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47 results for “clearcutting”
Vegetation Cover in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest 2010-2013
We used the line-intercept method to monitor the expansion of vegetation cover at our site, post-clearcut. This dataset was also used to calculate leaf area at the site from 2010 to 2012 and also in upscaling leaf gas exchange measurements collected during the 2010 and 2012 growing seasons. The data was used in two publications listed below (as of June 2014) and numerous poster presentations. Data collection was done during the REU summer programs, with Prof. William’s graduate students and postdocs acting as guides/mentors to the REU students.
Soil Gas Exchange in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest 2011-2013
Soil CO2 efflux was measured at the clear cut site beginning in 2011. That year a nearby spruce site was also measured for comparison. Soil respiration was measured in 2011 and 2012 with the LI-COR 6200 instrument and soil efflux was calculated later in the lab. In 2013 soil respiration was measured with the LI-COR 6400 instrument, which computed the fluxes internally. In 2012 three trenched plots were established at the clear cut site. Those were established by trenching a 2 x 2 meter perimeter to a depth of about 50 cm, severing any roots. The trenches were lined with heavy duty landscaping cloth and backfilled. Soil collars were installed in the middle of the trenched plots and measured in 2012 (1 large one used with the LI-6200 machine) and in 2013 (two smaller ones used with the LI-6400 machine). Sampling points were scattered around the site, along vegetation transects (near the EC tower, across the fire access road).
Leaf Gas Exchange in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest 2010-2012
Clearcutting a forest ecosystem can result in a drastic reduction of the stand’s productivity. Despite the severity of this disturbance type, past studies have found that the productivity of young regenerating stands can quickly rebound, approaching that of mature undisturbed stands within a few years. One of the obvious reasons is increased leaf area with each year of recovery. However, a less obvious reason may be the variability in species composition and distribution during the natural regeneration process. The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent the increase in GEP, observed during the first four years of recovery, in a naturally regenerating clearcut stand was due to 1) an overall expansion of leaf area, and 2) an increase in the canopy’s photosynthetic capacity stemming from either species compositional shifts or drift in physiological traits within species. We found that the multi-year rise in GEP following harvest was clearly attributed to the expansion of leaf area rather than a change in vegetation composition. Sizeable changes in relative abundance of species were masked by remarkably similar leaf physiological attributes for a range of vegetation types present in this early successional environment. Comparison of upscaled leaf-chamber to eddy-covariance-based light-response curves revealed broad consistency in both maximum photosynthetic capacity and quantum yield efficiency. The approaches presented here illustrate how chamber- and ecosystem-scale measurements of gas exchange can be blended with species-level leaf area data to draw conclusive inferences about changes in ecosystem processes over time in a highly dynamic environment.
Soil Characteristics in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest 2012
Soil properties (C:N ratio, pH, soil moisture, bulk density, litter layer thickness) were measured at the clear cut site in December 2012. Measurements were taken inside the large PVC collars that were used to measure soil respiration at the sites during the 2012 growing season. The collars were removed for storage thereafter. 15 locations in total were sampled: 3 collars were in trenched plots, and 12 on untrenched soil. Soil properties were collected in order to help interpret spatial variability in the corresponding soil CO2 fluxes measured at the site.
Leaf Area in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest 2010-2012
This dataset contributed to an estimate of leaf area by species at the Prospect Hill clearcut regeneration site, used in a publication to attribute measured changes in gross primary productivity over time to either changes in species composition and associated traits versus changes in total leaf area. The file reports data on leaf area by species from destructive harvest in select plots. It also reports leaf area and leaf weight from destructive harvest of the foliage of select individual species to characterize the vertical distribution of foliage for those species. Corresponding measurements of total plant area recorded with a LAI-2000 before and after harvest of this foliage is reported as well, useful for inferring the leaf versus stem/branch portions of light interception as needed for improved estimates of LAI with the light-interception method. Lastly, below we report the result of an August 2012 site-level survey of plant area index measured with the LAI-2000 and converted to leaf area index.
