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44 results for “climate observations”
JUMP - Data collection - Part II: Zonal jets using three different approaches, laboratory - Global Climate Models - observations.
<p>The formation of large scale structures in three-dimensional (3D) turbulent flows. How small-scale dynamics organize in turbulent flows to grow large scale coherent circulation? is at the heart of fundamental studies in fluid dynamics. It appears to be equally important for our understanding of atmospheric dynamics, oceanography, meteorology and more generally geophysical fluid dynamics. Here, we deliver a data collection that <strong>(1)</strong> gathers measurements of 3D turbulent flows that emulate planetary atmospheres of the gas giants. Turbulent flows are explored using three different approaches, laboratory experiments, numerical simulations and direct planetary observations. All data set are computed in order to easily extract flow properties, i.e. high resolution maps of the different velocity components and flow vorticity (useful for further diagnostic). The data collected are fully discribed in Cabanes et al GRL (2020) "Revealing the intensity of turbulent energy transfer in planetary atmospheres" and can be used to compute <strong>(2)</strong> theoretical diagnostics with the numerical codes that allow to reveal the physical meaning of flow measurements. Numerical codes are available on https://github.com/scabanes</p> <p>We deliver (1) data collection and (2) numerical codes in the following files attached:</p> <p>(1) Data collection:</p> <ul> <li>A PDF file named <strong>JUMP-zonal-jets-data-collection-GRL.pdf</strong> that describes the following data files and nomenclature.</li> <li>A zip File of the velocity fields in the lab, interpolated on Polar and Cartesian grids <ul> <li><strong>JUMP-JetsInTheLab.zip</strong></li> </ul> </li> <li>A netcdf file of velocity fields of our Saturn reference simulation <ul> <li><strong>uvData-SRS-istep-312000-nstep-50-niz-12.nc</strong></li> </ul> </li> <li>Two netcdf files of velocity fields from Cassini observations of Jupiter<strong> </strong> <ul> <li><strong>uvData-JupObs-istep-0-nstep-4-niz-1.nc</strong></li> <li><strong>StatisticalData-JupObs.nc</strong></li> </ul> </li> <li>A zip file of potential vorticity profiles for Saturn and Jupiter observations <ul> <li><strong>IPV-QGPV-Jupiter-Saturn.zip</strong></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>(2) Numerical codes:</p> <ul> <li>Codes for statistical analysis in spherical geometry on Github. --> <a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fscabanes%2FPOST&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFuDU0eij4XGxQfReO92CHfJz6PBA">https://github.com/scabanes/POST</a></li> <li>Codes for statistical analysis in cylindrical geometry on Github. --> <a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fscabanes%2FJUMP&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGUQ1YIFhSxBAg4Hl_5gOLB_4LxLA">https://github.com/scabanes/JUMP</a></li> <li>Codes for statistical analysis in cartesian geometry on Github. --> <a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fscabanes%2FJUMP&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGUQ1YIFhSxBAg4Hl_5gOLB_4LxLA">https://github.com/scabanes/JUMP</a></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>The purpose of this data collection is to reveal statistical properties of planetary flows. By computing the same analysis on different data sets the researcher allows direct confrontation of planetary observations with idealized laboratory and numerical models. Idealized models are specially designed to sweep on a large array of parameters in order to understand what parameters control planetary global circulation. The data collected and generated by the researcher deliver <strong>(1)</strong> velocity measurements of 3D turbulent flows using the different approaches (observations-laboratory-numerics) and <strong>(2)</strong> guidelines to compute the appropriate statistical analysis through the PTST. Here, the ground-breaking novelty is that the researcher deliver the possibility to compute statistical diagnostics adapted to the different geometries: the spherical geometry of planetary flows, i.e. 2D latitude-longitude maps, the cylindrical geometry of laboratory experiments, i.e. 2D flows in a rotating cylindrical tank, and the Cartesian geometry of idealized numerical simulations. Indeed, the math behind each statistical diagnostics must account for the different geometrical configurations in order to properly confront the different approaches. The PTST is also designed to be easily re-used by different communities such as experimentalists, numericists and atmosphericists that deal with 3D or 2D turbulent flows.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></p> <p>This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement N° 797012.</p>
