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30 results for “climate services”
German weather services (DWD) multi annual meteorological rasters for the climate period 1991-2020 refined to 25m grid
<h1>Overview</h1> <p>These are two multi-annual raster products from the german weather service, that got refined from a 1km grid to a 25m grid, by using a local regression model.</p> <p>The base rasters from DWD are:</p> <ul> <li>HYRAS precipitation</li> <li>REGNIE precipitation</li> <li>DWD-grid (precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and temperature 2m above ground)</li> </ul> <p>To refine the grids the Copernicus DEM with a resolution of 25m got used. For every cell a linear regression model got created, by selecting the multi-annual rasters value and the elevation, from the original digital elevation model that was used by the DWD to create the raster, in a certain window around the cell. This window was at least 2 cells around the considered cell, so 5x5=25 cells. If the standard deviation of the elevation in this window was less than 4m, more neighbooring cells are considered until a maximum of 13x13=169 cells are considered. This widening of the window was necessary for flat regions to get a reasonable regression model.</p> <p>Out of these combinations of elevation and climate parameter a linear regression model was build. These regression models are then applied to the finer digital elevation model with its 25m resolution from Copernicus.</p> <p>The following image illustrates the generation of the refined rasters on a small example window:</p> <p></p>
Review of existing modelling studies focusing on specific soil-based ecosystem services (SES) and threats (ST) including climate change, management and land use change scenarios.
<p><span>We </span><span>reviewed existing modelling studies focusing on soil ecosystem services (SES) and soil threats (ST) including climate change, land use change and management scenarios. A publication has been submitted and is currently being reviewed. The title of the manuscript is: </span><span>Assessing and mapping soil ecosystem services and soil threats changes in agroecosystems through scenario-based approaches – a systematic review. </span></p> <p><span>Work was split between various authors. All Co-authors were working on either one or more SES or one ST. Excel sheets were prepared by INRA and BFW to ensure the comparability of results that members extracted from the papers found. Literature search was done in Scopus and Web of Science. The final list of related publications is reported here. <br></span></p>
Climate targets in European timber-producing countries conflict with goals on forest ecosystem services and biodiversity
<p>The repository contains the data and codes supporting the findings of the study:<strong> </strong>Climate targets in European timber-producing countries conflict with goals on forest ecosystem services and biodiversity, which can be found in the zip file "<strong>euclimate_vs_natpolicy-main.zip"</strong>. </p> <p>Further, the repository includes the raw forest simulation data used as input for the multi-objective optimizations and the raw optimization outputs of each study region. The codes to run the national optimization can be retrieved from <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631109">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631109</a>.</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>The European Union (EU) set clear climate change mitigation targets to reach climate neutrality, accounting for forests and their woody biomass resources. We investigated the consequences of increased harvest demands resulting from EU climate targets. We analysed the impacts on national policy objectives for forest ecosystem services and biodiversity through empirical forest simulation and multi-objective optimization methods. We show that key European timber-producing countries – Finland, Sweden, Germany (Bavaria) – cannot fulfil the increased harvest demands linked to the ambitious 1.5°C target. Potentials for harvest increase only exists in the studied region Norway. However, focusing on EU climate targets conflicts with several national policies and causes adverse effects on multiple ecosystem services and biodiversity. We argue that the role of forests and their timber resources in achieving climate targets and societal decarbonization should not be overstated. Our study provides insight for other European countries challenged by conflicting policies and supports policymakers.</p>
Data and analysis code for Repo et al., "Contrasting forest management strategies: impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services under changing climate and disturbance regimes"
<p>This repository contains analysis code and pre-processed data for the study "Contrasting forest management strategies: impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services under changing climate and disturbance regimes" by Repo et al.<br>Data processing and analysis mainly done by Aapo Jantunen, Katharina Albrich<br>Due to respository space limitations, the original model outputs are archived in the Finnish "Allas" data storage service. For access, contact katharina.albrich@luke.fi<br>The code used to process the raw data is included here for reproducibility.</p> <p>If you are interested in using iLand, visit https://iland-model.org/ and https://iland-model.org/iland-book/ for information on using the model and a guide to setting up a landscape.</p> <p><span>This work was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry by funding project Future multifunctional forests and their disturbance risk in the changing climate (Foster) through the “Catch the Carbon” initiative (<span>project number VN/28654/2020)</span>. A.R. has been supported by the grant [TRACY Trade-offs and synergies in land-based climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation decision 322066 by the Academy of Finland.], J. H by the grant [CASCADE - Changing Disturbance Regimes and Forest Landscapes of Fennoscandia 342569 by the Academy of Finland]. </span></p> <p> </p>