Specific Leaf Area in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest 2012
Clearcutting a forest ecosystem can result in a drastic reduction of the stand’s productivity. Despite the severity of this disturbance type, past studies have found that the productivity of young regenerating stands can quickly rebound, approaching that of mature undisturbed stands within a few years. One of the obvious reasons is increased leaf area with each year of recovery. However, a less obvious reason may be the variability in species composition and distribution during the natural regeneration process. The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent the increase in GEP, observed during the first four years of recovery, in a naturally regenerating clearcut stand was due to 1) an overall expansion of leaf area, and 2) an increase in the canopy’s photosynthetic capacity stemming from either species compositional shifts or drift in physiological traits within species. We found that the multi-year rise in GEP following harvest was clearly attributed to the expansion of leaf area rather than a change in vegetation composition. Sizeable changes in relative abundance of species were masked by remarkably similar leaf physiological attributes for a range of vegetation types present in this early successional environment. Comparison of upscaled leaf-chamber to eddy-covariance-based light-response curves revealed broad consistency in both maximum photosynthetic capacity and quantum yield efficiency. The approaches presented here illustrate how chamber- and ecosystem-scale measurements of gas exchange can be blended with species-level leaf area data to draw conclusive inferences about changes in ecosystem processes over time in a highly dynamic environment.
Litterfall in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest 2012
Clearcutting a forest ecosystem can result in a drastic reduction of the stand’s productivity. Despite the severity of this disturbance type, past studies have found that the productivity of young regenerating stands can quickly rebound, approaching that of mature undisturbed stands within a few years. One of the obvious reasons is increased leaf area with each year of recovery. However, a less obvious reason may be the variability in species composition and distribution during the natural regeneration process. The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent the increase in GEP, observed during the first four years of recovery, in a naturally regenerating clearcut stand was due to 1) an overall expansion of leaf area, and 2) an increase in the canopy’s photosynthetic capacity stemming from either species compositional shifts or drift in physiological traits within species. We found that the multi-year rise in GEP following harvest was clearly attributed to the expansion of leaf area rather than a change in vegetation composition. Sizeable changes in relative abundance of species were masked by remarkably similar leaf physiological attributes for a range of vegetation types present in this early successional environment. Comparison of upscaled leaf-chamber to eddy-covariance-based light-response curves revealed broad consistency in both maximum photosynthetic capacity and quantum yield efficiency. The approaches presented here illustrate how chamber- and ecosystem-scale measurements of gas exchange can be blended with species-level leaf area data to draw conclusive inferences about changes in ecosystem processes over time in a highly dynamic environment.
Photosynthetically Active Radiation in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest 2013
The purpose of these measurements was to capture the light attenuation of the canopy throughout the growing season, which can help in determining leaf area/canopy openness at the site. Measurements were done along a 50-m-long transect (one of the ones used for line-intercept vegetation surveys, on the side of the EC-tower). Eight measurement locations were established along the transect, equidistant, and marked with a bright orange flag. Measurements were taken with a LI-COR LI-191 Line quantum sensor as described below. Before and after measurements along the transect, PAR-readings were taken in an open area (away from canopy cover) either at a log along the access road to the site or up on the fire tower nearby. At each location along the transect, two measurements were taken – one at the ground surface and one at a height of 1.3m (diameter at breast height).
