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opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Data for: "Climatic drivers of (changes in) bat migration phenology at Bracken Cave (USA)"

This dataset contains the spring and autumn migration phenology dataset used in Haest et al. (2020) to determine the drivers of migration phenology of Brazilian free-tailed bats at Bracken Cave (USA) over the period 1995-2017. The phenology dataset was derived from nightly colony population sizes estimated using weather radar data (Stepanian et al., 2018). See the Materials and Methods section in Haest et al. (2020) for more details on the dataset.  References: Haest, B., Stepanian, P. M., Wainwright, C. E., Liechti, F., & Bauer, S. (2021). Climatic drivers of (changes in) bat migration phenology at Bracken Cave (USA). Global Change Biology, 27(4), 768-780. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15433">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15433</a> Stepanian, P. M., & Wainwright, C. E. (2018). Ongoing changes in migration phenology and winter residency at Bracken Bat Cave. Global Change Biology, 24(7), 3266–3275. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14051">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14051</a>

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

Model output and analysis scripts for "High-latitude precipitation as a driver of multicentennial variability of the AMOC in a climate model of intermediate complexity"

Here, we provide annually averaged model output from a 3000-year control simulation of PlaSim–LSG, a climate model of intermediate complexity. Processed variables and a Jupyter notebook to reproduce all figures of the manuscript (Mehling et al.: "High-latitude precipitation as a driver of multicentennial variability of the AMOC in a climate model of intermediate complexity") can also be found in this repository. In addition, a Python implementation of the three-box model proposed in the manuscript can be found in the notebook boxmodel.ipynb.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

Classification and frequency of climate change drivers and responses of small-scale fishers found in literature review

Climate change hazards were classified into resource availability and fishing operations or both following the framework proposed by Cheung et al (2012). Response units were firstly classified into overarching responses and then categorized as suggested by the adaptive-transformative framework of Barnes et al. (2020). Adaptation units that did not represent an active adaptation response were classified as remaining. More than one hazard could be attributed to each fishers' response.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Data repository for "Spatio-temporal trends of Holocene peat carbon accumulation in China: climatic and human drivers"

Dating results collected from peatlands in China are used to calculate the spatiotemporal trends of the Holocene peat accumulation rate (PAR) and net carbon balance (NCB), including all original dating, calculated intermediate results, and final composite results. This file includes a total of 14 tables (Supplementary Tables S1-S14).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

IMAU-FDM v1.2G and RACMO2.3p2 data on ice slabs, aquifers and their climatic drivers

Model results used in the following paper: Brils, M., Kuipers Munneke, P., Jullien, N., Tedstone, A.J., Machguth, H., van de Berg, W. J., & van den Broeke, M. R. Climatic drivers of ice slabs and firn aquifers in Greenland   Contains: - 10-daily ice slab fraction within the upper 20 m of firn - 10-daily total irreducible liquid water content firn - monthly snow accumulation and melt

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2020View details →

Data for 'Future Transboundary Water Stress and Its Drivers Under Climate Change: A Global Study'

This dataset is a supplement to the following publication (please cite that when using the data): Munia et al. 2020. Future transboundary water stress and its drivers under climate change: a global study. Earth’s future. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001321">https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001321</a>   Water stress category data Dataset presents the water stress category in transboundary basins at sub-basin level for different scenarios (see article for details): <ul> <li> stress_category_Historical.gpkg: stress for years 1980 and 2010 </li> <li> stress_category_SSP1‐RCP26.gpkg: stress for year 2050, SSP1‐RCP2.6 scenario </li> <li> stress_category_SSP1‐RCP45.gpkg: stress for year 2050, SSP1‐RCP4.5 scenario </li> <li> stress_category_SSP2‐RCP60.gpkg: stress for year 2050, SSP2‐RCP6.0 scenario </li> <li> stress_category_SSP3‐RCP60.gpkg: stress for year 2050, SSP3‐RCP6.0 scenario </li> </ul>   Dataset specifications: Type: geopackage (gpkg) Spatial extent: -165, 141.5, -54.5, 70.5  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax) Temporal extent: see above Projection: long/lat WGS84 (EPSG:4326) Information: sub-basin name, country, stress level, stress category Unit: -

opencc-zeroOct 2020View details →

Data from: Climatic drivers of latitudinal variation in Late Triassic tetrapod diversity

