemka Springs (holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4). Scale bars:
Fig. 6. a. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893, lectotype ZMH402 in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus <em>Shuja</em> from Lake Tanganyika and the new species <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> <em>scatebra</em> from northern Tanzania
Fig. 6. a. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893, lectotype ZMH402 from Korogwe (imaged by Thilo Weddehage). b. C. pectoralis, paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1 from Korogwe. c. C. pectoralis, ♂ from Ruvu River shortly after capture (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). d. C. pectoralis, ♂ from Ruvu River preserved state (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). e. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov., ♂ from Chemka Springs shortly after capture (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). f. C. scatebra
Fig. 4 in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus <em>Shuja</em> from Lake Tanganyika and the new species <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> <em>scatebra</em> from northern Tanzania
Fig. 4. Phylogenetic reconstructions of representatives of populations of Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893, as well as representatives of the Lake Malawi haplochromine radiation, and the Lake Tanganyika Tropheini Poll, 1986. a. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction based on 11 288 SNPs. b. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction based on 1047 basepairs of the entired NADH2 mtDNA gene. In both trees, numbers on branches indicate percentage bootstrap support, and branches with> 70% support are shown. The scale bars represent a measure of genetic distance. See Table 1 for sampling details. Collection localities are in parentheses. Samples from Nyumba ya Mungu have accessions
Fig. 5. Shuja horei gen. et comb. nov. a in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus <em>Shuja</em> from Lake Tanganyika and the new species <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> <em>scatebra</em> from northern Tanzania
Fig. 5. Shuja horei gen. et comb. nov. a. Illustration from the original type specimen (Günther 1894). b. A freshly caught specimen collected in 2016 from the Malagarasi River, Ilagala (BMNH 2021.7.15.14). c. Radiographs of the type series (syntypes) from the Natural History Museum (BMNH 1889.1.30.13– 15). Note the prognathous jaw that distinguishes Shuja Genner, Ngatunga & Turner gen. nov. from other genera within the Tropheini Poll, 1986. Radiographs from the Natural History Museum, London
Fig. 3. Principal Component Axes 1 and 2 in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus <em>Shuja</em> from Lake Tanganyika and the new species <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> <em>scatebra</em> from northern Tanzania
Fig. 3. Principal Component Axes 1 and 2 of morphological measurements of specimens of Ctenochromis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893 of the type series from Korogwe, compared with specimens of C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River, and C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov. from Chemka Springs. The image of C. pectoralis from Korogwe is from the original description (Pfeffer 1893). Collection localities are in parentheses following the species names. In total, Principal Component Axes 1 and 2
Fig. 1 in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus <em>Shuja</em> from Lake Tanganyika and the new species <em><em>Ctenochromis</em></em> <em>scatebra</em> from northern Tanzania
Fig. 1. The type locality of Ctenochromis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893 is Korogwe, in the lower section of the Pangani River system. Collection sites of specimens of Ctenochromis for this study were Chemka Springs and the Ruvu River (which flows between Lake Jipe to the east, and Nyumba ya Mungu Reservoir to the west). A further population of Ctenochromis has been reported from Mzima Springs, in
Fig. 6. a. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893, lectotype ZMH402 in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus Ctenochromis (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus Shuja from Lake Tanganyika and the new species Ctenochromis scatebra from northern Tanzania
Fig. 6. a. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893, lectotype ZMH402 from Korogwe (imaged by Thilo Weddehage). b. C. pectoralis, paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1 from Korogwe. c. C. pectoralis, ♂ from Ruvu River shortly after capture (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). d. C. pectoralis, ♂ from Ruvu River preserved state (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). e. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov., ♂ from Chemka Springs shortly after capture (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). f. C. scatebra sp. nov. holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4. Scale bars: 10 mm.
Fig. 4 in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus Ctenochromis (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus Shuja from Lake Tanganyika and the new species Ctenochromis scatebra from northern Tanzania
Fig. 4. Phylogenetic reconstructions of representatives of populations of Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893, as well as representatives of the Lake Malawi haplochromine radiation, and the Lake Tanganyika Tropheini Poll, 1986. a. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction based on 11 288 SNPs. b. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction based on 1047 basepairs of the entired NADH2 mtDNA gene. In both trees, numbers on branches indicate percentage bootstrap support, and branches with> 70% support are shown. The scale bars represent a measure of genetic distance. See Table 1 for sampling details. Collection localities are in parentheses. Samples from Nyumba ya Mungu have accessions EU753938 and EU753939 and are from Koblmüller et al. (2008).
Fig. 1 in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus Ctenochromis (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus Shuja from Lake Tanganyika and the new species Ctenochromis scatebra from northern Tanzania
Fig. 1. The type locality of Ctenochromis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893 is Korogwe, in the lower section of the Pangani River system. Collection sites of specimens of Ctenochromis for this study were Chemka Springs and the Ruvu River (which flows between Lake Jipe to the east, and Nyumba ya Mungu Reservoir to the west). A further population of Ctenochromis has been reported from Mzima Springs, in the Tsavo River system of Kenya.