Legacies of Historical Clearcutting, Wind and Salvage Logging in Pisgah State Forest 2016
Disturbance events affect forest composition and structure across a range of spatial and temporal scales, and subsequent forest development may differ after natural, anthropogenic, or compound disturbances. Following large, natural disturbances, salvage logging is a common and often controversial management practice in many regions of the globe. Yet, while the short-term impacts of salvage logging have been studied in many systems, the long-term effects remain unclear. We capitalized on over eighty years of data following an old-growth Tsuga canadensis-Pinus strobus forest in southwestern New Hampshire, USA after the 1938 hurricane, which severely damaged forests across much of New England. To our knowledge, this study provides the longest evaluation of salvage logging impacts, and it highlights developmental trajectories for Tsuga canadensis-Pinus strobus forests under a variety of disturbance histories. Specifically, we examined development from an old-growth condition in 1930 through 2016 across three different disturbance histories: (1) clearcut logging prior to the 1938 hurricane with some subsequent damage by the hurricane (“logged”), (2) severe damage from the 1938 hurricane (“hurricane”), and (3) severe damage from the hurricane followed by salvage logging (“salvaged”). At each site, 2-4 0.05 ha plots were established, and DBH, species, and distance and direction from plot center were recorded for each tree over 10 cm DBH. Stumps and snags were also measured. From the site center, coarse woody material was measured along three 34-m transects using the line-intersect method. Finally, a 1-ha plot was established around the site center, within which all pit-and-mound structures and stumps were recorded as well as boles associated with these structures.
Coarse Woody Debris in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest 2010
The woody debris survey was designed to quantify the baseline amount of woody debris within the clearcut site, including coarse and fine woody debris and stumps. Coarse woody debris and stumps were measured using the plot method, while fine woody debris was measured using the line intercept method. Our woody debris survey methods are detailed below. An initial or baseline survey was completed in 2010.
Respiration of Coarse Woody Debris in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest in 2011
This study explored the effects of log position and microclimate variability on the rates of coarse woody debris (CWD) respiration. The rates of respiration of downed Norway spruce (Picea abies) logs were repeatedly measured in-situ using an LI-6200 gas analyzer. Treatments included native logs in the clearcut site, native logs in a neighboring mature spruce stand, and logs transferred from the clearcut site to the mature spruce stand.
Seedlings and Saplings in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest 2010-2013
The aim of this dataset is to quantify the changes over time in woody seedling and sapling abundances and sizes at a site that was clearcut in the fall of 2008, followed by natural regeneration. It evidences successional changes in recruitment, survival, and associated self-thinning, and can be used to quantify accumulation of aboveground live biomass post-clearing with corresponding allometric relationships.
Eddy Covariance and Meteorological Data in the Clearcut Site at Harvard Forest 2009-2012
Clearcutting and other forest disturbances perturb carbon, water, and energy balances in significant ways, with corresponding influences on Earth’s climate system through biogeochemical and biogeophysical effects. Observations are needed to quantify the precise changes in these balances as they vary across diverse disturbances of different types, severities, and in various climate and ecosystem type settings. This dataset reports eddy covariance and micrometeorological measurements of surface-atmosphere exchanges that can be combined with related datasets from vegetation inventories and chamber-based estimates of soil respiration and leaf gas exchange to collectively quantify and understand how carbon, water, and energy fluxes changed during the first four years following forest clearing in a temperate forest environment of the northeastern US. Associated publications show rapid recovery with sustained increases in gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) over the first three growing seasons post-clearing, coincident with large and relatively stable net emission of CO2 because of overwhelmingly large ecosystem respiration. The rise in GEP was attributed to vegetation changes not environmental conditions (e.g. weather), but attribution to the expansion of leaf area versus changes in vegetation composition remains unclear. Soil respiration was estimated to contribute 44% of total ecosystem respiration during summer months and coarse woody debris accounted for another 18%. Evapotranspiration also recovered rapidly and continued to rise across years with a corresponding decrease in sensible heat flux. Gross shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes were stable across years except for strong wintertime dependence on snow covered conditions and corresponding variation in albedo. Overall, these findings underscore the highly dynamic nature of carbon and water exchanges and vegetation composition during the regrowth following a severe forest disturbance, and sheds light on both the