Mapping the landscape of climate services
<p>Climate services are technology-intensive, science-based and user-tailored tools providing timely climate information to a wide set of users. They accelerate innovation, while contributing to societal adaptation. Research has explored the advancements of climate services in multiple fields, producing a wealth of interdisciplinary knowledge ranging from climatology to the social sciences. The aim of this paper is to map the global landscape of research on climate services and to identify patterns at individual, affiliation and country level and the structural properties of each community. We use a sample of 358 records published between 1974 and 2018 and quantitatively analyze them. We provide insights into the main characteristics of the community of climate services through Bibliometrics and complement these findings with Network Science. We have computed the centrality of each actor as derived from a Principal Component Analysis of 42 different measures. By exploring the structural properties of the networks of individuals, institutions and countries we derive implications on the most central agents. Furthermore, we detect brokers in the network, capable of facilitating the information flow and increasing the cohesion of the community. We finally analyze the abstracts of the sample via Content Analysis. We find a progressive shift towards climate adaptation and user-centric visions. Agriculture and Energy are the top mentioned sectors. Anglophone countries and institutions are quantitatively dominant, and they are also important in connecting different discipline of the network of scholars, by building on established partnerships. Finding that nodes facilitating the diffusion of information flows (<em>the brokers</em>) are not necessarily the most central, but have a high degree of interdisciplinarity facilitating interactions of different communities. <em>Social media abstract</em>. #WhoisWho in #climateservices? A comprehensive map of research in #Europe and beyond</p>
Dataset: Energy services' access deprivation in Mexico: A geographic, climatic and social perspective
<p>This dataset contains all the information at the municipal level from the publication "Energy services' access deprivation in Mexico: A geographic, climatic and social perspective" published in Energy Policy (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112822">10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112822</a>).</p> <p>The information contains key categorizations on energy services access at the municipal level in Mexico, classified per climatic zone. It is complemented with key information on population and households at the municipal level.</p> <p>The raw data sources used to produce this secondary data are listed below. A detailed methodological description is available in the primary article (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112822">10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112822</a>) and the article "Dataset of household energy services access and socioeconomic variables in Mexico" to be published in Data in Brief. </p> <p>Raw data:</p> <ul> <li>2015 Intercensal Survey: <a href="https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/intercensal/2015/">https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/intercensal/2015/</a></li> <li>Poverty Index by Municipality in Mexico 2015: <a href="https://www.coneval.org.mx/Medicion/Paginas/PobrezaInicio.aspx">https://www.coneval.org.mx/Medicion/Paginas/PobrezaInicio.aspx</a></li> <li>Raster Map of Climates: <a href="https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/climatologia/#Mapa">https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/climatologia/#Mapa</a></li> </ul> <p>The dataset's geographic scope is as follows:</p> <ul> <li>City/Town/Region: All municipalities</li> <li>Country: Mexico</li> </ul>
Developing and valuing climate services: video
<p>Video of Mark Payne, from the Technical University of Denmark, describing the climate services developed in Blue-Action. This was presented at the European Climate Change Adaptation Conference in Lisbon, Portugal, May 2019. </p>
Predicting the pre-service teachers' teaching intention from educator-created (dis)empowering climates: A self-determination theory-based longitudinal approach
<p><span>Guided by self-determination theory, this two-wave longitudinal research aims to examine the associations between pre-service teachers’ perceptions of educator-created (dis-)empowering climates and their teaching intention, considering the bright and dark motivational pathways. A total of 1,258 secondary pre-service teachers (55.5% women, <em>M<sub>age =</sub></em> 26.17, <em>SD </em>= 5.66) have participated. The results from path analysis have shown positive associations between educator-created empowering climates and need satisfaction, autonomous motivation, and teaching intention in pre-service teachers, while educator-created disempowering climates have been positively related to pre-service teachers’ need frustration, controlled motivation and amotivation. The conclusions have suggested that pre-service teachers’ perceptions of educator-created (dis-)empowering climates during their initial teacher education programme play a determining role in their teaching intention. </span></p>
