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13 results for “co-flowering community”
Sharing pollinators and pollen-associated viruses: understanding the diversity of the pollen virome within a co-flowering community
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Integrating floral trait and flowering time distribution patterns help reveal a more dynamic nature of co-flowering community assembly processes
<p>Species' floral traits and flowering times are known to be the major drivers of pollinator-mediated plant-plant interactions in diverse co-flowering communities. However, their simultaneous role in mediating plant community assembly and plant-pollinator interactions is still poorly understood. Since not all species flower at the same time, inference of facilitative and competitive interactions based on floral trait distribution patterns should account for fine phenological structure (intensity of flowering overlap) within co-flowering communities. Such an approach may also help reveal the simultaneous action of competitive and facilitative interactions in structuring co-flowering communities.</p> <p>Here we used modularity within a co-flowering network context, as a novel approach to detect convergent and/or over-dispersed patterns in floral trait distribution and pollinator sharing. Specifically, we evaluate differences in floral trait and pollinator distribution patterns within (high temporal flowering overlap) and among co-flowering modules (low temporal flowering overlap). We further evaluate the consistency of observed floral trait and pollinator sharing distribution patterns across space (three geographic regions) and time (dry and rainy seasons).</p> <p>We found that floral trait similarity was significantly higher in plant species within co-flowering modules than in species among them. This suggests pollinator facilitation may lead to floral trait convergence, but only within co-flowering modules. However, our results also revealed seasonal and spatial shifts in the underlying interactions (facilitation or competition) driving co-flowering assembly, suggesting that the prevalent dominant interactions are not static.</p> <p>Synthesis: Overall, we provide strong evidence showing that the use of flowering time and floral trait distribution alone may be insufficient to fully uncover the role of pollinator-mediated interactions in community assembly. Integrating this information along with patterns of pollinator sharing will greatly help reveal the simultaneous action of facilitative and competitive pollinator-mediated interactions in co-flowering communities. The spatial and temporal variation in flowering and trait distribution patterns observed further emphasize the importance of adopting a more dynamic view of community assembly processes.</p>
Flower color and flowering phenology mediate plant-pollinator interaction assembly in a diverse co-flowering community
<p>Uncovering the role of competition and facilitation in community assembly is central for developing a predictive understanding of the forces that organize biodiversity. Standard trait-based approaches however rely on detection of only one assembly mechanism (competition or facilitation) along a single trait even though pollinator-mediated plant-plant interactions can be structured along multiple phenotypic, phenological and ecological traits. We evaluated plant species distribution along multiple phenotypic and ecological traits (flower color, flowering time, pollinator sharing) and described an entire co-flowering community as a set of modules with unique patterns of assembly, to test predictions regarding the relative contribution of competition and facilitation to the assembly of a diverse co-flowering community. We show a modular pattern of flower color assembly. Flower color modules differ in their spectral reflectance patterns including color hue and saturation. Within modules, however, species are differentially assembled along phenological and ecological traits (pollinator sharing) depending on the main pollinator group visiting plant species within each module. Results suggest different trait assembly patterns within individual trait-modules in the same co-flowering community and that different trait-patterns can result from the same type of ecological interaction. This study reveals empirical evidence of community assembly along multiple axes of trait differentiation and raises caution when interpreting assembly patterns based on a single trait.</p>
Pollen limitation and context-dependent alleviating mechanisms in a co-flowering alpine grassland community
<p>1. The consequences of community metrics (e.g., co-flowering diversity and floral density) and plant traits (e.g., pollinator dependency and trait similarity) on pollen limitation may depend on pollinator-mediated competitive or facilitative interactions among plants in co-flowering communities, which could vary with community contexts (i.e. different altitude communities) and under human disturbances (e.g., livestock grazing). However, the mechanisms to alleviate pollen limitation under the different contexts, considering pollinator-mediated interactions among neighbor plants are unclear.</p> <p>2. We investigated pollen limitation under grazing versus ungrazing conditions in low versus high altitude alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau to uncover the underlying mechanisms mediating pollen limitation associated with livestock grazing.</p> <p>3. Pollen limitation is prevalent in alpine grasslands, irrespective of community contexts. Grazing exclusion decreased pollen limitation in the two sites but in different ways. In the high-altitude site, pollen limitation was reduced by the exclusion of grazers through increased trait similarity (suggesting facilitation). While pollen limitation was reduced by decreased trait similarity (suggesting competition avoidance) under grazing exclusion in the low-altitude site.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and Applications: This study suggests that flower trait distribution patterns (i.e. trait similarity) influence pollen limitation through reducing competition in the low-altitude site or enhancing facilitation in the high-altitude site under grazing exclusion in alpine grasslands. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of pollen limitation in co-flowering alpine grassland communities under distinct human disturbances at different altitudes, emphasizing the role of pollinator-mediated interactions among plants on plant reproductive success.</p>