Fig. 5. Shuja horei gen. et comb. nov. a in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus Ctenochromis (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus Shuja from Lake Tanganyika and the new species Ctenochromis scatebra from northern Tanzania
Fig. 5. Shuja horei gen. et comb. nov. a. Illustration from the original type specimen (Günther 1894). b. A freshly caught specimen collected in 2016 from the Malagarasi River, Ilagala (BMNH 2021.7.15.14). c. Radiographs of the type series (syntypes) from the Natural History Museum (BMNH 1889.1.30.13– 15). Note the prognathous jaw that distinguishes Shuja Genner, Ngatunga & Turner gen. nov. from other genera within the Tropheini Poll, 1986. Radiographs from the Natural History Museum, London (Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)). Scale bars: 10 mm.
Fig. 7 in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus Ctenochromis (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus Shuja from Lake Tanganyika and the new species Ctenochromis scatebra from northern Tanzania
Fig. 7. Morphology of Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893.a, d, g. Oral teeth.b, e, h. Chest squamation illustrating scale-free patches. c, f, i. Cheek squamation illustrating the reduction in scale number towards the ventral section of the cheek. a–c. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893 from Korogwe (paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1); d–f. C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3); g–i. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov. from Chemka Springs (holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4). Scale bars: 1 mm.
Fig. 2. a in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus Ctenochromis (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus Shuja from Lake Tanganyika and the new species Ctenochromis scatebra from northern Tanzania
Fig. 2. a. Ruvu River where specimens of Ctenochromis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893 were collected. b. Chemka Springs where specimens of C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov. were collected. See Table 1 for collection details.
Fig. 8 in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus Ctenochromis (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus Shuja from Lake Tanganyika and the new species Ctenochromis scatebra from northern Tanzania
Fig. 8. Morphology of Ctenochromis Pfeffer, 1893, imaged using x-ray tomography micro CT. a. Ctenochomis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893, paralectotype BMNH 1899.2.27.1 from Korogwe. b. C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River (part of BMNH 2021.7.15.1-3). c. C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov., holotype BMNH 2021.7.15.4. Scale bars: 10 mm.
Fig. 3. Principal Component Axes 1 and 2 in Revision of the African cichlid fish genus Ctenochromis (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus Shuja from Lake Tanganyika and the new species Ctenochromis scatebra from northern Tanzania
Fig. 3. Principal Component Axes 1 and 2 of morphological measurements of specimens of Ctenochromis pectoralis Pfeffer, 1893 of the type series from Korogwe, compared with specimens of C. pectoralis from the Ruvu River, and C. scatebra Genner, Ngatunga & Turner sp. nov. from Chemka Springs. The image of C. pectoralis from Korogwe is from the original description (Pfeffer 1893). Collection localities are in parentheses following the species names. In total, Principal Component Axes 1 and 2 captured 74.5% of the observed morphological variation.
Data from: Ancient and recent hybridization in the Oreochromis cichlid fishes
<p>Cichlid fishes of the genus <em>Oreochromis</em> (tilapia) are among the most important fish for inland capture fisheries and global aquaculture. Deliberate introductions of non-native species for fisheries improvement and accidental escapees from farms have resulted in admixture with indigenous species. Such hybridization may be detrimental to native biodiversity, potentially leading to genomic homogenization of populations and the loss of important genetic material associated with local adaptation. By contrast, introgression may fuel diversification when combined with ecological opportunity, by supplying novel genetic combinations. To date, the role of introgression in the evolutionary history of tilapia has not been explored. Here we studied both ancient and recent hybridization in tilapia, using whole genome resequencing of 575 individuals from 23 species. We focused on Tanzania, a natural hotspot of tilapia diversity, and a country where hybridization between exotic and native species in the natural environment has been previously reported. We reconstruct the first genome-scale phylogeny of the genus and reveal prevalent ancient gene flow across the Oreochromis phylogeny. This has likely resulted in hybrid speciation of one species, <em>O. chungruruensis</em>. We identify multiple cases of recent hybridization between native and introduced species in the wild, linked to the use of non-native species in both capture fisheries improvement and aquaculture. This has potential implications for both conservation of wild populations and the development of the global tilapia aquaculture industry.</p>
Fig. 4 in Social and reproductive physiology and behavior of the Neotropical cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus under laboratory conditions
Fig. 4. Reproductive phases: a) Female laying eggs while male waits to fertilize them. This process is then repeated; b) Spawn on a flat dark stone. Generally between 400 - 800 eggs are laid, depending on female size; c) Female guarding the eggs while male attacks an intruder male. Generally one of the parents remains guarding the fry while the other feeds or defends the territory; d) Female fanning non swimming fry after transferring them to a previously dug pit; fry hatched 3 days after fertilization; e) Male guarding free swimming fry (8 days after fertilization); parents seem to attract the fry by shaking its dark pelvic fin.
Fig. 2 in Social and reproductive physiology and behavior of the Neotropical cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus under laboratory conditions
Fig. 2. Body color patterns associated with different social status; a) Schematic representation of the main features of Cichlasoma dimerus color pattern. A: red eye blotch; B: preopercular blotch, C: anterior longitudinal line; D: mid trunk blotch; E: posterior longitudinal line; F: peduncular blotch; G: dorsal transversal bars; H: ventral transversal bars. These features may "turn on" or "off" in different conditions; b) Gregarious individuals; c) Reproductive Territorial male (RT); d) Reproductive Territorial female. e) Non Reproductive Territorial male (nRnT); f) Non Reproductive non Territorial (nRnT) individual. Scale bar = 1 cm
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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