Disentangling effects of climate and land use on biodiversity and ecosystem services – a multi-scale experimental design
<p>1. Climate and land-use change are key drivers of environmental degradation in the Anthropocene, but too little is known about their interactive effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Long-term data on biodiversity trends are currently lacking. Furthermore, previous ecological studies have rarely considered climate and land use in a joint design, did not achieve variable independence or lost statistical power by not covering the full range of environmental gradients.</p> <p>2. Here, we introduce a multi-scale space-for-time study design to disentangle effects of climate and land use on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The site selection approach coupled extensive GIS-based exploration and correlation heatmaps with a crossed and nested design covering regional, landscape and local scales. Its implementation in Bavaria (Germany) resulted in a set of study plots that maximize the potential range and independence of environmental variables at different spatial scales.</p> <p>3. Stratifying the state of Bavaria into five climate zones (reference period 1981–2010) and three prevailing land-use types, i.e. near-natural, agriculture and urban, resulted in 60 study regions (5.8x5.8 km quadrants) covering a mean annual temperature gradient of 5.6–9.8 °C and a spatial extent of ~310x310 km. Within these regions, we nested 180 study plots located in contrasting local land-use types, i.e. forests, grasslands, arable land or settlement (local climate gradient 4.5–10 °C). This approach achieved low correlations between climate and land use (proportional cover) at the regional and landscape scale with |r≤0.33| and |r≤0.29|, respectively. Furthermore, using correlation heatmaps for local plot selection reduced potentially confounding relationships between landscape composition and configuration for plots located in forests, arable land and settlements.</p> <p>4. The suggested design expands upon previous research in covering a significant range of environmental gradients and including a diversity of dominant land-use types at different scales within different climatic contexts. It allows independent assessment of the relative contribution of multi-scale climate and land use on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Understanding potential interdependencies among global change drivers is essential to develop effective restoration and mitigation strategies against biodiversity decline, especially in expectation of future climatic changes. Importantly, this study also provides a baseline for long-term ecological monitoring programs.</p>
Climate change threatens the distribution of major woody species and ecosystem services provision in southern Africa
<p>Species occurrence points used in this study to investigate the effect of climate change on the distribution of eight tree species in 18 countries in southern Africa, covering 36% of the continent. We proposed a loser/winner ranking of the species based on the changes in climatic suitability within their historical distributions as well as future gains and losses of suitable areas. We interpreted these findings in terms of changes in the provision of key ES (timber, food, energy, and medicine), and identified hotspots of ES provision decline. We used species presence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, climatic data from the AfriClim dataset, and the MaXent algorithm to project the changes in species' land suitability. </p>
Data from: Quantifying coextinctions and ecosystem service vulnerability in coastal ecosystems experiencing climate warming
<p>Climate change is negatively impacting ecosystems and their contributions to human well-being, known as ecosystem services. Previous research has mainly focused on the direct effects of climate change on species and ecosystem services, leaving a gap in understanding the indirect impacts resulting from changes in species interactions within complex ecosystems. This knowledge gap is significant because the loss of a species in a food web can lead to additional species losses or "co-extinctions," particularly when the species most impacted by climate change are also the species that play critical roles in food web persistence or provide ecosystem services. Here, we present a framework to investigate the relationships among species vulnerability to climate change, their roles within the food web, their contributions to ecosystem services, and the overall persistence of these systems and services in the face of climate-induced species losses. To do this, we assess the robustness of food webs and their associated ecosystem services to climate-driven species extinctions in eight empirical rocky intertidal food webs. Across food webs, we find that highly connected species are not the most vulnerable to climate change. However, we find species that directly provide ecosystem services are more vulnerable to climate change and more connected than species that do not directly provide services, which results in ecosystem service provision collapsing before food webs. Overall, we find that food webs are more robust to climate change than the ecosystem services they provide and show that combining species roles in food webs and services with their vulnerability to climate change offer predictions about the impacts of coextinctions for future food web and ecosystem service persistence. However, these conclusions are limited by data availability and quality, underscoring the need for more comprehensive data collection on linking species roles in interaction networks and their vulnerabilities to climate change.</p>