Archived Model Output for "Simulating Observations of Southern Ocean Clouds and Implications for Climate"
<p>This is an archive of CAM6 simulation output used in the paper Southern Ocean Aerosol and Ice Nucleating Particles in the Community Earth System Model Version 2, submitted to the Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. </p>
Climate based seed zones for Mexico: spatial grids to guide reforestation under observed and projected climate change
<p>This database entry provides climate-based seed zone system for Mexico to address climate change observed over the last 30 years and projected climate change for the 2050s. The database corresponds to a journal publication by Castellanos-Acuña et al. (2018), available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-017-9620-6. This seed zone classification is based on bands of two climate variables that have often been shown to drive genetic adaptation of tree species: mean coldest month temperature (MCMT), and an aridity index (AHM). MCMT was divided into ten bands of 3°C intervals, with the limits of these bands being, temperatures below <2°C, 2-5°, 5-8°, 8-11°, 11-14°, 14-17°, 17-20°, 20-23°, 23-26°, >26°C. AHM was divided into seven bands with intervals that are approximately equal width under a log-transformation: <20, 20-30, 30-45, 45-65, 65-95, 95-140, and >140 °C/mm. The gridded files provided in this database entry, the classes are coded as integer numbers, with the last digit representing the AHM class (1-7) and the first or first and second digit representing the MCMT class (1-10).</p>
Data: Contrasting current and future surface melt rates on the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica: lessons from in situ observations and climate models
<p>These data accompany the publication "Contrasting current and future surface melt rates on the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica: lessons from in situ observations and climate models". The data are organized as follows:</p> <p>- two files with time series (csv) of hourly near-surface climate and surface energy balance values for Neumayer station (ice shelf, East Antarctic ice sheet) and automatic weather station S5 (southwest Greenland ice sheet)</p> <p>- two files (nc) with monthly melt fields from the regional climate model RACMO2.3p2 forced by ERA5 over Greenland (0.05-degree resolution) and Antarctica (0.25-degree resolution)</p> <p>- two files (nc) with annual melt fields from the regional climate model RACMO2.3p2 forced by CESM2 over Greenland (0.1-degree resolution) and Antarctica (0.25-degree resolution) or the historical period (1950-2014)</p> <p>- two files (nc) with annual melt fields from the regional climate model RACMO2.3p2 forced by CESM2 over Greenland (0.1-degree resolution) and Antarctica (0.25-degree resolution) for the future emission scenario SSP5-8.5 (2015-2099)</p>
Heatwaves characterization derived from observations and climate projections to assess thermal behavior of 7 European city-hubs: Milano, Athens, Logroño, Cork, Gdynia, Lillestrøm and Amsterdam (1981-2100)
<p>This dataset includes the processing results used to create the interactive climate service <a href="https://thermal-assessment.urban.tecnalia.dev/">Thermal Assessment Tool</a>. It provides frequency and severity of heatwaves under past, current and future climate conditions which allows to estimate the thermal behavior of regions and cities in Europe during episodes of extreme heat.</p> <p>A heatwave is typically defined as a “prolonged” period of “extremely high” temperature for a particular region or location. In REACHOUT, “prolonged” is defined by a period of two or more days and “extremely high” is determined per region when daily maximal temperature exceeds its threshold (95th percentile) and the daily minimum temperature exceeds its threshold (90th percentile). The percentiles were obtained considering the values of maximum and minimum temperatures of the region during the summer season of the baseline period of 1981 to 2010.</p> <p>To provide homogeneous data for the whole EU, the input variables used to generate this dataset come from the public, independent and authoritative <a href="https://climate.copernicus.eu/">Copernicus Climate Change Service</a> (C3S). For the observations the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/insitu-gridded-observations-europe?tab=overview">e-OBS</a> dataset is used and for the future projections the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/projections-cordex-domains-single-levels?tab=overview">EURO-CORDEX</a> dataset. The intermediate (<strong>RCP4.5</strong>) and very high (<strong>RCP8.5</strong>) emissions scenarios were considered. All the data was downloaded from the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/">Copernicus Climate Data Store</a> (CDS).