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37 results for “climatic fluctuations”
Sea ice proxy data from "Sea ice fluctuations in the Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea during glacial abrupt climate changes"
<p>Dataset s1: Sub-decadal sodium, bromine, and bromine enrichment data from NEEM ice core between 34-42 ka b2k.</p> <p>Dataset s2: Magnetic susceptibility, total organic carbon (TOC) and biomarkers data (IP25, brassicasterol, HBI-III) from the Eirik Drift core GS16-204-23CC, covering 31-42 ka b2k.</p>
Dataset for "Effects of weather and climate on fluctuations of grain prices in southwestern Bohemia, 1725–1824 CE"
<p><span>This deposit contains three .xlsx files.</span></p> <p><span>The file „01_prices_Sušice_1725-1824“ contains two sheets with mean annual prices (in Lower Austrian <em>měřice</em>) of four cereals (wheat, rye, barley and oats) in Sušice for the period 1725–1824. On the first sheet are compiled series, on the second detrended series (using high-pass filter).</span></p> <p><span>The file „02_monthly_prices_1725-1738“ contains four sheets with mean monthly prices (in Lower Austrian <em>měřice</em>) of four cereals in Sušice from July 1725 to July 1738 (July 1737 is missing). Sheets represent individual cereals – wheat, rye, barley and oats.</span></p> <p><span>The file „03_climate_char_1725-1824“ contains two sheets with mean seasonal (DJF, MAM and JJA) temperature, precipitation and scPDSI expressed in deviations relative to the 1961–1990 reference period. On the first sheet are original series, on the second detrended series (using high-pass filter). The original series are reconstructed temperatures for central Europe (Dobrovolný et al., 2010), reconstructed precipitation for the Czech Lands (Dobrovolný et al., 2015) and both of them were used for creation of scPDSI series (Brázdil et al., 2016).</span></p>
Data from: Fertiliser application modulates the impact of interannual climate fluctuations and plant-to-plant interactions on the dynamics of annual species in a Mediterranean grassland
<p><span><strong><span>Background:</span></strong><span> Climate and land-use changes, which include the application of various types of organic and inorganic fertilisers, have been reducing the species diversity of Mediterranean grasslands and threatening their conservation. Annual plants are one of the most diverse functional groups of species in these grasslands, despite suffering competitive pressure from perennial herbaceous and woody species, and they are essential for ecosystem functioning and stability. </span></span></p> <p><span><strong><span>Aims:</span></strong><span> To quantify how fertilisation modulates the impact of plant-to-plant interactions and climate fluctuations on the dynamics of annuals in Mediterranean grasslands. We hypothesised that the application of sewage sludge would increase competition between functional groups, reducing the abundance of annuals in the long-term, but would buffer the negative impacts of drought on the year-to-year fluctuation of the diversity of annuals.</span></span></p> <p><span><strong><span>Methods:</span></strong><span> In a semi-natural species-rich Mediterranean grassland in northern Spain, we analysed the changes in the taxonomical and functional composition and diversity of annuals over 14 years in response to variations in the abundance of perennial herbaceous and woody species, climate fluctuations, and fertilisation with sewage sludge. We quantified separately the patterns of year-to-year fluctuations and long-term trends. </span></span></p> <p><span><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> The frequency and diversity of annuals decreased with a higher abundance of perennial herbaceous species, drought in June, and cold winters. The addition of sewage sludge decreased the abundance of annuals in the long-term, seemed to promote competition between annuals and other functional groups at an interannual scale, and mitigated the negative effects of drought and cold.</span></span></p> <p><span><span><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Fertilisation influences differently the temporal response of annuals to climate fluctuations and plant-to-plant interactions.</span></span></p>
Data from: Fertiliser application modulates the impact of interannual climate fluctuations and plant-to-plant interactions on the dynamics of annual species in a Mediterranean grassland
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Four decades of climatic fluctuations and fish recruitment stability across a marine-freshwater gradient
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Source code and datasets used to link new waves of plague outbreaks in medieval Europe to climate fluctuations affecting the reservoirs of the disease in Asia.