Dataset of impacts of weather and climate services on farming in Burkina Faso 2019 and 2020
<p>The dataset contains the results of two surveys realized in 2019 and 2020 in the Municipality of Tenado, Burkina Faso. The surveys were conducted in October 2019 and in November 2020 using structured questionnaires translated and administered in the local language by trained enumerators. Moreover, yield plots were placed in farmers’ fields and yield was measured on site. The sample at the Tenado site consisted for each survey in approximately 300 farmers (150 treated and 150 control) in 12 villages for each year. The treatment is the training in the use of Weather and Climate Services in agriculture. The control group is random and represents the entire population. The treatment group is also random, from the participants in training. Observed variables are: </p> <p>N. seedings</p> <p>Quantity of seeds (kg/ha)</p> <p>N. fertilizations</p> <p>Quantity fertilizers (kg/ha)</p> <p>Working days</p> <p>Yield (kg/ha)</p> <p>Costs (FCFA/ha)</p> <ul> <li>Seeds cost (FCFA/ha)</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Fertilizers cost (FCFA/ha)</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Labor cost (FCFA/ha)</li> </ul> <p>Income (FCFA/ha)</p> <p>Gross benefit (FCFA/ha)</p> <p>The market price of sorghum and the cost of seeds, fertilizer and labor were considered stable over the 2 years and in particular the sorghum price was 200 FCFA per kg, while the costs were 350 FCFA for 1 kg of seeds, and 450 FCFA for 1 kg of fertilizer. Labor cost is accounted as the opportunity costs of working time considering that 1,500 FCFA is the daily wage in agriculture. Income was computed multiplying yield by the price of sorghum and the gross benefit is the income minus the costs.</p>
Future supply of boreal forest ecosystem services is driven by management rather than by climate change
<p><span>Forests provide a wide variety of ecosystem services (ES) to society. The boreal biome is experiencing the highest rates of warming on the planet and increasing demand for forest products. To foresee how to maximize the adaptation of boreal forests to future warmer conditions and growing demands of forest products, we need a better understanding of the relative importance of forest management and climate change on the supply of ecosystem services. Here, using Finland as a boreal forest case study, we assessed the potential supply of a wide range of ES (timber, bilberry, cowberry, mushrooms, carbon storage, scenic beauty, species habitat availability and deadwood) given seven management regimes and four climate change scenarios. We used the forest simulator SIMO to project forest dynamics for 100 years into the future (2016–2116) and estimate the potential supply of each service using published models. Then, we tested the relative importance of management and climate change as drivers of the future supply of these services using generalized linear mixed models. Our results show that the effects of management on the future supply of these ES were, on average, eleven times higher than the effects of climate change across all services but greatly differed among them (from 0.53 to 24 times higher for timber and cowberry, respectively). Notably, the importance of these drivers substantially differed among biogeographical zones within the boreal biome. The effects of climate change were 1.6 times higher in northern Finland than in southern Finland, whereas the effects of management were the opposite – they were three times higher in the south compared to the north. We conclude that new guidelines for adapting forests to global change should account for regional differences and the variation in the effects of climate change and management on different forest ES.</span></p>
Data from: More future synergies and less trade‐offs between forest ecosystem services with natural climate solutions instead of bioeconomy solutions
<p>To reach the Paris Agreement, societies need to increase the global terrestrial carbon sink. There are many climate change mitigation solutions (CCMS) for forests, including increasing bioenergy, bioeconomy and protection. Bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions use climate-smart, intensive management to generate high quantities of bioenergy and bioproducts. Protection of (semi-)natural forests is a major component of 'natural climate solution' (NCS) since forests store carbon in standing biomass and soil. Furthermore, protected forests provide more habitat for biodiversity and non-wood ecosystem services (ES). We investigated the impacts of different CCMS and climate scenarios, jointly or in isolation, on future wood ES, non-wood ES, and regulating ES for a major wood provider for the international market. Specifically, we projected future ES given by three CCMS scenarios for Sweden 2020-2100. In the long term, fulfilling the increasing wood demand through bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions will decrease ES multifunctionality, but the increased stand age and wood stocks induced by rising greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations will partially offset these negative effects. Adopting bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions will have a greater negative impact on ES supply than adopting NCS. Bioenergy or bioeconomy solutions, as well as increasing GHG emissions, will reduce synergies and increase trade-offs in ES. NCS, by contrast, increases the supply of multiple ES in synergy, even transforming current ES trade-offs into future synergies. Moreover, NCS can be considered an adaptation measure to offset negative climate change effects on the future supplies of non-wood ES. In boreal countries around the world, forestry strategies that integrate NCS more deeply are crucial to ensure a synergistic supply of multiple ES.</p>