The latitudinal biodiversity gradient (LBG), the increase in biodiversity from the poles to the equator, is one of the most widely recognised global macroecological patterns, yet its deep time evolution and drivers remain uncertain. The Late Triassic (237–201 million years ago), a critical interval for the early evolution and radiation of modern tetrapod groups (e.g. crocodylomorphs, dinosaurs, mammaliamorphs), offers a unique opportunity to explore the palaeolatitudinal patterns of tetrapod diversity since it is extensively sampled spatially when compared with other pre-Cenozoic intervals, particularly at lower palaeolatitudes. Here, we explore palaeolatitudinal patterns of Late Triassic tetrapod diversity by applying sampling standardisation to comprehensive occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database. We then use palaeoclimatic model simulations to explore the palaeoclimatic ranges occupied by major tetrapod groups, allowing insight into the influence of palaeoclimate on the palaeolatitudinal distribution of these groups. Our results show that Late Triassic tetrapods generally do not conform to a modern-type LBG; instead, sampling-standardised species richness is highest at mid-palaeolatitudes. In contrast, the richness of pseudosuchians (crocodylians and their relatives) is highest at the palaeoequator, a pattern that is retained throughout their subsequent evolutionary history. Pseudosuchians generally occupied a more restricted range of palaeoclimatic conditions than other tetrapod groups, a condition analogous to modern day reptilian ectotherms, while avemetatarsalians (the archosaur group containing dinosaurs and pterosaurs) exhibit comparatively wider ranges, which is more similar to modern endotherms, such as birds and mammals, suggesting important implications for the evolution of thermal physiology in dinosaurs.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Climate-associated variation in the drivers of benthic macroinvertebrate species-area relationships across shallow freshwater lakes

The island species-area relationship (ISAR) describes how species richness increases with increasing area of a given island or island-like habitat, such as freshwater lakes. While the ISAR is one of the most common phenomena observed in ecology, there is variation in both the form of the relationship and its underlying mechanisms. We compiled a global dataset of benthic macroinvertebrates from 524 shallow freshwater lakes, ranging from 1 to 293300 ha in area. We used individual-based rarefaction to determine the degree to which ISAR was influenced by mechanisms other than passive sampling (larger islands passively sample more individuals from the regional pool and, therefore, have more species than smaller islands), which would bias results away from expected relationships between rarefied species richness (and other measures that capture relative abundances) and lake area. We also examined how climate may alter the shape of the ISARs. We found that both rarefied species richness (the number of species standardized by area or number of individuals) and a measure of evenness emphasizing common species exhibit non-significant relationships with lake area, suggesting that the expected ISARs in these lakes most likely result from passive sampling. While there was considerable variation among ISARs across the investigated lakes, we found an overall positive rarefied ISAR for lakes in warm (i.e., tropical/subtropical) regions (n = 195), and in contrast, an overall negative rarefied ISAR in cool (i.e., north temperate) lakes (n = 329). This suggested that mechanisms beyond passive sampling (e.g., colonization-extinction dynamics and/or heterogeneity) were more likely to operate in warm lakes. One possible reason for this difference is that the area-dependent intensity of fish predation, which can lead to flatter ISARs, is weaker in warmer relative to cooler lakes. Our study illustrates the importance of understanding both the pattern and potential processes underlying the ISARs of freshwater lakes in different climatic regions. Further, it provides a baseline for understanding how further changes to the ecosystem (i.e., in lake area or climate) might influence biodiversity patterns.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

Identifying climatic drivers of hybridization with a new ancestral niche reconstruction method

Applications of molecular phylogenetic approaches have uncovered evidence of hybridization across numerous clades of life, yet the environmental factors responsible for driving opportunities for hybridization remain obscure. Verbal models implicating geographic range shifts that brought species together during the Pleistocene have often been invoked, but quantitative tests using paleoclimatic data are needed to validate these models. Here, we produce a phylogeny for Heuchereae, a clade of 15 genera and 83 species in Saxifragaceae, with complete sampling of recognized species, using 277 nuclear loci and nearly complete chloroplast genomes. We then employ an improved framework with a coalescent simulation approach to test and confirm previous hybridization hypotheses and identify one new intergeneric hybridization event. Focusing on the North American distribution of Heuchereae, we introduce and implement a newly developed approach to reconstruct potential past distributions for ancestral lineages across all species in the clade and across a paleoclimatic record extending from the late Pliocene. Time calibration based on both nuclear and chloroplast trees recovers a mid- to late-Pleistocene date for most inferred hybridization events, a timeframe concomitant with repeated geographic range restriction into overlapping refugia. Our results indicate an important role for past episodes of climate change, and the contrasting responses of species with differing ecological strategies, in generating novel patterns of range contact among plant communities and therefore new opportunities for hybridization. The new ancestral niche method flexibly models the shape of niche while incorporating diverse sources of uncertainty and will be an important addition to the current comparative methods toolkit.

Fig. 3 in A snapshot of climate drivers and temporal variation of Ixodes ovatus abundance from a giant panda living in the wild

Fig. 3. Boxplot of tick abundance, female-to-male ratio and important climate factors change by months. A: Tick daily abundance; B: Daily female-to-male ratio of ticks; C: Daily temperature; D: Daily air pressure. Variables sharing the same letters among months were not significantly different. The five-day-rolling average values were calculated for all the variables that change by months.