<p>The zipfile contains the project directory which includes the source code and datasets used in the paper on <strong>Climate-driven introduction of the Black Death and successive plague reintroductions into Europe</strong>, as published in <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> (PNAS). Access the paper at http://www.doi.org/pnas.1412887112</p> <p>If you are not familiar with Clojure, Leiningen, and its project directory format, see http://clojure.org/getting_started for one of the IDE's to run the clojure code in, and use http://leiningen.org/ as the project / dependency manager.</p>
Resistance of rocky intertidal communities to oceanic climate fluctuations
<p>A powerful way to predict how ecological communities will respond to future climate change is to test how they have responded to the climate of the past. We used climate oscillations including the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and variation in upwelling, air temperature, and sea temperatures to test the sensitivity of nearshore rocky intertidal communities to climate variability. Prior research shows that multiple ecological processes of key taxa (growth, recruitment, and physiology) were sensitive to environmental variation during this time frame. We also investigated the effect of the concurrent sea star wasting disease outbreak in 2013–2014. We surveyed nearly 150 taxa from 11 rocky intertidal sites in Oregon and northern California annually for up to 14 years (2006–2020) to test if community structure (i.e., the abundance of functional groups) and diversity were sensitive to past environmental variation. We found little to no evidence that these communities were sensitive to annual variation in any of the environmental measures and that each metric was associated with < 8.6% of yearly variation in community structure. Only the years elapsed since the outbreak of sea star wasting disease had a substantial effect on community structure, but in the mid-zone only where spatially dominant mussels are a main prey of the keystone predator sea star, <em>Pisaster ochraceus</em>. We conclude that the established sensitivity of multiple ecological processes to annual fluctuations in climate has not yet scaled up to influence community structure. Hence, the rocky intertidal system along this coastline appears resistant to the range of oceanic climate fluctuations that occurred during the study. However, given ongoing intensification of climate change and increasing frequencies of extreme events, future responses to climate change seem likely.</p>
Contrasting sensitivity of weathering proxies to Quaternary climate and sea-level fluctuations on the southern slope of the South China Sea
<p>Tropical marginal seas host important sedimentary archives that may be exploited to reveal past changes in continental erosion, chemical weathering, and ocean dynamics. However, these records can be challenging to interpret due to the complex interactions between climate and particulate transport across ocean margins. For the southern South China Sea over the last 90 kyr, we observe a contrasting temporal relationship between the deposition of clay minerals and magnetic minerals, which were associated with two different hydrodynamic modes. Fine-grained clay minerals can be carried in suspension by ocean currents, leading to a rapid response to regional climate-driven inputs. In contrast, changes in magnetic mineralogy were linked to glacial-interglacial sea-level variability, from which we infer a control by bedload transport and resuspension. Overall, this study indicates that the transfer pathways and mechanisms imparted by varying hydrodynamic conditions exert a substantial influence on the distribution of terrigenous material in continental margin sediments.</p>
Pleistocene climatic fluctuations promoted alternative evolutionary histories in Phytelephas aequatorialis, an endemic palm from western Ecuador
<p class="CxSpFirst"><b>Aim: </b>Pleistocene (2.58 Ma – 11.7 ka) climatic fluctuations have shaped intraspecific genetic patterns worldwide; however, their manifestation in many regions remains unknown. In order to determine the impact of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations on the tropical rain forests of western Ecuador, we explored the evolutionary history of the endemic palm <i>Phytelephas aequatorialis</i>.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>Location: </b>Western Ecuador, northwestern South America.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>Taxon: </b><i>Phytelephas aequatorialis </i>(Arecaceae).</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>Methods:</b> 176 nuclear genes were sequenced in 91 individuals for phylogenomic and population structure analyses. The time of divergence between identified genetic lineages was estimated using a coalescent phylogenomic analysis. Paleoecological niche modelling analyses were performed to determine areas of historical climatic suitability since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 22 ka) that potentially acted as forest refugia during the Pleistocene. A Wilcoxon test and Pearson correlations were used to explore how current levels of genetic diversity (<i>Hs</i>) have been shaped by several paleoclimatic and geographic factors.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>Results:</b> Phylogenomic and population structure analyses revealed two genetic lineages with a north-south distribution, which diverged 1.14 Ma during the Pleistocene. Two potential Pleistocene refugia were identified in the Pacific coast of Ecuador and in the Andean foothills of southwestern Ecuador, whose distribution agrees with the spatial location of the two lineages. Within the Andean foothills, <i>Hs</i> was lower for the southern lineage than for the northern lineage. <i>Hs</i> significantly increased with decreasing latitude within the whole species distribution.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>Main conclusions: </b>Pleistocene climatic fluctuations promoted intraspecific divergence in <i>P. aequatorialis </i>within the rain forests of western Ecuador. The Andean foothills of southwestern Ecuador could be an important spot for rain forest evolution because they potentially remained climatically suitable through the Pleistocene. Lower genetic diversity in the southern lineage, which apparently remained isolated in the Andean foothills during glacial cycles, adds evidence to the presence of a forest refugium in southwestern Ecuador. The geographic pattern in genetic diversity suggests that <i>P. aequatorialis </i>colonized western Ecuador from the north. This study supports the role of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations in promoting intraspecific divergence, and for the first time, we show their impact west of the Andes.</p>
Data for: Plio-Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and divergence with gene flow drive continent-wide diversification in an African bird
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Data for: Molecular footprints of Quaternary climate fluctuations in the circumpolar tundra shrub dwarf birch