</p> <p>The database is organized in three datasets:</p> <p>Regional_eobs_thresholds_Reachout.csv: contains the thresholds that were used to detect the heatwaves for each region. They were calculated considering the values of maximum and minimum temperatures during the summer season of the baseline period (1981-2010). The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID or GISCO_ID.</li> <li><strong>tmax</strong>: daily maximum temperature threshold.</li> <li><strong>tmin</strong>: daily minimum temperature threshold.</li> </ul> <p>Historical_eobs_heatwaves_Reachout.csv: heatwaves of the historical period (1981-2021) for each region. The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID or GISCO_ID.</li> <li><strong>start</strong>: first date of the heatwave.</li> <li><strong>tmax</strong>: maximum temperature reached during the heatwave.</li> <li><strong>intensity</strong>: the sum of the degrees of the maximum and minimum temperatures over their corresponding thresholds.</li> <li><strong>duration</strong>: duration of the heatwave.</li> </ul> <p>Future_and_baseline_eobs_heatwaves_Reachout.csv: ensemble future projections of heatwaves. The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>hazard_level</strong>: it can be a warning, an alert or an alarm.</li> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID or GISCO_ID.</li> <li><strong>experiment</strong>: emission scenario. It can be baseline, rcp-4-5 or rcp-8-5.</li> <li><strong>period</strong>: it can be 1981-2010 for the baseline or 2011-2040, 2021-2050, 2031-2060, 2041-2070, 2051-2080, 2061-2090 or 2071-2100 for the future.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency</strong>: decade mean frequency. In the case of the future this is the ensemble of the models.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency_best</strong>: only applicable to the future. It determines the best projection among the models.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency_worst</strong>: only applicable to the future. It determines the worst projection among the models.</li> <li><strong>year_days</strong>: average annual days.</li> <li><strong>year_tmax_intensity</strong>: the average annual degrees of the maximum temperature over its corresponding threshold.</li> <li><strong>year_tmin_intensity</strong>: the average annual degrees of the minimum temperature over its corresponding threshold.</li> </ul>
Heatwaves characterization derived from observations and climate projections to assess thermal behavior of regions in Europe (1981-2100)
<p>This dataset provides frequency and severity of heatwaves under past, current and future climate conditions which allows to estimate the thermal behavior of regions in Europe during episodes of extreme heat.</p> <p>A heatwave is typically defined as a “prolonged” period of “extremely high” temperature for a particular region or location. In REACHOUT, “prolonged” is defined by a period of two or more days and “extremely high” is determined per region when daily maximal temperature exceeds its threshold (95th percentile) and the daily minimum temperature exceeds its threshold (90th percentile). The percentiles were obtained considering the values of maximum and minimum temperatures of the region during the summer season of the baseline period of 1981 to 2010.</p> <p>To provide homogeneous data for the whole EU, the input variables used to generate this dataset come from the public, independent and authoritative <a href="https://climate.copernicus.eu/">Copernicus Climate Change Service</a> (C3S). For the observations the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/insitu-gridded-observations-europe?tab=overview">e-OBS</a> dataset is used and for the future projections the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/projections-cordex-domains-single-levels?tab=overview">EURO-CORDEX</a> dataset. The intermediate (<strong>RCP4.5</strong>) and very high (<strong>RCP8.5</strong>) emissions scenarios were considered. All the data was downloaded from the <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/">Copernicus Climate Data Store</a> (CDS).</p> <p>The database is organized in three datasets:</p> <p>Regional_eobs_thresholds_Europe.csv: contains the thresholds that were used to detect the heatwaves for each region. They were calculated considering the values of maximum and minimum temperatures during the summer season of the baseline period (1981-2010). The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID.</li> <li><strong>tmax</strong>: daily maximum temperature threshold.</li> <li><strong>tmin</strong>: daily minimum temperature threshold.</li> </ul> <p>Historical_eobs_heatwaves_Europe.csv: heatwaves of the historical period (1981-2021) for each region. The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID.</li> <li><strong>start</strong>: first date of the heatwave.</li> <li><strong>tmax</strong>: maximum temperature reached during the heatwave.</li> <li><strong>intensity</strong>: the sum of the degrees of the maximum and minimum temperatures over their corresponding thresholds.</li> <li><strong>duration</strong>: duration of the heatwave.</li> </ul> <p>Future_and_baseline_eobs_heatwaves_Europe.csv: ensemble future projections of heatwaves. The columns are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>hazard_level</strong>: it can be a warning, an alert or an alarm.</li> <li><strong>region</strong>: unique identifier of the corresponding EUROSTAT NUTS_ID.</li> <li><strong>experiment</strong>: emission scenario. It can be baseline, rcp-4-5 or rcp-8-5.</li> <li><strong>period</strong>: it can be 1981-2010 for the baseline or 2011-2040, 2021-2050, 2031-2060, 2041-2070, 2051-2080, 2061-2090 or 2071-2100 for the future.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency</strong>: decade mean frequency. In the case of the future this is the ensemble of the models.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency_best</strong>: only applicable to the future. It determines the best projection among the models.</li> <li><strong>decade_frequency_worst</strong>: only applicable to the future. It determines the worst projection among the models.</li> <li><strong>year_days</strong>: average annual days.</li> <li><strong>year_tmax_intensity</strong>: the average annual degrees of the maximum temperature over its corresponding threshold.</li> <li><strong>year_tmin_intensity</strong>: the average annual degrees of the minimum temperature over its corresponding threshold.</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Data for ECHAM-HAM in the Publication "Evaluation of aerosol and cloud properties in three climate models using MODIS observations and its corresponding COSP simulator, as well as their application in aerosol–cloud interactions"
<p>This repository contains 3-hourly data of the ECHAM-HAM experiment in the paper:</p> <p>"Saponaro, G., Sporre, M. K., Neubauer, D., Kokkola, H., Kolmonen, P., Sogacheva, L., Arola, A., de Leeuw, G., Karset, I. H. H., Laaksonen, A., and Lohmann, U.: Evaluation of aerosol and cloud properties in three climate models using MODIS observations and its corresponding COSP simulator, as well as their application in aerosol–cloud interactions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1607–1626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1607-2020, 2020."</p>
TreeGOER Köppen-Geiger Zone Distributions: Observations for 48,129 tree species across the 30 climate zones for 1931-1960, 1961-1990 and 1991-2020 climates
<p><strong>TreeGOER (Tree Globally Observed Environmental Ranges)</strong> is a database that documents the environmental ranges (minimum, maximum, median, mean and 5%, 25%, 75% and 95% quantiles) for 48,129 tree species and for 51 environmental variables, including 38 bioclimatic variables, 8 soil variables and 3 topographic variables. TreeGOER is available from the following Zenodo archives: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7922927">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7922927</a></p> <p>The TreeGOER ranges were calculated after cleaning occurrence records and standardizing species names with the <a href="https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aps3.11388">WorldFlora</a> R package to <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/tax.12373">World Flora Online</a> or the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-021-00997-6">World Checklist of Vascular Plants</a> for a global GBIF occurrence download of 44,267,164 occurrences (GBIF.org 2021 <strong>GBIF Occurrence Download</strong> <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.77gcvq">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.77gcvq</a>). The process of compilation of TreeGOER with 30 arc-seconds global grid layers, two examples of BIOCLIM applications that investigated the effects of climate change on global tree diversity patterns and R scripts to repeat these analyses have been described by Kindt, R. (2023). <strong>TreeGOER: A database with globally observed environmental ranges for 48,129 tree species</strong>. Global Change Biology 29: 6303–6318. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.16914">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.16914</a>.