Data from: Differential effects of pollen nutritional quality on male and female reproductive success across plant species within a diverse co-flowering community
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Flower color and flowering phenology mediate plant-pollinator interaction assembly in a diverse co-flowering community
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Integrating floral trait and flowering time distribution patterns help reveal a more dynamic nature of co-flowering community assembly processes
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Data from: Individual-based networks reveal the importance of bee fly (Bombyliidae) pollination in a diverse co-flowering community
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Pollen limitation and context-dependent alleviating mechanisms in a co-flowering alpine grassland community
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Data from: Taxonomic and functional diversity of the co-flowering community differentially affect Cakile edentula pollination at different spatial scales
1. The number of co-flowering species, floral density and floral trait diversity can be major determinants of pollinator-mediated plant-plant interactions in a community. However, evaluation of how each one of these co-flowering components affects the pollination success of a single focal plant species, and how these effects vary at different spatial scales, is lacking. 2. Here we evaluated the effects of functional diversity (flower morphology and colour), taxonomic diversity (reflecting potential sampling effects) and flower density (conspecific and heterospecific), on the pollinator environment (i.e. visitation rate and pollinator diversity), and pollination success (i.e. pollen load size and number of pollen tubes per style) of Cakile edentula (Brassicaceae). We applied structural equation models (SEM's) at the floral-neighbourhood (plot level) and community-wide scales to uncover the factors that mediate co-flowering community effects on C. edentula pollination success. 3. We found that co-flowering community effects at the community level are more important than fine-scale floral-neighbourhood differences in mediating plant pollination success in our study species. Increasing plant functional diversity decreased pollinator visitation rate but increased the diversity of pollinator functional groups visiting C. edentula flowers. Taxonomic diversity negatively affected pollinator diversity suggesting that other unmeasured floral traits may be relevant or that single-species effects (sampling effects) may be important. Overall, our results suggest that functional floral trait diversity in a community may be the most important factor influencing pollination success of species in a community. We also found evidence for intra- and interspecific pollinator competition mediated by flower density but none of these effects seemed to have a significant impact on pollination success. 4. This study is an important step towards understanding the complexity of co-flowering community effects on the pollination success of individual plant species at multiple spatial scales. This study further reveals the potential importance of plant functional diversity in a community in helping predict competitive and facilitative interactions in co-flowering communities. 5. Synthesis. Floral density, taxonomic and functional co-flowering diversity are important drivers of pollination success in flowering plants. The effects of the co-flowering diversity on the pollination success of plant species can largely depend on the spatial scale being studied. Only evaluating the outcomes of pollinator-mediated plant-plant interactions at multiple stages of the pollination process can lead to a complete understanding of their ecological consequences in nature.
Data from: Taxonomic and functional diversity of the co-flowering community differentially affect Cakile edentula pollination at different spatial scales
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Data from: Spatial variation in bidirectional pollinator-mediated interactions between two co-flowering species in serpentine plant communities
<p>Pollinator-mediated competition and facilitation are two important mechanisms mediating co-flowering community assembly. Experimental studies, however, have mostly focused on evaluating outcomes for a single interacting partner at a single location. Studies that evaluate spatial variation in the bidirectional effects between co-flowering species are necessary if we aim to advance our understanding of the processes that mediate species coexistence in diverse co-flowering communities. Here, we examine geographic variation (i.e., at landscape level) in bidirectional pollinator-mediated effects between co-flowering <em>Mimulus guttatus</em> and <em>Delphinium uliginosum</em>. We evaluated effects on pollen transfer dynamics (conspecific and heterospecific pollen deposition) and plant reproductive success. We found evidence of asymmetrical effects (one species is disrupted and the other one is facilitated) but the effects were highly dependent on geographical location. Furthermore, effects on pollen transfer dynamics did not always translate to effects on overall plant reproductive success (i.e., pollen tube growth) highlighting the importance of evaluating effects at multiple stages of the pollination process. Overall, our results provide evidence of a spatial mosaic of pollinator-mediated interactions between co-flowering species and suggest that community assembly processes could result from competition and facilitation acting simultaneously. Our study highlights the importance of experimental studies that evaluate the prevalence of competitive and facilitative interactions in the field, and that expand across a wide geographical context, in order to more fully understand the mechanisms that shape plant communities in nature.</p>
Data from: Spatial variation in bidirectional pollinator-mediated interactions between two co-flowering species in serpentine plant communities
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