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Pleistocene climatic fluctuations promoted alternative evolutionary histories in Phytelephas aequatorialis, an endemic palm from western Ecuador
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Resistance of rocky intertidal communities to oceanic climate fluctuations
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Data from: Climatic and economic fluctuations revealed by decadal ocean soundscapes
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Data from: Individualistic evolutionary responses of central African rain forest plants to Pleistocene climatic fluctuations
<p>Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of genetic diversity is fundamental for species conservation in the face of climate change, particularly in hyper-diverse biomes. Species in a region may respond similarly to climate change, leading to comparable evolutionary dynamics, or individualistically, resulting in dissimilar patterns. The second largest expanse of continuous tropical rain forest (TRF) in the world is found in Central Africa. Here, present-day patterns of genetic structure are thought to be dictated by repeated expansion and contraction of TRFs into and out of refugia during Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. This refugia model implies a common response to past climate change. However, given the unrivalled diversity of TRFs, species could respond differently because of distinct environmental requirements or ecological characteristics. To test this we generated genome-wide sequence data for >750 individuals of seven co-distributed plants from Lower Guinea in Central Africa. We inferred species' evolutionary and demographic histories within a comparative phylogeographic framework. Levels of genetic structure varied among species and emerged primarily during the Pleistocene, but divergence events were rarely concordant. Demographic trends ranged from repeated contraction and expansion to continuous growth. Furthermore, patterns in genetic variation were linked to disparate environmental factors including climate, soil and habitat stability. Using a strict refugia model to explain past TRF dynamics is too simplistic. Instead, individualistic evolutionary responses to Pleistocene climatic fluctuations have shaped patterns in genetic diversity. Predicting the future dynamics of TRFs under climate change will be challenging and more emphasis is needed on species ecology to better conserve TRFs worldwide.</p>
Data from: Temperature drives abundance fluctuations, but spatial dynamics is constrained by landscape configuration: implications for climate-driven range shift in a butterfly
1. Prediction of species distributions in an altered climate requires knowledge on how global- and local-scale factors interact to limit their current distributions. Such knowledge can be gained through studies of spatial population dynamics at climatic range margins. 2. Here, using a butterfly (Pyrgus armoricanus) as model species, we first predicted based on species distribution modelling that its climatically suitable habitats currently extend north of its realized range. Projecting the model into scenarios of future climate, we showed that the distribution of climatically suitable habitats may shift northward by an additional 400 km in the future. 3. Second, we used a 13-year monitoring data set including the majority of all habitat patches at the species' northern range margin to assess the synergetic impact of temperature fluctuations and spatial distribution of habitat, microclimatic conditions and habitat quality, on abundance and colonisation-extinction dynamics. 4. The fluctuation in abundance between years was almost entirely determined by the variation in temperature during the species' larval development. In contrast, colonisation and extinction dynamics were better explained by patch area, between-patch connectivity, and host plant density. This suggests that the response of the species to future climate change may be limited by future land-use and how its host plants respond to climate change. It is thus probable that dispersal limitation will prevent P. armoricanus from reaching its potential future distribution. 5. We argue that models of range dynamics should consider the factors influencing metapopulation dynamics, especially at the range edges, and not only broad-scale climate. It includes factors acting at the scale of habitat patches such as habitat quality and microclimate, and landscape-scale factors such as the spatial configuration of potentially suitable patches. Knowledge of population dynamics under various environmental conditions, and the incorporation of realistic scenarios of future land-use, appear thus essential to provide predictions useful for actions mitigating the negative effects of climate change.
Data from: Quaternary climatic fluctuations and resulting climatically suitable areas for Eurasian owlets
Aim: The nested pattern in the geographical distribution of three Indian owlets, resulting in a gradient of endemicity, is hypothesized to be an impact of historical climate change. In current time, the Forest Owlet Athene blewitti is endemic to central India, and its range is encompassed within the ranges of the Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum (distributed through South Asia) and Spotted Owlet Athene brama (distributed through Iran, South and Southeast Asia). Another phylogenetically close species, Little Owl Athene noctua, which is largely Palearctic in distribution, is hypothesized to have undergone severe range reduction during the Last Glacial Maximum, showing a post-glacial expansion. The present study tests hypotheses on the possible role of Quaternary climatic fluctuations in shaping geographical ranges of owlets. Methods: We used primary field observations, open access data, and climatic niche modeling to construct suitable climatic niches of four owlets for four periods, the Last Interglacial (~120-140 Ka), Last Glacial Maximum (~22 Ka), Mid-Holocene (~6 Ka) and Current (1960-1990). We performed climatic niche extent, breadth and overlap analyses, and tested if climatically suitable areas for owlets are nested in a relatively stable climate. Results: Climatically suitable areas for all owlets examined underwent cycles of expansion and reduction or a gradual expansion or reduction since the Last Interglacial. The Indian owlets show significant climatic niche overlap in the current period. Climatically suitable areas for Little Owl shifted southwards during the Last Glacial Maximum and expanded northwards in the post-glaciation period. For each owlet, the modeled climatic niches were nested in climatically stable areas. Main Conclusions: The study highlights the impact of Quaternary climate change in shaping the present distribution of owlets. This is relevant to the current scenario of climate change and global warming and can help inform conservation strategies, especially for the extremely range-restricted Forest Owlet.