Regeneration Following Clearcutting Study at Harvard Forest since 1991
Measurements of regeneration following removal in 1990 of a 64-year old red pine plantation on the Prospect Hill tract were continued for the twelfth year in 2001. Browsing in 2001 remained at very low levels (less than 2% of stems). As mean tree height continues to increase both the amount of browsing and the impact of browsing on future stand characteristics should remain low. Overall, our observations show that browsing has had little long-term impact during the regeneration of this stand. White ash, the most heavily browsed species, remains the most common species in the plots. After remaining quite stable over the past five years, in 2001 the overall stem density of tree species declined to 17,883 stems/ha, compared with 19,464 stems/ha in 2000, 19,414 stems/ha in 1999, 19,958 stems/ha in 1998, 19,414 stems/ha in 1997, and 20,696 stems/ha in 1996. The relative importance of major species has remained the same over the past six years. In 2001, white ash (36.5%) remained the most numerous tree species, followed by red maple (26.9%), sugar maple (14.4%) and black cherry (9.4%). These percentages changed little from 2000. After a slight decrease in 2000, red oak increased slightly to 7.5% of tree stems in 2001, the majority of which were small seedlings. Overall, the percentage of stems that originated as seedlings rather than sprouts decreased to 19.3%, down from 23.1% in 2000, 23.4% in 1999, 25.4% in 1998, and 23.7% in 1997. The majority of these seedlings (55.7%) were white ash, most less than 0.5 m tall. Mean stem height rose to 3.46 m, compared to 3.20 m in 2000, 3.24 m in 1999, 3.01 m in 1998, 2.92 m in 1997, 2.87 m in 1996 and 2.67 m in 1995. The resumption in mean height growth over the past year probably reflects low seedling establishment and mortality of seedlings and young sprouts less than 0.5 m tall along with continued growth of the taller stems. The tallest stems were 20 white ash, 15 red maples, 15 sugar maples, 6 black cherries, 5 pin cherries, 3
Greenhouse gas and energy fluxes in a boreal peatland forest after clearcutting
<p>This package contains the data used in the research article: "Greenhouse gas and energy fluxes in a boreal peatland forest after clearcutting" published in Biogeosciences journal.</p> <p>Changes in this version:</p> <p>Chamber_data.xlsx is now named Chamber_data_clearcut.xlsx. CO2 fluxes were also corrected.</p> <p>Added daily mean CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes measured at the control site.</p> <p> </p> <p>Chamber_data_clearcut.xlsx contains the daily mean fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O measured with soil chambers at the clearcut site.</p> <p>Chamber_data_control.xlsx contains the daily mean fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O measured with soil chambers at the control site.</p> <p>EC_CO2_fluxes.xlsx contains the gapfilled 30-min mean CO2 fluxes (NEE) and its components (GPP and respiration).</p> <p>Energy_fluxes.xlsx contains the gapfilled hourly mean energy fluxes.</p> <p>Meteo_data.xlsx contains the daily means of the meteorological variables used in the study.</p>
H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest site, station Clearcut section of Mack Creek, study of animal abundance of Oncorhynchus clarkii in units of numberPer50MetersOfStream on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (AND) contains animal abundance of Oncorhynchus clarkii measurements in numberPer50MetersOfStream units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Crossett Experimental Forest site, station Clearcut logging stands at Crossett Experimental Forest, study of pine tree merchantable volume in units of cubicMetersPerHectare on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Crossett Experimental Forest (CRO) contains pine tree merchantable volume measurements in cubicMetersPerHectare units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Crossett Experimental Forest site, station Clearcut logging stands at Crossett Experimental Forest, study of production volume of pine in units of cubicMetersPerHectare on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Crossett Experimental Forest (CRO) contains production volume of pine measurements in cubicMetersPerHectare units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Fernow Experimental Forest site, station Compartment 8, subcompartment A, commerical clearcut treatment in mixed hardwood forest, study of plant diversity in units of ShannonWeaverHprime on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Fernow Experimental Forest (FER) contains plant diversity measurements in ShannonWeaverHprime units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Fernow Experimental Forest site, station Compartment 8, subcompartment A, commerical clearcut treatment in mixed hardwood forest, study of relative frequency of Acer rubrum (red maple) in units of percent on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Fernow Experimental Forest (FER) contains relative frequency of Acer rubrum (red maple) measurements in percent units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
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