Fig. 6 in A snapshot of climate drivers and temporal variation of Ixodes ovatus abundance from a giant panda living in the wild

Fig. 6. Daily average tick abundance, daily average air pressure and daily average temperature with standard deviations by months. All the values are calculated with five-day-rolling average values.

Fig. 2. Ixodes. ovatus collected from the giant panda. A in A snapshot of climate drivers and temporal variation of Ixodes ovatus abundance from a giant panda living in the wild

Fig. 2. Ixodes. ovatus collected from the giant panda. A: Dorsal of the adult female I. ovatus; B: Ventral of the adult female I. ovatus; C: Dorsal of the adult male I. ovatus; D: Ventral of the adult male I. ovatus.

Fig. 5 in A snapshot of climate drivers and temporal variation of Ixodes ovatus abundance from a giant panda living in the wild

Fig. 5. The correlation plot of daily tick abundance and the daily air pressure with trending line. The five-day-rolling average values were calculated for tick abundance and the air pressure.

Fig. 1 in A snapshot of climate drivers and temporal variation of Ixodes ovatus abundance from a giant panda living in the wild

Fig. 1. Experimental site was located in Daxiangling Natural Reserve, which is a part of the Giant Panda National Park in China. The orange area indicates the range of the Giant Panda National Park. The blue star is the location of this experimental site. Continents outline maps by Vemaps.com. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4 in A snapshot of climate drivers and temporal variation of Ixodes ovatus abundance from a giant panda living in the wild

Fig. 4. The correlation plot of daily tick abundance and the daily temperature with the trending line. The five-day-rolling average values were calculated for tick abundance and temperature.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Data for: Four decades of phenology in an alpine amphibian: trends, stasis, and climatic drivers

This dataset is used for the analysis of the breeding phenology of a common toad (Bufo bufo) alpine population, and how it is associated with either climatic conditions or the genetics of the population.   Toad Data Since 1982, we have captured annually all the toads that come to breed at the study pond. We then marked (first by toe-clipping, then starting in 1993 by implanting PIT tags), measured, and released them in the same place (Hemelaar, 1988; Grossenbacher, 2002). To make sure we captured both early and late arrivers, we repeated this procedure for on average 5–6 nights, with breaks in-between of about 2-4 days (i.e, the data conform to Pollock’s (1982) robust design). The length of the field work period usually covers the breeding season duration, which typically lasts about two weeks at our study pond. This design also had the advantage of not overly stressing the toads. In total, for the period 1982–2020, 3053 uniquely recognizable individuals have been caught, of which 1852 were males and 1201 females. For each individual we have a record of presence for each capture night over the study period. Given the reduced size of the pond and the repeated capture rounds within a capture night, we assumed high capture probabilities (capture probability p ≈ 0.85 per year based on a preliminary analysis of the mark-recapture data). At the population level we determined for each year a start, a peak, and an end date of breeding (i.e., first capture night, the capture night when most toads were captured, and last capture night, respectively). These calendar dates were all transformed into days of the year (where January 1st is 1), to facilitate modelling of long-term trends.   Weather Data We obtained climatic data for the period 1980–2020 from the DaymetCH dataset (data obtained from Bioclimatic maps of Switzerland © WSL, based on station data from the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, and elaborated by the Land Change Science group, WSL). This dataset consists of a 100-metre resolution grid of interpolated estimates of weather variables, using meteorological data from ground stations and the Daymet software (Thornton et al., 1997). We obtained data for the cell containing the breeding pond for the following variables: daily minimum, maximum, and mean temperature, daily total precipitation, and daily snow water equivalent (SWE; the equivalent amount of water stored in the snow pack). We then calculated average seasonal minimum daily temperatures (winter and spring), and cumulative seasonal precipitation (spring) and SWE (winter and spring). The csv file Season_values store these measures (one value for each of the 5 climatic variables per year, for the period 1982-2020, as the study on the toads started in 1982). We conducted all the analyses in R (R version 4.1.1; R Core Team, 2020) with RStudio (version 2022.7.1.554; R Studio Team, 2022).

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Interaction matters: Bottom-up driver interdependencies alter the projected response of phytoplankton communities to climate change, links to model results

This dataset provides the output of ten model simulations with the global ocean biogeochemical model FESOM-REcoM necessary to reproduce the findings of Seifert et al. (2023). In addition to information on the mesh, the dataset contains 5-year means of global phytoplankton biomass, chlorophyll, net primary production, growth rates, limitations, carbonate system parameters (dissolved inorganic carbon, CO2 partial pressure, total alkalinity), temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, and mixed layer depths. File names refer to the figures in the paper where the respective data are used. See “readme” for detailed information on the dataset and separate files.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Widespread changes in Southern Ocean phytoplankton blooms linked to climate drivers

Bloom phenology metrics calculated from OC-CCI v6.0 data. Dataset forms part of a publication in Nature Climate Change.