</p> <p>This Zenodo archive documents the occurrence of the same previously compiled and cleaned observations for the TreeGOER across global raster layers that document the 1931-1960, 1961-1990 and 1991-2020 <strong>Köppen-Geiger climate zones</strong>. These global raster layers were created for the following article:</p> <ul> <li>Beck, H. E., T. R. McVicar, N. Vergopolan, A. Berg, N. J. Lutsko, A. Dufour, Z. Zeng, X. Jiang, A. I. J. M. van Dijk, and D. G. Miralles. High-resolution (1 km) Köppen-Geiger maps for 1901–2099 based on constrained CMIP6 projections, Scientific Data 10, 724 (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02549-6">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02549-6</a>. The Köppen-Geiger classifcation maps, associated confidence maps, and underpinning monthly near-surface air temperature and precipitation climatologies in netCDF format can all be downloaded <a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21789074.v1">here</a>.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>For each of the 48,129 tree species, the distribution is given for</p> <ul> <li>Historical climates: number of observations in the 1931-1960, 1961-1990 and 1991-2020 Köppen-Geiger Zone climate zone</li> <li>Mixed climate: number of observations in the 1931-1960 Köppen-Geiger Zone climate zones if observations were before 1961, in the 1961-1990 Köppen-Geiger Zone climate zones if observations were between 1961 and 1990, and in the 1991-2020 Köppen-Geiger Zone climate zones if observations were after 1990</li> <li>Static climate: number of observations if those observations remained in the same Köppen-Geiger Zone climate zones</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>The development of this data set archive supported by the <strong>Darwin Initiative</strong> to project DAREX001 of <em>Developing a Global Biodiversity Standard certification for tree-planting and restoration</em>, by <strong>Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative through the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Ethiopia</strong> to the <em>Provision of Adequate Tree Seed Portfolio</em> project in Ethiopia, by the <strong>Green Climate Fund</strong> through the IUCN-led <em>Transforming the Eastern Province of Rwanda through Adaptation</em> and through the <em>Readiness proposal on Climate Appropriate Portfolios of Tree Diversity for Burkina Faso</em> projects, by the <strong>Bezos Earth Fund</strong> to the <em>Quality Tree Seed for Africa in Kenya and Rwanda</em> project and by the <strong>German International Climate Initiative (IKI)</strong> to the regional tree seed programme on <em>The Right Tree for the Right Place for the Right Purpose in Africa</em>.</p> <p> </p>
Replication Data for figures in: Constraining net long-term climate feedback from satellite-observed internal variability possible by the mid-2030s
<p>Supporting data to reproduce figures in: Constraining net long-term climate feedback from satellite-observed internal variability possible by the mid-2030s</p>
Variability due to climate and chemistry in observations of oxygenated Earth-analogue exoplanets: Simulations and results
<p>The Great Oxidation Event was a period during which Earth's atmospheric oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) concentrations increased from ~10<sup>−5</sup> times its present atmospheric level (PAL) to near modern levels, marking the start of the Proterozoic geological eon 2.4 billion years ago. Using WACCM6, an Earth System Model, we simulate the atmosphere of Earth-analogue exoplanets with O<sub>2</sub> mixing ratios between 0.1% and 150% PAL. Using these simulations, we calculate the reflection/emission spectra over multiple orbits using the Planetary Spectrum Generator. We highlight how observer angle, albedo, chemistry, and clouds affect the simulated observations. We show that inter-annual climate variations, as well as short-term variations due to clouds, can be observed in our simulated atmospheres with a telescope concept such as LUVOIR or HabEx. Annual variability and seasonal variability can change the planet's reflected flux (including the reflected flux of key spectral features such as O<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O) by up to factors of 5 and 20, respectively, for the same planetary phase. This variability is best observed with a high-throughput coronagraph. For example, HabEx (4 m) with a starshade performs up to a factor of two times better than a LUVOIR B (6 m) style telescope. The variability and signal-to-noise ratio of some spectral features depends non-linearly on atmospheric O<sub>2</sub> concentration. This is caused by temperature and chemical column depth variations, as well as generally increased liquid and ice cloud content for atmospheres with O<sub>2</sub> concentrations of <1% PAL.</p>
Data, code and supplementary material for "A data integration framework for spatial interpolation of temperature observations using climate model data"
<p>Each zipped file contains code and data to reproduce the results in the paper and supplementary material. The Cyprus folder contains also the files to run the model, as well as the associated results. The Morocco folder only contains the results and the code used to manipulate it. </p>