Data from: Quantifying coextinctions and ecosystem service vulnerability in coastal ecosystems experiencing climate warming
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Future supply of boreal forest ecosystem services is driven by management rather than by climate change
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Disentangling effects of climate and land use on biodiversity and ecosystem services – a multi-scale experimental design
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Data from: More future synergies and less trade‐offs between forest ecosystem services with natural climate solutions instead of bioeconomy solutions
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Data from: Adaptation services of floodplains and wetlands under transformational climate change
Adaptation services are the ecosystem processes and services that benefit people by increasing their ability to adapt to change. Benefits may accrue from existing but newly-used services where ecosystems persist, or from novel services supplied following ecosystem transformation. Ecosystem properties that enable persistence or transformation are important adaptation services because they support future options. The adaptation services approach can be applied to decisions on trade-offs between currently valued services and benefits from maintaining future options. For example, ecosystem functions and services of floodplains depend on river flows. In those regions of the world where climate change projections are for hotter, drier conditions, floods will be less frequent and floodplains will either persist, though with modified structure and function, or transform to terrestrial (flood-independent) ecosystems. Many currently valued ecosystem services will reduce in supply or become unavailable, but new options are provided by adaptation services. We present a case study from the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, for operationalizing the adaptation services concept for floodplains and wetlands. We found large changes in flow and flood regimes are likely under a scenario of +1.6°C by 2030, even with additional water restored to rivers under the proposed Murray-Darling Basin Plan. We predict major changes to floodplain ecosystems, including contraction of riparian forests and woodlands and expansion of terrestrial, drought-tolerant vegetation communities. Examples of adaptation services under this scenario include substitution of irrigated agriculture with dryland cropping and floodplain grazing; mitigation of damage from rarer, extreme floods; and increased tourism, recreational and cultural values derived from fewer, smaller wetlands that can be maintained with environmental flows. Management for adaptation services will require decisions on where intervention can enable ecosystem persistence and where transformation is inevitable. New ways of managing water that includes consideration of the increasing importance of adaptation services requires major changes to decision-making that better account for landscape heterogeneity and large-scale change, rather than attempting to maintain ecosystems in fixed states.
Data from: How shrub encroachment under climate change could threaten pollination services for alpine wildflowers: a case study using the alpine skypilot, Polemonium viscosum
Under climate change, shrubs encroaching into high altitude plant communities disrupt ecosystem processes. Yet effects of encroachment on pollination mutualisms are poorly understood. Here, we probe potential fitness impacts of interference from encroaching Salix (willows) on pollination quality of the alpine skypilot, Polemonium viscosum. Overlap in flowering time of Salix and Polemonium is a precondition for interference and was surveyed in four extant and 25 historic contact zones. Pollinator sharing was ascertained from observations of willow pollen on bumble bees visiting Polemonium flowers and on Polemonium pistils. We probed fitness effects of pollinator sharing by measuring the correlation between Salix pollen contamination and seed set in naturally pollinated Polemonium. To ascertain whether Salix interference occurred during or after pollination, we compared seed set under natural pollination, conspecific pollen addition, and Salix pollen addition. In current and past contact zones Polemonium and Salix overlapped in flowering time. After accounting for variance in flowering date due to latitude, Salix and Polemonium showed similar advances in flowering under warmer summers. This trend supports the idea that sensitivity to temperature promotes reproductive synchrony in both species. Salix pollen is carried by bumble bees when visiting Polemonium flowers and accounts for up to 25% of the grains on Polemonium pistils. Salix contamination correlates with reduced seed set in nature and when applied experimentally. Postpollination processes likely mediate these deleterious effects as seed set in nature was not limited by pollen delivery. Synthesis: As willows move higher with climate change, we predict that they will drive postpollination interference, reducing the fitness benefits of pollinator visitation for Polemonium and selecting for traits that reduce pollinator sharing.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.