Data from: Coping with the climate: cuticular hydrocarbon acclimation of ants under constant and fluctuating conditions
Terrestrial arthropods achieve waterproofing by a layer of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). At the same time, CHCs also serve as communication signals. To maintain waterproofing under different climate conditions, insects adjust the chemical composition of their CHC layer, but this may affect the communication via CHC. The detailed acclimatory changes of CHCs and how these influence their physical properties are still unknown. Here, we studied acclimation in two closely related ant species with distinct CHC profiles, Myrmica rubra and Myrmica ruginodis, in response to constant or fluctuating temperature and humidity regimes. We measured how acclimation affected CHC composition and viscosity, and the ants' drought survival. In both species, CHC composition showed strong, predictable responses to temperature regimes. Warm-acclimated individuals had higher proportions of linear alkanes, and less methyl-branched or unsaturated CHCs. These changes coincided with higher solid content and viscosity of CHCs in warm-acclimated ants. Temperature fluctuation caused effects similar to constant-cool conditions in M. rubra, but led to entirely different profiles in M. ruginodis, suggesting that fluctuating and constant conditions pose very different challenges. Acclimation to dry conditions led to higher absolute amounts of CHCs, which increased the ants' drought survival, whereas temperature acclimation did not. Hence, the temperature-induced CHC changes cannot be explained by the need for waterproofing alone. While these changes could be non-adaptive, we propose that they serve to maintain a constant CHC viscosity, which may be essential for communication and other functions.
Data from: Hidden survival heterogeneity of three common eider populations in response to climate fluctuations
(1) Understanding how individuals and populations respond to fluctuations in climatic conditions is critical to explain and anticipate changes in ecological systems. Most such studies focus on climate impacts on single populations without considering inter- and intra-population heterogeneity. However, comparing geographically dispersed populations limits the risk of faulty generalizations and helps to improve ecological and demographic models. (2) We aimed to determine whether differences in migration tactics among and within populations would induce inter- or intra-population heterogeneity in survival in relation to winter climate fluctuations. Our study species was the Common eider (Somateria mollissima), a marine duck with a circumpolar distribution, which is strongly affected by climatic conditions during several phases of its annual cycle. (3) Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) data were collected in two arctic (northern Canada and Svalbard) and one subarctic (northern Norway) population over a period of 18, 15 and 29 years, respectively. These three populations have different migration tactics and experience different winter climatic conditions. Using multi-event and mixture modelling, we assessed the association between adult female eider survival and winter conditions as measured by the North Atlantic Oscillation index. (4) We found that winter weather conditions affected survival of female eiders from each of these three populations. However, different mechanisms seemed to be involved. Survival of the two migrating arctic populations was impacted directly by changes in the NAO, whereas the subarctic resident population was affected by the NAO with time lags of two to three years. Moreover, we found evidence for intra-population heterogeneity in the survival response to the winter NAO in the Canadian eider population, where individuals migrate to distinct wintering areas. (5) Our results illustrate how individuals and populations of the same species can vary in their responses to climate variation. We suspect that the found variation in survival response of birds to winter conditions is partly explained by differences in migration tactic. Detecting and accounting for inter- and intra-population heterogeneity will improve our predictions concerning the response of wildlife to global changes.
Data from: Implications of landscape evolution and climate fluctuation on bird species diversification in Neotropics
<p>Among several factors proposed as drivers of species diversification in the American tropics, the riverine barriers hypothesis plays a central role in Amazonian biogeography, being observed in many species. Although the hypothesis has great evolutionary importance, some species deviate from the expected biogeographic pattern. Their evolutionary histories are better explained when considering climatic oscillations or joint action of climatic fluctuations and river dynamics. Here, we used reduced representation genome sequencing and species distribution models to better understand the implications of landscape dynamics and climate shifts on species diversification in the Neotropics. The blue-crowned Manakin (Lepidothrix coronata) has one of the widest distributions amongst Manakin, with remarkable phenotypic variation across its distribution, thus an excellent model for this sort of study. We found evidence for the existence of four, geographically structured, evolutionarily independent lineages that diverged close to the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary. Despite distribution models indicating habitat suitability crossing the rivers, we found no evidence of gene flow between the lineages, suggesting that the diversification process was mainly triggered by vicariant events, such as the establishment of the Amazonian rivers and the rise of the northern Andes.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.