Gap-filled Multivariate Observations of Global Land-climate Interactions
<p>The NETCDF encompasses monthly time series spans the years 1995-2020 globally at 0.5-degree resolution with gap-free estimates of nine variables, gap-filled using the CLIMFILL (CLIMate data gapFILL) framework [1,2]</p> <p>The nine variables are:</p> <p>- surface layer soil moisture from the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) of the European Space Agency (ESA),</p> <p>- land surface temperature and</p> <p>- diurnal temperature range from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS),</p> <p>- precipitation from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM),</p> <p>- terrestrial water storage from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE),</p> <p>- ESA-CCI burned area,</p> <p>- ESA-CCI snow cover fraction, </p> <p>- two-meter temperature and precipitation from the Climate Research Unit (CRU).</p> <p> </p> <p>Note: this dataset is only validated and tested for the use cases in the accompanying study (DOI to come). Please have caution using the data for analysis that might include trends in high latitude, in regions where the variable has high fraction of missing values, or in mountainous regions.</p> <p> </p> <p>References:</p> <p>[1] Bessenbacher, V., Seneviratne, S.I. and Gudmundsson, L. (2022): CLIMFILL v0.9: a framework for intelligently gap filling Earth observations. Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 4569–4596, 2022 <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4569-2022">https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4569-2022</a></p> <p>[2] <a href="https://github.com/climachine/climfill/releases/tag/1.0">https://github.com/climachine/climfill/releases/tag/1.0</a></p>
Variability due to climate and chemistry in observations of oxygenated Earth-analogue exoplanets: Simulations and results
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Southeastern Australian rescued observational climate network, 1788–1859
<p>Historical meteorological observations for southeastern Australia, covering 1788–1859. The dataset contains digitised versions of 38 sources of historical temperature, rainfall and pressure information for the southeastern Australian region. It also contains monthly and seasonal anomalies of southern and eastern SEA climate variability for 1788 to 1859. This dataset was developed as part of the South Eastern Australian Recent Climate History project (SEARCH, www.climatehistory.com.au).</p>
Climate‐driven tree growth and mortality in the Black Forest, Germany: Long‐term observations
<p>Episodic tree mortality can be caused by various reasons. This study describes climate‐driven tree mortality and tree growth in the Black Forest mountain range in Germany. It is based on a 68‐year consistent data series describing the annual mortality of all trees growing in a forest area of almost 250 thousand ha. The study excludes mortality caused by storm, snow and ice, and fire. The sequence of the remaining mortality, the so‐called "desiccated trees," is analyzed and compared with the sequence of the climatic water balance during the growing season and the annual radial growth of Norway spruce in the Black Forest. The annual radial growth series covers 121 years and the climatic water balance series 140 years. These unique time series enable a quantitative assessment of multidecadal drought and heat impacts on growth and mortality of forest trees on a regional spatial scale. Data compiled here suggest that the mortality of desiccated trees in the Black Forest during the last 68 years is driven by the climatic water balance. Decreasing climatic water balance coincided with an increase in tree mortality and growth decline. Consecutive hot and dry summers enhance mortality and growth decline as a consequence of drought legacies lasting several years. The sensitivity of tree growth and mortality to changes in the climatic water balance increases with the decreasing trend of the climatic water balance. The findings identify the climatic water balance as the main driver of mortality and growth variation during the 68‐year observation period on a landscape‐scale including a variety of different sites. They suggest that bark beetle population dynamics modify mortality rates. They as well provide evidence that the mortality during the last 140 years never was as high as in the most recent years.</p>
Converging findings of climate models and satellite observations on the positive impact of European forests on cloud cover
<p>Overview:<br>This repository hosts a comprehensive dataset resulting from a Space for Time (S4T) analysis (<em>Duveiller et al. 2018</em>). The dataset spans monthly data from 2004 to 2014, providing detailed insights into cloud cover dynamics and land cover characteristics. Leveraging observations from the Cloud CCI MODIS-Aqua dataset (<em>Stengel et al. 2017</em>) and RegCM5 (<em>Giorgi et al. 2023</em>) model outputs at 0.05 degrees resolution, it offers valuable resources for researchers studying atmospheric and terrestrial interactions.</p> <p>Contents:</p> <p>s4t_ESACCI.zip:<br>Output of the space-for-time algorithm applied to the Global MODIS-Aqua cloud cover data for low, medium, and high clouds.<br>s4t_RegCM5.zip:<br>Output of the space for time algorithm applied to the European RegCM5 cloud data for low, medium, and high clouds.<br>Variables:</p> <p>Cloud Area Fractions:<br>Includes low (cll), medium (clm), and high (clh) cloud area fractions, expressed as percentages.<br>Cloud layers are categorized based on cloud top pressure (CTP), following the convention of the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project.</p>
Calibrated and uncalibrated projection data from the paper "Assessing observational constraints on future European climate in an out-of-sample framework"
<p>Individual uncalibrated and calibrated projections for each of the five methods (A-E) in the following folders:</p> <p>MethodA_proj/</p> <p>MethodB_proj/</p> <p>MethodC_proj/</p> <p>MethodD_proj/</p> <p>MethodE_proj/</p> <p> </p> <p>Also included are the out-of-sample data from the "pseudo-observations" (taken from CMIP6 models) used for the verification (see paper for full details):</p> <p>FUTUREverif/</p>
How well does a convection-permitting climate model represent the reverse orographic effect of extreme hourly precipitation? - Observed precipitation data
<p>The dataset contains the rain gauge hourly rainfall series used in the paper "How well does a convection-permitting climate model represent the reverse orographic effect of extreme hourly precipitation?". Each rain gauge series is saved in one Matlab variable, organized as a structure S with five fields:</p> <p>S.name: the identification name of the rain gauge station</p> <p>S.vals_mm: series of hourly rainfall in millimeter</p> <p>S.time_utc: time steps series, in UTC time</p> <p>S.elev_m: elevation of the station, in m a.s.l.</p> <p>S.xy_utm: station coordinates X and Y in meter in the Reference system WGS84/UTM zone 32N</p>
Replication of manuscript entitled "Multi-decadal climate variability and satellite biases have amplified model-observation discrepancies in tropical troposphere warming estimates"
<p>Replication of manuscript entitled "Multi-decadal climate variability and satellite biases have amplified model-observation discrepancies in tropical troposphere warming estimates".</p> <p>This page contains datasets used to replicate figures in a manuscript entitled "Multi-decadal climate variability and satellite biases have amplified model-observation discrepancies in tropical troposphere warming estimates". These ascii or netcdf files can be easily read by NCL, Fortran and others.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Too much of a good thing? Supplementing current species observations with fossil data to assess climate change vulnerability via ecological niche models
<p>Ecological niche models (ENMs) are a powerful tool in ecological research and conservation planning. Since ENMs provide probability maps of suitable areas under environmental change, they may assist in designing conservation actions and addressing conservation priorities. However, ENMs are usually implemented by learning the species climatic preferences from their current geographic distribution, which leaves them vulnerable to the issue of niche truncation issues, as if comes with non-climatic limits to the current species distribution posed by e.g. anthropic activities and settlements, and is bound to assume that species are at equilibrium with their environments. These problems might be alleviated by the inclusion of fossil occurrences, which refer to moments during species evolution when such limits were absent, and a larger fraction of the species fundamental niche was probably explored. Here, we combined current and fossil occurrence data for 38 medium-large mammal species of conservation concern to assess the influence of the fossil record on ENM predictions under future climate change scenarios. We found that ignoring or including fossil data yields consistent trends in terms of predicted range increase/decrease. Yet, although adding fossil data invariably results in increased niche width, estimates of range change magnitude improved for just one half only of the species. These results suggest that most species might be in non-equilibrium with their environment, and that the inclusion of fossil data may be crucial to the better understanding of species climatic requirements, hence for designing effective conservation strategies. </p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.